Dead of all his burying Clothes and other Ornaments and leave the Body to be Food for the Wild Beasts Then they divide his Garments and Sacrifice to the Subterraneous Heroes and Feast all their Friends Alexander afterwards marched into Gedrosia all along the Sea Coast and came at length among a most rude and savage People From their very Birth to their old Age they never Marches into Gedrosia cut their Nails but suffer them still to grow and the Hair of their Heads all grow in Locks never comb'd out They 're of a swarthy Complexion through the parching Heat of the Sun and cloath themselves with the Skins of Wild Beasts They feed upon the Flesh of Whales cast up by the Sea In building of their Houses and Cottages they raise up their Walls as is usual but the Roofs are laid with the Rib-bones of Whales of which they have Summers and Beams eighteen Cubits in length and for Tiles they use the Whales Scales When Alexander with great Toil had march'd through this Country he came into a Alexander's Army near Perishing in Gedrosia desolate Wilderness where nothing at all was to be had for the support of Man's Life So that many dying for want of Food the whole Army was not only altogether discourag'd but the King himself was then over-whelm'd with unusual Sorrow and Anxiety of Mind For he look'd upon it as a most Miserable thing that those who by the Valour of their Arms had conquer'd all where ever they came should now ingloriously Perish for want Ant. Ch. 325. of Bread in a Barren Wilderness Therefore he sent away the swiftest Courriers he could find into Parthia Drangina Aria and other bordering Countries with order that with all speed they should meet him upon the Border of Carmania with Dromedary Camels and other Beasts of Burden loaden with Bread and all other necessary Provisions who hasted away as they were commanded and procur'd the Governors of the Provinces to dispatch abundance of Provision to the Place appointed By this extream Scarcity Alexander lost many of his Men and this was the first Mischief he met with in this Expedition Afterwards as they were marching some of the Mountaineers fell upon Leonatus his Squadron and cut off many of them and then made back to their Countrymen and this was another Loss When they had at length with very great Difficulties and Hardships past through this Desart they came into a Rich and Populous Country * In Carmania Vid. Curtius Lib. 9. ad finâ—m Here he randezvous'd his whole Army and after they had refresh'd themselves celebrated a Feast to Bacchus and dress'd up to make a shew like a Pageant he led the Darice before his Army who march'd likewise in great Pomp and State for the space of Seven days together spending all that time in Revelling and Drunkenness all along the way as he went When this was over hearing that many of his Officers and Governors of Provinces had The King punishes the Governors of Provinces Ant. Ch. 325. abus'd their Power to the Oppression and Injury of many he punish'd them according to their Demerits Which Severity of the King 's being spread abroad many who were conscious of being guilty of the same Crimes began to fear the same Punishment and therefore some who commanded the Mercenaries made a Defection others pick'd up what Moneys they could and fled Of which the King receiving intelligence he writ to all the Governors and Lord-Lieutenants of Asia that as soon as they had read his Letters they should without further delay disband all the Mercenaries About the same time while the King was at * Salmuntes in Harmozia now Ormus in the Gulf of Persia Nearchus returns Salmuntes a Sea port Town busie in making Stage Plays Those who were sent to examine all the Sea Coasts arriv'd with the Fleet who forthwith went into the Theatre and address'd themselves to the King and after they had made their Obeysance they acquainted him with what they had done The Macedonians so rejoic'd at their Return that as a Testimony of their joy they set up a great Acclamation and fill'd the whole Theatre with Exultations Those that return'd from the Voyage told him There were wonderful Tides of Ebbing and Flowing in the Ocean and that at low Water in the furthest Parts of the Sea Coasts there appear'd very Islands over-flow'd many great Islands which at the return of the Tide are all again laid under Water while a most Fierce and violent Wind comes off from them to the Continent and causes the Water to be all over on a Foam And as the greatest Wonder of all they declar'd they met with Whales of an incredible Magnitude which at the first so terrify'd them that Whales they look'd upon themselves as lost and that they and all their Ships must in a Moment perish together But all of them at once setting up a great shout and making a Noise by striking upon their Arms and sounding of Trumpets the monstrous Creatures were so terrify'd with a thing so unusual that they made to the Bottom of the Deep After the King had heard the Relation he order'd the Sea Officers to sail with the Ant. Ch. 325. Fleet to Euphrates And he himself in the mean time marching through many Countries with his Army came at last to the Borders of Susiana At which time Calanus an Indian a great Philosopher and much honour'd by the King ended his days in a wonderful manner Having now liv'd to be Seventy three years old and during all that The strange Death of Calanus Aelian Var. Hist lib. 5. c. 6. Plut. in Alexander time never knew what Sickness or the least Distemper meant he purpos'd to put an end to his own Life supposing that now both Nature and Fortune had brought him to the utmost Bounds of his Felicity and well-being in the World Being seiz'd upon therefore with Sickness which grew upon him more and more every day he desir'd the King that he would order a great Funeral Pile to be made and that when he had plac'd himself upon it some of his Servants should set it on fire The King at first endeavour'd to dissuade him from this Purpose but when he saw he would not be mov'd he promis'd it should be done as he had desir'd The thing presently spread abroad and when the Pile was finish'd multitudes of People flock'd to see this strange Sight And there Calanus according to the Rules and Dictates of his own Opinion with great Courage ascended the Pile and both he and it were consum'd together Some that were present judg'd this Act to be an effect of Madness others nothing else but a piece of Vain-glory Though some there were that admir'd his Noble Spirit and Contempt of Death And the King caus'd him to be honourably bury'd When Alexander came to Susa he marry'd Statira Darius his Eldest Daughter Drypetis the Younger he marry'd
702. l. 38. r. Colophonians p. 782. l. 3. r. Tryphon ' s Name p. ibid. legat 34. r. Saturninus p. 784. line 31. r. too little to be p. 785. l. 40. r. join'd with them p. 786. l. 45. add above p. 790. l. 34. add the. p. 794. l. 5. r. which were p. 796. l. 21. dele the second his THE CONTENTS Of the First Five Books of Diodorus the Sicilian BOOK I. Chap. 1. OF the first Generation of Men. How the World first began Mens first manner of Life and who were the first Men. First Men in Egypt Who were the most ancient Gods of Egypt Of their Demi-Gods Sol Saturn Rhea Jupiter Juno Vulcan reign'd in Egypt Of Osiris and Isis the Acts of Osiris and Isis Hermes his Inventions Osiris prepares for his Expedition through the World and to that end raises a great Army Page 1 Chap. 2. The Continuation of Osiris his Expedition through Ethiopia all Arabia India and Europe Bury'd by Isis and Mercury How he was kill'd His Death reveng'd by Isis and Orus Two Bulls Apis and Mnevis worship'd in Egypt Places discuss'd where Osiris and Isis were bury'd Stories of the Egyptian Priests Their Tears Lunar Tears Giants Laws about Marriage Osiris and Isis their Pillars and Inscriptions Colonies out of Egypt 7 Chap. 3. The Description of Egypt Of the Lake of Serbon The Nature of the River Nile The Cataracts The Mouths of Nile The Fruits of Egypt The Beasts Crecodile c. Several Opinions concerning the Inundation of Nile 14 Chap. 4. The first way of Living of the Egyptians Gods and Demi-Gods their Reigns in Egypt The ancient Kings of Egypt Moenis c. Their several Works Thebes built by Busitis The stately Sepulchres Obelisks and Temples there A Description of Osymanduas his Sepulchre Memphis built by Uchoreus Moeris his Lake Sesostris or Sesoosis his famous Expedition and great Works 22 Chap. 5. The Acts of Sesostris the Second Of Ammosis Actisan Mendes Proteus or Cetes Remphis Chemmis the great Pyramids built by him Cephres Mycerinus Bocchoris Sabach The Reign of Twelve Kings in Egypt Psammeticus Saites one of the Kings gain'd the whole Two hundred thousand of his Army forsake him and settle thmeselves in Ethiopia Apries succeeds long after Amasis rebels and next succeeds and Apries is strangled by the People Amasis the last King to the time of the Conquest of Egypt by Cambyses 31 Chap. 6. The Customs of the Egyptians Of their Kings As their hourly Employment Sacrifices Diet c. Burials Division of Egypt Their Trades in Egypt Courts of Justice their Law-Proceedings The several Laws of Egypt Beasts and Birds ador'd as Gods in Egypt as Lions Wolves Cats the Bird Ibis Kites c. Costs in their Burial of these Creatures Reasons given of this Adoration 36 Chap. 7. Why the Crocodile is worship'd Some sorts of Herbs and Roots not eaten Why other Creatures are worship'd The manner of their Burials The Law-makers in Egypt Learned Men of Greece made Journeys into Egypt as Orpheus Homer Plato Solon Pythagoras c. Several Proofs of this as their Religious Rites Fables c. in Greece of Egyptian Extraction The exquisite Art of the Stone-Carvers in Egypt Page 46 BOOK II. Chap. 1. NInus the first King of Assyria his Acts invades Babylonia Media and over-runs several other Countries Nineveh built by him the Description of it Marries Semiramis Her Descent Derceta the Philistines Dagon His Expedition against Bactria He dies Semitamis builds Babylon and several strange Works there as a Passage under Water Jupiter's Temple c. Hanging Gardens in Babylon A vast Stone cut out The strange Property of a Morass Her several Expeditions The wonderful Lake in Ethiopia Their Burials there Semiramis's Expedition into India Her Mock-Elephants Her Expedition proves fruitless She surrenders her Kingdom to Ninyas her Son Her End 53 Chap. 2. Ninyas succeeds Semiramis His close and slothful manner of Life The Reign of Sardanapalus His Luxury and Effeminacy His Epitaph Deposed by Arbaces the Mede And the Assyrian Empire overturn'd Nineveh raz'd 64 Chap. 3. Of the ancient Chaldeans and their Philosophy The Planets and their Course The Empire of the Medes and their Kings A Description of India The ancient Manners and Customs of the People Their Laws Tribes Description of Scythia Of the Amazons Of the Hyperboreans 69 Chap. 4. A Description of Atabia the Desart Happy c. Metals Precious Stones Beasts c. AD scription of Taprobana in the Southern Ocean now call'd Ceylon or Zeilan The strange Things there How discover'd by Iambulus 78 BOOK III. Chap. 1. OF the Ethiopians Their Letters Laws Arms Religion Funerals The Description of several Parts of the Country Manner of making of Gold Of the Icthyophages their several sorts and ways of Living 85 Chap. 2. Chelonophages The manner of taking Sea-Tortoises The Cetivores or Whale-Eaters The Sea-Coasts over-against Babylon Their manner of taking of Fish The Rizophages or Root-Eaters Those call'd Spermaphages and Hylophages Hylogones or Hunters their taking of wild Beasts The Elephant-Fighters how they are taken The Simoes Struthophages Acridophages or Locust Eaters their miserable Deaths Cynomolges The Country of the Troglodites Wild Beasts The terrible wild Bull Serpents that great one brought alive to Alexandria 94 Chap. 3. A Description of the Coasts and Countries on both sides the Arabian Gulf or Red Sea The Perfumes of Arabia the Happy The Fortunate Islands A Description of part of Lybia The Spectras near the Syrtes 102 Chap. 4. Of the Amazons of Africa Their Acts Rooted out by Hercules and the Gorgonians by Perseus The Atlantides and the Gods among them The Original of the Titanes The Acts of Basilea or Cybele said to be born in Phrygia The Original of Atlas and Saturn A long Account given of Bacchus and the several Bacchuses there were The Description of the Grota in Nysa where he was brought up The building of the Temple of Hammon by him The several Herculeses The Monsters Aegides and Campes kill'd by Minerva and Bacchus Page 110 BOOK IV. Chap. 1. WHat the Grecians say further of Bacchus The Story of Priapus Of Hermophroditus Of the Muses The Birth of Hercules and his Twelve Labours injoin'd him by Eurystheus His wandring Expeditions through Africk Spain France Italy Sicily His setting up two Pillars at Gades and his other Acts by the way The Story of Orpheus 127 Chap. 2. An Account of Atlas and his Daughters call'd Atlantides and Hesperides Amazons routed by Theseus in Attica The further Acts of Hercules goes against Laomedon King of Troy and other Acts. The Story of Meleager Son of King Oeneus Amalthae's Horn. Hercules his further Acts His Death by a poison'd Shirt 141 Chap. 3. Of the Argonauts Medea and the Daughters of Pileus How the Argonauts gain'd the Golden Fleece The Pranks of Medea The Acts of Jason The Cruelty of Pelias towards Jason's Kindred How he was kill'd by his Daughters through Medea's Charms Medea burns the King of Corinth's Palace
Atarne Zena rais'd by Philip. The King of Aegypt abdicates his Kingdom and flyes to Aethiopia 499 Chap. 10. Philip takes Olynthus and other Cities in the Hellespont The Athenians jealous of Philip and instigated by Demosthenes Philip's Policies The value of the Riches taken out of the Temple at Delphos Dionysius sent presents to Delphos and were taken by the Athenians His Letter to the Athenians The Temple burnt The end of the Phocian War The Punishments decreed by the Amphâ—tyons against the Phocians The Miseries of the Sacrilegers Timoleon sent to Syracuse 502 Chap. 11. Timoleons Expedition into Sicily The Carthaginians Army in Sicily Dionysius returns to Syracuse is beaten by Hircelas Hircelas gains Syracuse Timoleon's escape from Rhegium Timoleon routs Hircelas and gains Syracuse Philip invades the Illyrians Dionysius expell'd Timoleon makes good Laws Philip invades Thrace 508 Chap. 12. The Acts of Timoleon in Sicily The Preparations of the Carthaginians against Timoleon The remarkable Siege of Perinthus by Philip. Pexodorus expells his Brother Adam from the Principality in Cana. Byzantium suddenly besieg'd by Philip. 510 Chap. 13. The Athenians aid Byzantium Philip raises his Siege The Carthaginians transport Forces into Sicily The remarkable Victory of Timoleon over the Carthaginians The Acts of Timoleon in Sicily The Works of Hiero in Sicily 512 Chap. 14. Elata taken by Philip great Consternation in Athens for fear of Philip. The Boetians join with the Athenians through the Solicitation of Demosthenes Python a famous Orator The Battel at Cheronea between Philip and the Athenians Lycides the Athenian General put to death Philip rebuk'd by Demades made General of Greece Timoleon dyes 515 Chap. 15. Philip consults the Oracle at Delphos Philip Marries his Daughter Cleopatra to the King of Epirus Encourag'd to the Persian War by Neoptolemus his Verses Philip's Pride His Murder The Cause of it and how it was done and by whom 517 BOOK XVII Chap 1. COnspiracies of the Cities against Alexander The Athenians send Ambassadors to Alexander to beg Pardon He 's made General by the Amphictyons Attalus kill'd by Alexander's Command The Wickedness of of Bagoas Darius commended Raises Forces A Description of Mount Ida. Alexander invades the Illyrians and others Thebes besieg'd by Alexander and raz'd The Miseries of Thebes Prodigies Alexander demands Demosthenes and others to be deliver'd up to him by the Athenians their Answer He returns into Macedonia and Feasts his Soldiers 521 Chap. 2. Alexander lands his Army in Asia The Battel at Granicum The Forces of the Persians and of Alexander Alexander kills Spithrodates near being kill'd by Rosaces Miletus besieg'd and taken Ada Queen of Caria meets Alexander Halicarnassus Besieg'd Taken and Sack'd The strange Act of the Macedonians 528 Chap. 3. Mytelene taken by Memnon Darius his General his Successes He dyes Charidemus the Athenian unjustly put to Death by Darius Alexander falls sick recover'd by Philippus Alexander seizes Alexander of Lyncestas upon his Mother's Letters Alexander takes Issus The Memorable Battel at Issus where the Mother Wife two Daughters and Son of Darius were taken Alexander's noble carriage towards them Darius his Letters and Offers to Alexander Darius prepares another Army 533 Chap. 4. Alexander marches towards Aegypt Besieges Tyre Prodigies at Tyre The Tyrians bind Apollo with golden chains The Inventions of the Tyrians to defend themselves The advancement of Ballomynus a poor Man to be King of Tyre The Acts of Agis and Amyntas Amyntas kill'd and all his Soldiers Alexander takes Gaza by Storm presented by the Grecians 538 Chap. 5 Alexander makes a Journey to the Temple of Jupiter Hammon He 's presented by the Cyreneans The Description of the place about the Temple The wonderful Properties of the Fountain Solis The Building of Alexandria Alexander's Answer to Darius his Ambassadors Alexander passes over the River Tygris with great Hazard The Preparations on both sides for Battel The Persians routed at that famous Battel at Arbela 542 Chap. 6. The Grecians conspire to Revolt Memnon rebels in Thrace Antipater marches against him The Lacedemonians raise an Army are routed by Antipater and Agis their King kill'd 547 Chap. 7. Alexander comes to Babylon The wealth found there Views his Troops at Sitacana Enters Susa The Riches there Thence goes in the Country of the Uxians Marches towards Persepolis A Company of maim'd Greeks met Alexander His Bounty to them He takes Persepolis gives it up to the Plunder of the Soldiers The Riches of the Citadel of Persepolis Alexander his Feast at Persepolis Persepolis burnt at the Instigation of Thais Darius murder'd 548 Chap. 8. Bessus stirs up the Bactrians Alexander discharges the Greek Auxiliaries with Rewards The River Stidoetes He enters Hircania Its Richness Enters the Mardis Country Loses his brave Horse but is restor'd Thalestris the Amazon Queen meets him He falls into the Effeminacy of the Persians Enters Drangina A Plot against Alexander Philotas and others put to Death Marches against the Arimispi Subdues Arachosia 552 Chap. 9. Alexander marches against the Paromisades His troublesom March. Comes to Mount Caucasus A Battel in Area by Alexander's Officers against Satibarzanes who is kill'd in a single Combat by Erigyus Bessus brought to Alexander his Punishment Alexander kills some Barbarians unexpectedly after they had surrender'd their City He marches to the River Indus Mophis his remarkable delivery up of himself and his Army 556 Chap 10. Alexander overcomes Porus. How Apes are taken Strange Serpents for Venom Large Trees Marches against the Andrastians Catheri and against Sopithes The Custom of them under Sopithes Indian Dogs Entertain'd by Phigeus The Macedonians refuse to march against the Gandarides Alexander leaves Monuments behind him at the River Hyphasis Nicaea built and Bucephalis The Ibori present Alexander Routs the Agalasians In Danger in the River Indus by Whirlpools Marches against the Oxidracans and Mallians The King leaps off the Wall into the Town A Duel between Coragus and Dioxippus The Sambestae submit to Alexander and the Sodrans and Mastanians Subdues Musicanus Porticanus and Sambus Poison'd Weapons The King's Dream Comes into the Main Ocean Comes into Gedrosia The Savages of the People His Army near perishing in Gedrosia Comes into Carmania Punishes the Bormcial Goremours Nearchus returns Islands cover'd at High-Tides The strange Death of Calanus Alexander marrieth Statira Harpalus his Luxury He seizes with his own Hand them that mutiny'd 561 Chap. 11. Alexander mixes Twenty thousand Persian Darters with his Army-Marches from Susa Bagistames breeds abundance of Horses Hephestion dies at Ecbatana The Lamian War He invades the Cosscans Marches towards Babylon The Caldean Astrologers disswade him from coming thither He enters Babylon 569 Chap. 12. Ambassadors come to Alexander from all Parts He buries Hephestion with great State The Prodigies before Alexander's Death His Death Darius his Mother starves her self 570 BOOK XVIII Chap. 1. QUarrels about a Successor to Alexander Aridaus made King The Provinces divided amongst the Chief Commanders Matters contain'd in Alexander's Note-Books
Meleager executed by Perdiccas The Grecians revolt A Description of Asia Pithon sent against the Revolting Grecians who were all cut off The Lamian War The Cause of it Alexander's Epistle to the Exiles Leosthenes the Athenian General Lamia besieg'd Leosthenes kill'd Antiphilus plac'd in his room 574 Chap. 2. Ptolemy gains Egypt Leagues with Antipater Lysimachus enters Thrace Leonatus comes to Relieve Antipater and is routed The Grecians beaten at Sea Perdiccas conquers Ariarathes Prince of Cappadocia Crucifies him delivers the Province to Eumenes The Grecians quite routed by Craterus and Antipater The Athenians at length submit after all the rest but the Aetolians The End of the Lamian War The War in Cyrene by Thimbro Ophellas routs Thimbro Cyrene gain'd by Ptolemy Larinda sack'd The Destruction of the Isaurians by themselves Perdiccas affects the Kingdom of Macedon Is oppos'd by Antigonus The Etolians block'd up by Craterus and Antipater Antigonus discover Perdiccas his Design Peace made with the Etolians Perdiccas marches against Ptolemy into Egypt 580 Chap. 3. The Description of Alexander's Funeral Charriot Ptolemy honour'd in Egypt Perdiccas prepares for Egypt against Ptolemy Eumenes beats Neoptolimus who deserted The Battel between Eumenes and Craterus who was kill'd with Neoptolemus Combat between Neoptolemus and Eumenes Perdiccas comes into Egypt Assaults the Fort call'd the Camel's Wall His miserable Loss in the River Nile Is kill'd Ptolemy makes Arrideus and Pytho Protectors of the Kings Eumenes condemn'd to die The Etolians invade Thessaly Polysperchon routs the Etolians The Provinces again divided by Arrideus Antigonus besieges Nora Eumenes his Invention to Exercise the Horse Ptolemy gains Syria and Phoenicia and Nicanor 586 Chap. 4. Antigonus routs Alcitas in Pisidia and takes Attalus Alcitas receiv'd into Termessus and there protected He 's murder'd there Treacherously his Body inhumanly us'd by Antigonus Antipater's Death Antipater puts Demeas one of the Athenian Ambassadors to Death Polysperchon made Chief in Macedonia Cassander conspires to out him Antigonus his Plots to be Sovereign of all Arrideus secures himself in Phrygia Besieges Cyzicum Antigonus goes to raise it Eumenes got out of Nora by Antigonus his Order Antigonus his further Act. The various Fortunes of Eumenes A Council in Macedonia call'd by Polysperchon against Cassander The Decree of the Council Polysperchon invites Olympias out of Epirus into Macedonia Writes to Eumenes to join with the Kings 593 Chap. 5. Polysperchon courts Eumenes to assist the Kings Eumenes his Prudence amongst the Macedonian Captains Ptolemy sends to the Captains and others not to assist Eumenes Antigonus contrives to kill Eumenes who marches into Phoenicia Nicanor deceives the Athenians and still keeps Munychia and subtilly gets the Pyreum Order'd by Olympias to deliver the Pyreum and Munychia to the Athenians but he shifts it off Alexander Son of Polysperchon enters Attica secretly Corresponds with Nicanor and displeases the Athenians Phocion's hard Usage at his Trial in Athens is Condemn'd and Executed Cassander arrives at the Pyreum Polysperchon comes against him but returns Besieges Megalopolis but is there much Damnifi'd his Elephants spoil'd by a Stratagem A Sea-Fight between Clitus and Nicanor Nicanor beaten Clitus afterwards routed by Nicanor and is kill'd in his flight to Macedonia Antigonus goes after Eumenes Eumenes near losing his Army by the Breach of a Dyke in Babylonia The Greek Cities revolt to Cassander The Athenians make Peace with him He kills Nicanor 599 BOOK XIX Chap. 1. A Gathocles his Parentage and Education His Rise His Stratagems His bloody Massacre at Syracuse He gains the Sovereign Power The Affairs of Italy Olympias returns into Macedonia by Polysperchon's Means The Armies revolt to her Her Cruelties She murders Eurydice and Arideus her Husband Affairs in Asia Eumenes and Seleucus Eumenes is join'd by many of the Captains The number of their Forces He comes to Susa Attalus and others Imprison'd by Antigonus in a strong Castle seeks to escape Are afterwards besieg'd and taken 608 Chap. 2. Antigonus marches after Eumenes to Tigris Eumenes cuts off many of his Men at Pasitigris Antigonus goes into Media Eumenes comes to Persepolis The Description of Persia Pencestes his great Feast Eumenes his Policy His Tale of the Lion Battel in Sareteceni between Antigonus and Eumenes Antigonus returns into Media The Story of Cereus his two Wives striving which should be burnt Eumenes marches to Gabiene Cassander to Macedonia Olympias goes to Pydna is there besieg'd The Epirots forsake their King and join with Cassander Antigonus's design to surprize Eumenes who stops his March by a Stratagem The last Battel between them in Gabiene Eumenes basely deliver'd up Antigonus's return to Media The dreadful Earthquakes in the Country of Rhages 615 Chap 3. The Inundations at Rhodes Antigonus kills Pitho getting him into his Power by Dissimulation then marches into Persia Revolters from Antigonus cut off in Media He divides the Asian Provences and continues to destroy all the Argyraspides Gets great Treasure in Susa Cassander besieges Olympias in Pydna The great Distress to which it was reduc'd Amphipolis surrender'd to Cassander He kills Olympias Marries Thessalonices Builds Cassandra Imprisons Rhoxana and her Son Alexander His Expedition into Peloponnesus against Alexander the Son of Polysperchon The History of Thebes Cassander rebuilds Thebes 627 Chap. 4. Antigonus his Army feasted by Seleucus in Babylon Falls out with Seleucus who flies to Ptolemy and is kindly receiv'd Ptolemy Seleucus Cassander and Lysimachus join against Antigonus They send Ambassadors to him who Winters in Cilicia He goes into Phoenicia and there builds Ships Besieges Tyre The Praise of Phyla Wife of Demetrius Aristodemus raises Forces for Antigonus in Peloponnesus The Acts of Ptolemy one of Antigonus his Captains Antigonus his Policy Tyre deliver'd The Agreement of Ptolemy's Captains and the rest at Cyprus The Acts of Seleucus A Fleet comes to Antigonus from the Hellespont and Rhodes Things done in Peloponnesus Cassander's Acts there and in Greece The great Victory by Sea and Land obtain'd by Polyclitus Seleucus his Lieutenant He 's Rewarded by Ptolemy The Acts of Agathocles in Sicily The Romans War with the Samnites 632 Chap. 5. The Acts of Aristodemus Antigonus his General in Peloponnesus The Dâ—means in Achaia seek to free themselves from Cassander's Garrison They take the Cittadel Alexander Son of Polysperchon Assassinated The Praise of Cratesipolis his Wife The Acts of Cassander in Etolia and other Parts of Greece The Cruelty of the Etolians Cassander sends an Army into Caria and Aristotle with a Fleet to Lemnos The Acts of Cassander's Army in Caria Antigonus leaves his Son Demetrius in Caria to watch Ptolemy His troublesome March into Asia The Affairs of Sicily Acrotatus his Misgovernment and Cruelties in Sicily The Acts of Agathocles The Affairs of Italy 637 Chap. 6. Several Cities revolt Lysimachus comes against them Philip Cassander's General routs the Epirots and Etolians Cassander agrees with Antigonus Antigonus gains the Cities in Caria Cassander's Acts in Greece Samnites routed
by the Romans Polemon sent by Antigonus into Greece to set the Cities at liberty The Acts of Antigonus and Cassander Polemon's Acts in Greece for Antigonus Ptolemy goes against Cyrene and Cyprus then against Demetrius The Battel with Demetrius at Gaza Ptolemy takes Tyre The Acts of Antigonus his Commanders in Greece The Epirots make Alcetas King who is beaten by Lysiscus Cassander's General and he 's beaten again by the other Cassander goes against the Apolloniats Seleucus recovers Babylon with a small Army Demetrius routs Cilles Ptolemy's General Ptolemy returns to Egypt first wasts Samaria Gaza Joppa c. Athaneus sent against the Nabatheans by Antigonus The Customs of the Arabians Athaneus kill'd and most of his Men. Demetrius sent against them Description of the Asphaltes or Lake of Sodom Demetrius sent against Seleucus in Babylon The Wars between the Romans and Samnites in Italy The Acts of Agathocles in Sicily 641 Chap. 7. Cassander Ptolemy and Lysimachus make Peace with Antigonus Cassander murders Rhoxana and her Son The Governors take the Stile of Kings upon them The Carthaginians raise Forces against Agathocles Four thousand Geloans murder'd by Agathocles The Battel between Agathocles and Amilcar the Carthaginian at Himera Agathocles routed Several Cities revolt from Agathocles 654 BOOK XX. Chap. 1. AGathocles designs to invade Africa His Cruelty Pursu'd in his Voyage An Eclipse of the Sun very great Lands in Africa Burns his Ships His Successes in Africa Hanno and Bomilcar made Generals in Africa Battel between them and Agathocles who routs them Kills Hanno His Stratagem by Owls The cruel Superstition of the Carthaginians in sacrificing their Children The Actions at Syracuse Actions of Agathocles in Africa The Acts of Cassander in Macedonia Polysperchon seeks to restore Hercules Alexander's Son The miserable Destruction of Nichocles and his Family in Cyprus The Wars of Parysidas his Sons King of the Cimerean Bosphorus The Valour of Satyrus one of his Sons His Death The sad Death of Eumelus another Son Page 658 Chap. 2. The Acts of Ptolemy in Cilicia and elsewhere Polysperchon murders Hercules Alexander's Son by Instigation of Cassander Amilcar taken and put to Death by the Syracusians His Head sent to Agathocles in Africa The things done in Sicily Archagathus Agathocles Son kills Lysiscus He and his Son in great Danger by the Army Affairs of Italy The Works of Appius Claudius The Appian way Ptolemy comes to Corinth His Acts there Cleopatra Alexander's Sister kill'd by the Governor of Sardis The further Acts of Agathocles in Africa Ophellas decoy'd and cut off by Agathocles Ophellas his troublesome March to Agathocles Lamia's Cruelty and Story of her Bomilcar seeks to be Prince of Carthage but is put to Death by the Citizens Agathocles sends the Spoils of the Cyrenians to Syracuse Most lost in a Storm Affairs in Italy 668 Chap. 3. Demetrius frees all the Grecian Cities takes the Pireum at Athens Demetrius Phalerius flies to Ptolemy Honours given to Demetrius in Athens He sails to Cyprus His Acts there Besieges Salamis His great Engines Ptolemy sails to Cyprus Sea-Fight between Ptolemy and Demetrius wherein Ptolemy is routed Antigonus takes the Title of King and the like several other Captains Agathocles his Acts at Utica in Africk Ty'd Prisoners to a great Engine The sorts of People in Africa Xenodocus routed in Sicily by Agathocles his Captains Agathocles his Acts in Sicily What was done by Archagathus in Africa Mascala inhabited by some Greeks that came from Troy Apes their Custom among the Pithecusae The Carthaginians draw out Thirty thousand Men out of Carthage Misfortunes to Agathocles his Captains in Africa The Army block'd up and almost starv'd Agathocles beats the Carthaginians at Sea near Syracuse His Captain Leptines Harrasses the Agrigentines Agathocles Feasts the Syracusians His jocund Temper His Cruelty Routed in Africa Carthaginian Camp burnt The Misfortune afterwards to both Armies by one Cause Agathocles in Chains by his own Men. Steals out of Africa The Soldiers kill his two Sons They make Peace with the Carthaginians Agathocles his exceeding Cruelty at Aegista and afterwards at Syracuse 676 Chap. 4. Antigonus his March into Aegypt A Tempest near Raphia where he lost some of his Ships He returns into Syria Dinocrates prevails in Sicily Agathocles is willing to resign his Government but Dinocrates stands off What was done in Italy Antigonus his War with the Rhodians Rhodes besieg'd by Demetrius Agathocles routs Dinocrates his great Army with a few Men. His Cruelty to those that submitted upon Terms where he But chers Seven thousand Dinocrates in favour with Agathocles and betrays all the Confederates What was done in Italy 688 Chap. 5. The Siege of Rhodes continu'd The Acts of the Sea-Captains of the Rhodians Peace made with the Rhodians The Acts of Agathocles in the Lipari Islands The Acts of Demetrius in Greece The War between the Tarentines and Lucanians The Acts of Cleonymus the Spartan Cassander sends to Antigonus to make Peace who refuses Lysimachus joins with Cassander and so does Ptolemy and Seleucus against Antigonus He marches against Lysimachus Demetrius's further Acts in Greece The Armies of Cassander and Demetrius Demetrius leaves Greece and goes with his Army to his Father in Asia after Peace made with Cassander The Misfortunes of Pleistarchus at Sea Ptolemy besieges Sidon but returns to Aegypt upon a false Report Seleucus marches from Babylon with a great Army Page 695 THE PREFACE ALL Mankind are under a great Obligation of Gratitude to those that have written Universal Histories forasmuch as there has been an honourable Contest amongst them by their Labours and Pains to be helpful to others in the due Conduct and Management of the common Affairs and Concerns of this present Life For whereas they usher in a sort of wholsom Instruction without any hazard to the Person so they thereby also procure to their Readers Art and Skill in Politicks above the ordinary Rate with great Ease and Security For Knowledge gain'd by Experience though it brings a Man to an Aptness to be quick in discerning what is most advisable in every particular case yet such Knowledge is attended with many Toyls and Hazards And thus he that was Ulysses the most experienc'd Man among the Heroes view'd many Cities and came well to understand and prie into the Minds and Tempers of Men yet it was with many Troubles and Misfortunes But Knowledge of what was well or ill done by others gain'd by History carries along with it Instructions freed from those Misfortunes that others have before experienc'd Besides these Historians have us'd their utmost Diligence to reduce all Men in their Consideration of them who are united and related one to another in the same common Nature and Original though far distant each from other as to Place and Time under one and the same Head and common Order as if they were Servants herein to the Divine Providence For as Providence having marshall'd the Stars visible to us in a most
of the Macedonians For some have broke off at Philip others at the Acts of Alexander and others at his Successors or Posterity And although many great and considerable Actions since those Times to these our Days have been upon the Stage yet no Historian has hitherto undertaken to set them forth in one intire Tract by reason of the Tediousness of the Work And in regard that in those Writings which we have the Times and Actions that have been comprehended in them are hudled together in several Volumes writ by various and several Authors it 's a very difficult matter either to understand or remember them Having therefore diligently perus'd and examin'd the Tracts of the several Authors I determin'd to compose one intire History from which the Reader might reap much Advantage with little Labour and Pains For he who endeavours to the utmost of his power to comprehend in his Writings the memorable Affairs and Actions of the whole World as of one single City bringing down his History from the most ancient Times to his own Age though he set upon a Work certainly very Laborious yet he 'll perform that which when finish'd will be undoubtedly most useful and profitable For hence every Man may as out of a common Fountain draw what is convenient and serviceable for his own private use For as to them that have a desire to imploy themselves in tumbling and turning over so many Authors first such cannot easily get so many Books together as are necessary for their use and then again by reason of the differing Relations and multitude of Authors they can scarcely understand the Matters related But one General History in one intire Tract as it may be quickly and readily perus'd so the understanding of the subject matter with far more ease goes along with the Reading Yea this sort of History excels all others as far as the Whole is more useful than the Part as the intire thing is more desirable than that which is divided and that which fixes the exact Periods of Time more than that which leaves the Time uncertain and unknown when things related were done Perceiving therefore that such a Work would be of mighty use and advantage but that it would require both a long Time and a great deal of Labour and Pains we spent Thirty Years time in the Composing of it and for that purpose travell'd through a great part of Asia and Europe with many Hazards and Difficulties that we our selves might be Eye-Witnesses of most of the Parts and Places that were necessary for the carrying on of our Design in this Work For through the Ignorance of Places not only common Writers but even those who are reputed the most Eminent have committed many Errors and Mistakes The chief cause and that which most helpt forward the Design which though thought impossible is now fully compleated and perfected was the strong and constant desire we had of Composing such a Work Many Helps likewise were afforded to us at Rome for the Carrying on of what we had undertaken in this Kind For that noble City whose Power is stretcht out as far as to the utmost Corners of the Earth being that we had been there a long time an Inhabitant furnished us with many things ready at hand for our purpose For being born in Agyrus in Sicily and having in a great measure learnt the Roman Language by means of the frequent Commerce of Romans in that Island I diligently collected out of their Ancient Records what I found concerning the memorable Actions of this Empire We have begun our History with the Mythologies handed down to us as well those of the Grecians as of the Barbarians seriously weighing and considering as far as we were able what every one of them have related of things done in Ancient Times Having now finish'd what was design'd though not yet expos'd to publick view before that be done we shall declare something briefly concerning the whole Work Our First Six Books comprehend the Affairs and Mythologies of the Ages before the Trojan War of which the Three First contain the Barbarian and the next following almost all the Grecian Antiquities In the Eleven next after these we have given an Account of what has been done in every Place from the Time of the Trojan War till the Death of Alexander In the Three and Twenty Books following we have set forth all other Things and Affairs till the beginning of the War the Romans made upon the Galls at which time Julius Caesar the Emperor who upon the Account of his great Atchievements was surnam'd A Divine Person or a God Divus having subdu'd the Warlike Nations of the Galls inlarg'd the Roman Empire as far as to the British Isles whose First Acts fall in with the First Year of the Hundred and Eightieth Olympiad when Herodes A. M. 3896. Isaacson was chief Magistrate at Athens But as to the Limitation of Times contain'd in this Work we have not bound those things that happen'd before the Trojan War within any certain Limits because we could not find any Foundation whereon to rely with any Certainty According to Appollodorus we have accounted Fourscore Years from the Trojan War to the Return of Heraclides From thence to the First Olympiad A. M. 2848. Three Hundred and Twenty Eight Years computing the Times from the Lacedemonian Kings From the First Olympiad to the beginning of the Gallick War where our History ends are Seven Hundred and Thirty Years So that our whole Work comprehended in Forty Books is an History which takes in the Affairs of Eleven Hundred Thirty Eight Years besides those Times that preceded the Trojan War We have been the more careful to premise these things that the Reader might have the clearer Prospect into the nature of the whole Tract and that those who commonly take upon them to polish and amend Books may be at least prevail'd with not to corrupt other Mens Works Whatever therefore through the whole History is writ well let no Man envy What Slips there are through Ignorance they that are more knowing are very free to amend And now having finish'd what we thought fit to premise we shall endeavour actually to perform what we before promis'd as to the Writing of the History THE Historical Library OF Diodorus the Sicilian BOOK I. CHAP. I. Of the first Generation of Men. How the World first began Mens first manner of Life and who were the first Men. First Men in Egypt Who were the most antient Gods of Egypt Of their Demy-Gods Sol Saturn Rhea Jupiter Juno Vulcan reign'd in Egypt Of Osiris and Isis The Acts of Osiris and Isis Hermes his Inventions Osiris prepares for his Expedition through the World and to that end raises a great Army WHAT Notions they had of the Gods who first instituted Divine Worship and what is fabulously related of every one of the Deities because the Subject requires much to be said we shall distinctly set forth And whatever we
Vulcan his and his Wives Statues each of one intire Stone Thirty Cubits in height and those of his Sons Twenty Cubits high upon this occasion After his return from his great Expedition into Egypt being at Pelusium his Brother at a Feast having invited him together with his Wife and Children plotted against his Life for being all overcome by Wine and gone to rest he caus'd a great quantity of dry Reeds long before prepar'd for the purpose to be plac'd round the King's Pavilion in the Night and set them all on Fire upon which the Flame suddenly mounted aloft and little assistance the King had either from his Servants or Life-guard who were all still overloaden with Wine Upon which Sesostris with his Hands lift up to Heaven calling upon the Gods for help for his Wife and Children rusht through the Flames and escap'd and so being thus unexpectedly preserv'd he made Oblations as to other of the Gods as is before said so especially to Vulcan as he by whose Favour he was so remarkably deliver'd Although Sesostris was eminent in many great and worthy Actions yet the most stately and magnificent of all was that relating to the Princes in his Progresses For those Kings of the conquer'd Nations who through his Favour still held their Kingdoms and such as had receiv'd large Principalities of his free Gift and Donation came with their Presents and Tributes into Egypt at the times appointed whom he receiv'd with all the Marks of Honour and Respect save that when he went into the Temple or the City his Custom was to cause the Horses to be unharnest out of his Chariot and in their Room Four Kings and other Princes to draw it hereby thinking to make it evident to all that there was none comparable to him for Valour who had conquer'd the most potent and famous Princes in the World This King seems to have excell'd all others that ever were eminent for Power and Greatness both as to his Warlike Atchievements the number of his Gifts and Oblations and his wonderful Works in Egypt After he had reign'd Three and Thirty Years he fell blind and wilfully put an end to his own Life for which he was admir'd not only by Priests but by all Sesostris his Death the rest of the Egyptians for that as he had before manifested the Greatness of his Mind by his Actions so now his End was agreeable by a voluntary Death to the Glory of his Life The Fame and Renown of this King continu'd so fresh down to Posterity that many Ages after when Egypt was conquer'd by the Persians and Darius the Father of Xerxes would set up his Statue at Memphis above that of Sesoosis the Chief Priest in the debating of the matter in the Conclave boldly spoke against it declaring that Darius had not yet exceeded the noble Acts of Sesoosis The King was so far from resenting this that on the contrary he was so pleas'd and taken with this freedom of Speech that he said he would endeavour if he liv'd as long as the other did to be nothing inferiour to him and wisht them to compare things done proportionable to the time for that this was the justest examination and trial of Valour And thus much shall suffice to be said of Sesoosis CHAP V. The Acts of Sesostris the Second Of Ammosis Actisanes Mendes Proteus or Cetes Remphis Chemmis the great Pyramids built by him Cephres Mycerinus Bocchoris Sabach The Reign of Twelve Kings in Egypt Psammetichus Saites one of the Kings gain'd the whole Two Hundred Thousand of his Army forsook him and settle themselves in Ethiopia Apries succeeds long after Amasis rebels and next succeeds and Apries is strangled by the People Amasis the last King to the time of the Conquest of Egypt by Cambyses THE Son of Sesostris succeeded his Father in the Kingdom and took upon him Sesostris the Second call'd Phero by Herodotus the same Name yet perform'd nothing remarkable by his Arms but the Affliction and Misery that befel him was observable for he became blind as his Father did before him deriving the Malady either from his Father in his Birth or as a Judgment upon him for his Impiety against the River against which as it s fabulously reported he threw his Javelin whereupon falling under this Misfortune he was forc'd to apply himself for help to the Gods whom he sought to appease with many Offerings and Sacrifices for a long time together yet could find no Relief till at the end of Ten Years he was directed by the Oracle to go and worship the God of Heliopolis and wash his Face in the Urin of a Woman that Herodot lib. 2. c. 11. never had known any other Man besides her own Husband Hereupon he began with his own Wife and made trial of many others but found none honest except a Gardener's Wife whom he afterwards marry'd when he was recover'd All the Adulteresses he caus'd to be burnt in a little Village which from this Execution the Egyptians call'd the Holy Field to testify his Gratitude to the God of Heliopolis for this great Benefit At the Command of the Oracle he erected Two Obelisks each of one entire Stone Eight Cubits in breadth and a hundred in height and dedicated them to the Deity After this Sesostris the Second were many Successions of Kings in Egypt of whom there 's nothing worth remark to be found But many Ages after Ammosis came Ammosis to the Crown who carry'd it Tyrannically towards his Subjects For he put many to Death against all Law and Justice and as many he stript of all they had and turn'd them out of their Estates and carry'd himself haughtily and proudly in every thing towards all Persons he had to deal with This the poor oppress'd People indur'd for a time while they had no power to resist those that overpower'd them But as soon as Actisanes King of Ethiopia invaded him having now an opportunity to discover their Hatred and to revenge themselves most of his Subjects revolted from him so that he was easily conquer'd and Egypt became subject to the Kings of Ethiopia Actisanes bore his Prosperity with great Moderation and carried himself kindly Actisanes and obligingly towards all his Subjects Against Robbers he contriv'd a notable Device neither putting them that were guilty to Death nor wholly acquitting or discharging them from Punishment For he caus'd all that were guilty to be brought together from all parts of the Country and after a just and strict inquiry and certain Knowledge of their Guilt he order'd all their Noses to be cut off and banisht them into the utmost parts of the Desart and built a City for them call'd from the cutting off of the Noses of the Inhabitants Rhinocorura which is situated in the Confines of Egypt and Syria in a barren Place destitute of all manner of Provision All the Country round about is full of Salt and brackish Ponds and the Wells within the
Walls afford but very little Water and that stinking and very bitter And he sent them to this Place on purpose that they might not for the future do any more hurt nor lye lurking and unknown among other Men. But being banished to such a barren Place void almost of all things necessary for the support of Man's Life Men naturally Contriving all manner of Arts to prevent starving they wittily found out a way to supply their Wants For they cut up out of the Neighbouring Fields Reeds and flit them in several pieces and made long Nets of them and plac'd them several Furlongs all along upon the Shoar with which they catcht the Quails which came flying over Sea Vid. Plin. Nat. Hist lib. 10. c. 23. the Description of these Quails in great Flocks and by that means sufficiently provided for themselves After this King's Death the Egyptians recover'd their Liberty and set up a King of their own Nation to rule over them ‖ Mendes Mendes whom some call Marus who never undertook any Warlike Design but made a Sepulcher for himself call'd a Labyrinth not to be admir'd so much for Its greatness as it was unimitable for its Workmanship For he that went in could not easily come out again without a very skilful Guide Some say that Dedalus who came into Egypt admir'd the Curiosity of this Work and made a Labyrinth for Minos King of Creet like to this in Egypt in which they fabulously relate the Minotaur was kept But that in Creet was either ruin'd by some of their Kings or came to nothing through length of Time but that in Egypt continu'd whole and entire to our Days After the Death of this Mendes and Five Generations spent during which time there was an Interregnum the Egyptians chose one Cetes of an ignoble Extraction Proteus Cetes to be their King whom the Grecians call Proteus this fell out in the time of the Trojan War This Prince they say was a * To have knowledge of the Winds Magician and could transform himself sometimes into the shape of a Beast other times into a Tree or Appearance of Fire or any other Form and Shape whatsoever And this agrees with the Account the Priests of Egypt give of him from his daily Converse with the Astrologers they say he learnt this Art The Greeks rais'd this Story of Transformation from a Custom amongst the Kings for the Egyptian Princes us'd to wear upon their Heads as Badges of their Royal Authority the shapes of Lions Bulls and Dragons and sometimes to fix upon their Heads Sprouts of Trees Fire and strong Perfumes of Frankincense and other sweet Odours And with these they both adorn'd themselves and struck a Terror and Superstitious Awe into the Hearts of their Subjects at one and the same time After the Death of Proteus his Son Remphis succeeded him who spent all his Remphis Time in filling his Coffers and heaping up Wealth The poorness of his Spirit and his sordid Covetousness was such that they would not suffer him to part with any thing either for the worship of the Gods or the good of Mankind and therefore more like a good Steward than a King instead of a Name for Valour and noble Acts he left vast Heaps of Treasure behind him greater than any of the Kings that ever were before him For it 's said he had a Treasure of Four Hundred Thousand Talents of Gold and Silver After this King's Death for Seven Generations together there reign'd successively a Company of Kings who gave themselves up to Sloath and Idleness and did nothing but wallow in Pleasures and Luxury and therefore there 's no Record of any great Work or other thing worthy to be remembred that ever any of them did except Nile who call'd the River after his own Name which was before call'd Egyptus For being that he cut many Canals and Dikes in convenient Places and us'd his utmost endeavour to make the River more useful and serviceable it was therefore call'd Nile †〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chembes Chemmis the Eighth King from Remphis was of Memphis and reign'd Fifty Years He built the greatest of the Three Pyramids which were accounted amongst the Seven Wonders of the World They stand towards Lybia * About 20 Miles Pyramids Hundred and Twenty Furlongs from Memphis and Five and Forty from Nile The Greatness of these Works and the excessive Labour of the Workmen seen in them do even strike the Beholders with Admiration and Astonishment The greatest being Four-square took up on every Square †Seven Plethras Seven Hundred Foot of Ground in the Basis and above Six Hundred Foot in height spiring up narrower by little and little till it come up to the Point the Top of which was * Three Yards Six Cubits Square It 's built of solid Marble throughout of rough Work but of perpetual Duration For though it be now a Thousand Years since it was built some say above Three Thousand and Four Hundred yet the Stones are as firmly joynted and the whole Building as intire and without the least decay as they were at the first laying and Erection The Stone they say was brought a long way off out of Arabia and that the Work was rais'd by making Mounts of Earth Cranes and other Engines being not known at that time And that which is most to be admir'd at is to see such a Foundation so imprudently laid as it seems to be in a Sandy Place where there 's not the least Sign of any Earth cast up nor Marks where any Stone was cut and polish'd so that the whole Pile seems to be rear'd all at once and fixt in the midst of Heaps of Sand by some God and not built by degrees by the Hands of Men. Some of the Egyptians tell wonderful things and invent strange Fables concerning these Works affirming that the Mounts were made of Salt and Salt-Peter and that they were melted by the Inundation of the River and being so dissolv'd every thing was washt away but the Building it self But this is not the Truth of the thing but the great multitude of Hands that rais'd the Mounts the same carry'd back the Earth to the Place whence they dug it for they say there were Three Hundred and Sixty Thousand Men imploy'd in this Work and the Whole was scarce compleated in Twenty Years time When this King was dead his Brother Cephres succeeded him and reign'd Six Cephres Chabryis Suppos'd to Reign in the time of David and the beginning of Solomon's Reign Helv-Chron 42. and Fifty Years Some say it was not his Brother but his Son Chabryis that came to the Crown But all agree in this that the Successor in imitation of his Predecessor erected another Pyramid like to the former both in Structure and Artificial Workmanship but not near so large every square of the Basis being only a Furlong in Breadth Upon the greater Pyramid was inscrib'd the value
Punishment upon Pentheus and Lycurgus But because the invention and use of Wine is very grateful to Manboth for its pleasant relish and its strengthening and inlivening of the Body it is the Custom at Supper-time when pure and unmixt Wine is freely offer'd to all to call upon the Good Genius but after Supper when the Wine is mixt with Water to call upon †Jupiter the Saviour Jupiter Soter For from pure and unmixt Wine many times proceeds Madness but temper'd and allay'd with * Water call'd the Liquor of Jove 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Liquor that descends from Jove it truly chears and refreshes the Spirits and cures Men of their Madness and Intoxication Amongst all the Gods they say Bacchus and Ceres deserve most to be honour'd by Mankind because they were by their good Inventions most benefited For he found out the most pleasant Drink and she the most strengthening Food They report that there was another Bacchus or Dionysus much ancienter than this the Son of Jupiter and Proserpina call'd by some Sabazius at whose Birth Dionysus Sabazius Sacreds and Sacrifices were celebrated in secret and in the Night by reason of the filthy Commixtures that were then among them It 's said he was of a very sharp Wit and was the first that taught how to yoke Oxen and by them how to Plow and Sow the Ground whence they feign him to have Horns They say likewise that the †Dionysus of Thebes Son of Semele was of later times of a slender and delicate shape of Body and most comly Feature exceeding Amorous and addicted to the Sports of Venus That he carry'd about with him multitudes of Women in his Army furnish'd with Launces wrapt about with all sorts of Flowers And that the Muses attended him in his Expedition Virgins excellently learn'd who by their melodious Singing Dancing and other pleasant Diversions exceedingly delighted the God Selenus it s said was his Master his Fauster Father and Associate in his Wars 〈◊〉 and was an excellent Instructor and Teacher and contributed much to the improvement of Bacchus in Virtue and the advancement of his Reputation and Honour In the time of Battel he was furnish'd with warlike Weapons and a Coat of Mail cover'd with a Panther's Skin in time of Peace when he celebrated Solemn Festivals and came into the General Assemblies he was cloathed with splendid and delicate Apparel and to prevent the Head-ach by drinking of too much Wine he wore a Mitre upon his Head and was call'd * The Miter Wearer Mitrophorus This gave occasion to Kings afterwards to wear Diadems They say he was call'd †Bimater one of Two Mothers Bimater because both Dionysus's had one Father but several Mothers but the Younger succeeded the Elder in the like remarkable Actions and therefore Posterity through ignorance of the Truth and being both had one and the same Name concluded that there was but one Dionysus They attribute to him the carrying of a Rod for the Reasons following When Wine was first found out it was drunk pure not mix'd with Water so that in many Meetings and solemn Festivals many times Men drunk to that P. 149. Excess that they grew Mad and Furious and beat one another with Clubs and Staves insomuch as some were grievously wounded and others were kill'd at which Dionysus was much offended and though he did not altogether forbid the drinking of unmixt Wine because it was so pleasant and delicious yet instead of Clubs he order'd the use of Wanns and small Rods. Men have given him many Sirnames according to the several Acts or Circumstances of his Life For he 's call'd Bacchaeus from the * 〈◊〉 bowling or Mourning Women Bacchae that accompany'd him Leneus from pressing of the Grapes at the †Lonos a Wine-press Iyrigene Winepress Bromeus or Thunderer because of the Crash of Thunder that was at the time of his Birth and for the same Reason he was call'd * Fireborn He was sirnam'd likewise Thriambus because he was the first of whom ever any mention was made that Triumph'd when he return'd loaden with many Spoils into his Country from his Indian Expedition Many other Names were assign'd him which would be both too tedious particularly to recite and likewise foreign from the Design of this History They held that he had two * Biformis Faces because there were two Dionysus's the ancient Dionysus who always wore a long Beard because all in ancient time let their Beards grow and this later Bacchus who was a spruce young Man as we have before declar'd But some say that a double Countenance was assign'd him because of the two special Qualities wherewith Drunkards are affected being either raging mad or transported with Mirth They say likewise that he carry'd Satyrs along with him who by their dancing and skipping in his Sports and Plays made the God exceeding merry To conclude as the Muses pleas'd and delighted him with the Knowledge of the liberal Sciences so the Satyrs with their Tricks and antick and ridiculous Gestures and Actions compleated the Happiness and Comfort of his Life It 's reported likewise he invented Plays and set up Theaters and instituted Musick Schools and freed all Musicians that went along with him in his Expeditions from publick Taxes and hence it is that Posterity after the Example of Dionysus have created Societies of Musicians and decreed that all of that Profession should be free But that we may keep within due Bounds we shall here put an end to our Discourse concerning Bacchus and his Actions in Ancient times And now since what is anciently reported of Priapus is as we conceive pertinent to this History of Bacchus we shall here proceed to give an Account of him The Ancients feign that Priapus was the Son of Bacchus and Venus induc'd thereunto by a probable Argument which is this That when Men are drunk they are naturally prone to Venery and some say that when the ancient Mythologists would name a Man's Yard they call'd it Priapus and therefore that the privy Parts because they are the Instruments of Generation and support the constant and continual Succession of Mankind have receiv'd divine Honour The Egyptians tell this Story concerning Priapus They say that the Titanes in ancient times treacherously assassinated Osiris and divided his Members into equal Parts and that every one privately carry'd away a Part out of the Palace only his privy Members they threw into the River because none would meddle with them But Isis they say after a diligent Inquiry made concerning the Murder of her Husband and having reveng'd his Death upon the Titanes by conjoyning his dismember'd Parts reduc'd them to a humane Shape and deliver'd the Body to the Priests to be bury'd and commanded that Osiris should be ador'd as a God P. 150. and appointed the Shape of his privy Member which only was wanting and could not be found to be set up as a
sacred Relict in the Temple and to be honour'd likewise as a Deity And these are the Things which the ancient Egyptians feign concerning the Original and divine Worship of Priapus Some call this God Ithyphallus others Typhon He 's not only worshipp'd in the Temples in the Cities but in the Fields and Villages where he is reputed the Guardian and Keeper of their Vineyards and Orchards and say that if any steal their Goods he inflicts Punishment upon them for it This God is not only honour'd in the Festivals of Bacchus but in all other sacred Solemnities where with Sport and Ridicule his Image is presented to the View of all They feign likewise that Hermaphroditus had the like Original who being sprung Hermaphroditus from * Mercury Hermes and †Venus Aphrodita was from their two Names joyn'd together so call'd Some say that this Hermaphroditus is a God who at some certain times appears to Men and is naturally both Man and Woman in Beauty and Slenderness of his Body he represents a Woman but in Strength and manly Countenance a Man Others account these Births for Monsters which being but rare portend sometimes both Good and Bad by turns but enough of these Here it 's fit to say something of the Muses of whom some mention is made in Muses the History of Bacchus Most of the Writers of Antiquities and those of greatest Authority say they were the Daughters of Jupiter and †Memory Mnemosyne Some few of the Poets among whom is Alcman say they were the Issue of * Coelum Coelus and †Terra Heaven Earth Terra They differ likewise about their Number for some reckon three others nine but the Number Nine by the Authority of the most famous Authors such as Homer Hesiod and some others of the like Esteem has prevail'd before all others For thus says Homer 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Muses Nine with Voices sweet do cant Hesiod likewise summs up their Names in these Verses 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Clio Thalia and Melpomene Likewise Erato and Terpsichore Polymnia Urania Euterpe And one beyond them all Calliope To each of these they attribute their peculiar Art in particular sorts of Sciences as poetical Harmony Dancing Singing Astrology and the rest of the liberal Arts. They are said by most to be Virgins because liberal Sciences seem to be uncorrupt and virtuous Qualifications They are call'd Muses from the Greek Word Myein which signifies the teaching of things commendable and profitable and such as are unknown to them that are instructed They apply likewise to each a particular Reason of their several Names Clio they say is so call'd because she advances Mens Names to the Skies in assisting the Poets to resound their Praise Euterpe because she delights her Auditors with wholesom and commendable Instructions Thalia from the constant Glory and Honour that attends upon Learning Melpomene is so call'd from Melody by which means she insinuates her self with Delight into the Minds of Men. Terpsichore because she delights her Scholars with those Pleasures that result from Learning Erato because she procures Love and Respect to Learned Men from all Polymnia from the many Hymns whereby she advances the Renown of her Poets and crowns their Names with immortal Praise and Glory Urania because those that are taught and improv'd by her are even lifted up to Heaven Lastly Calliope from the Sweetness of her Voice that is her elegant P. 151. Language and exact Composures of her Verse whereby she gains the general Applause of her Learned Auditors Having treated sufficiently of these Matters we shall now bend our Discourse to the things done by Hercules Hercules I am not ignorant that those that write of the Actions of the Ancients especially of the Acts of Hercules meet with many Difficulties for of all the great Actions that ever were done in the World those of Hercules far exceed all that ever have been recorded A most difficult Task therefore it is to give such an Account of what this Hero did as may be agreeable to the Worth and Dignity of his Actions or to frame such a Discourse as may equalize the Greatness of them for which he attain'd to a State of Immortality For in as much as things that are ancient and unusual are judg'd incredible by most it s absolutely necessary though with the Diminution of this God's Glory to omit some of his Acts lest by relating all the whole History be rejected as fabulous For some unreasonably expect as clear Evidence for things that are ancient as for those done in our own Age and judge of the Greatness of Actions which makes them seem incredible according to the Rule of things done in the present time and judge of the Strength of Hercules according to the weak Measure of Mens Strength now And so by reason of the Greatness and Strangeness of things related History suffers in its Credit and Reputation But in * In Mythologies old Stories the Truth ought not to be search'd into too critically and punctually For in the Plays and Theaters tho' we do not believe for certain that there ever were such Creatures as Centaurs or Creatures of a double Nature of several Species's nor such a one as Geryon that had three Bodies yet we favourably receive and entertain those Fables and with a general Applause advance the Honour of the * That is Hercules who carry'd away Geryon's Oxen. God How unjust is it then that Men should forget the Labours of Hercules while he was here upon Earth Whereby he did Good to all the World and instead of rendring him his due Praises to calumniate him whom our Ancestors with unanimous Consent for his eminent Virtue honour'd with divine Honours And what can be more impious than not to preserve and defend that Religious Respect to this God which they by their Example have recommended to us But letting these things pass we shall relate the things done by him from the beginning according as the Poets and the most ancient Mythologists have handed them down to us Perseus they say was the Son of Jupiter by Danae the Daughter of Acrisius and that Perseus begat Electryo of Andromeda the Daughter of Cepheus and that Electryo begat Alcmenes of Eurydice the Daughter of Pelops and that Jupiter deceiving Alcmenes lay with her and begat Hercules So that by this Genealogy Hercules descended from the chiefest of the Gods both immediately by his Mother and more remotely by his Great-Grand-Father Perseus His Virtue and Valour were not only evident from his Acts but might be concluded and foreseen by what happen'd before he was born For when Jupiter lay with Alcmenes he lengthen'd the Night threefold so that spending so much time in procreating this Child was a Sign how extraordinary strong he was like to be They say that Jupiter lay not with her out of any
gratify'd him so far as to suffer him to carry back his Wife along with him that dy'd a little before In like manner they say Bacchus hereupon rais'd his Mother Semele from the Shades below and enduing her with Immortality surnam'd her Thyone Having now done with this Digression relating to Orpheus we return to Hercules When he enter'd the Infernal Regious the Mythologists say Proserpina kindly receiv'd him as her Brother and gave him liberty to loose Theseus and Perithous from their Chains and at length contrary to the Expectations of all Men brought up the * Cerberus Dog ty'd in his Chain and presented him to open view The last Labour injoin'd him was to fetch away the Golden Apples of the 12th Labour The Hesperian Apples Hesperides to which purpose he pass'd over a Second time into Africa The Mythologists vary in their Writings concerning this for some affirm that there were really golden Apples in some of the Gardens of the Hesperides guarded continually by a terrible Dragon Others say that there are Sheep of exquisite beauty in the Hesperides and that from thence they are Poetically call'd Golden Apples as Venus from her Beauty is call'd Golden Venus Others will have it that the Fleeces upon the Sheep's Backs are of that admirable Colour that they glitter like Gold and thence have been so call'd And by the Dragon they understand the Shepherd of the Flocks who being a Man of a strong Body and stout Heart preserv'd the Flocks and kill'd the Thieves that attempted to steal them But let every one judge of this matter as he thinks best himself For Hercules kill'd the Keeper and brought away the Apples or Sheep which soever they were to Eurystheus trusting now that since all his Tasks were perform'd according to the Oracle of Apollo he should be rewarded with Immortality CHAP. II. An Account of Atlas and his Daughters call'd Atlantides and Hesperides The Amazons routed by Theseus in Attica The further Acts of Hercules he goes against Leomedon King of Troy and other Acts. The Story of Meleager Son of King Oeneus Amalthea's Horn. Hercules his further Acts. His Death by a poyson'd Shirt BUT we are not to omit what is said of Atlas and the Original of the Hesperides In the Country call'd Hesperis liv'd Two famous Brothers Hesperus Atlas and Atlas They were possess'd of most lovely Sheep of a Ruddy and Golden Colour for which cause the Poets in their Phrase call'd them * Melon in Greek signifie both a Sheep and an Apple Golden Apples Hesperis the Daughter of Hesperus was married to his Brother Atlas whence the Country was call'd Hesperis by her Atlas had Seven Daughters which from their Father were call'd Atlantides and from their Mother Hesperides Busiris King of Egypt having a great desire to injoy these Virgins by reason of their extraordinary Beauty sent out some Pirates with Orders to seize these Ladies and bring them away to him P. 163. About this time Hercules being imploy'd in his †Second last Labour kill'd Anteus in Lybia who compell'd those Strangers that came into his Country to wrestle with him and inflicted condign Punishment upon Busiris in Egypt who sacrific'd all Strangers that arriv'd there to Jupiter Afterward passing over the River Nile he came into Ethiopia and kill'd Ematheon the Ethiopian King who had challeng'd him to a Battel And then he again set upon the Task injoin'd him In the mean time the Thieves hurried away the Girls out of a Garden where they were Playing and in great haste got to their Ships whom Hercules met with upon a certain Shoar where they were refreshing themselves and being inform'd by the Virgins of the Rape he kill'd all the Thieves but deliver'd the Girls to Atlas their Father for which Kindness he was so grateful that he not only readily assisted him with what things were needful for the accomplishment of what he had then in hand but willingly taught him the Art of Astrology For he bestowed much of his Care and Pains in the Study of this Art and because he had a curiously wrought Sphear of the Stars he was said to carry the whole World upon his Shoulders In the like manner Hercules tranferring the Doctrine of the Spheres to the Greeks gain'd a Name as he that from Atlas took upon himself the burden of the whole World The Greeks darkly signifying thereby what then happened betwixt him and Atlas While Hercules was thus imploy'd they say those Amazons that were left gather'd Amazons routed by Theseus all in a Body from all Parts of the Nation to the River Thermodon with a Design to revenge themselves upon the Grecians for the Losses they sustain'd by Hercules and they bore a particular grudge and hatred to the Athenians because that Theseus carry'd away Captive Antiope or as others write Hippolytes Queen of the Amazons Being therefore join'd with the Scythians as their Confederates they rais'd a great Army with which the Amazonian Leaders passing over the Cimerian Bosphorus marcht through Thrace and pierc'd through a great part of Europe and incamp'd at length in Attica at a Place which from them is now call'd the Amazonian Field Theseus having intelligence of their Approach marcht out against them with an Army rais'd from among the Citizens taking along with him Antiope by whom he had now his Son Hippolytus Battel being join'd those with Theseus through the Valour of the Athenians won the day and slew part of the Amazons upon the spot and drave all the rest out of Attica There Antiope in the defence of her Husband fought bravely and dy'd in Battel like a Hero Those Amazons that remain'd despairing ever to recover their Country went away with the Seythians their Confederates into Seythia and there seated themselves â—at having spoke sussiciently of these we return to Hercules who having now finish'd all his Labours was told by the Oracle that it was a thing very necessary that before he was translated to the Gods he should plant a Colony in Sardâ—nia and make his Sons of the Stock of the Thespiadae Governors of the Island He therefore with his Nephew Iolaus pass'd over thither with the Boys because they were yet very Young Here we think it convenient to premise something concerning the Birth of these young Boys that we may more clearly give an account of the Colony Thespis was of the most noble Family among the Athenians the Son of â—râ—â—theus and Prince of a Territory so call'd from him He had of many Wives Fifty Daughters This Thespis being desirous that his Daughters should have Issue by Hercules who was as yet but very Young but of strength of Body beyond the usual course of Nature at that Age invited him to a sacred Festival and there nobly entertain'd him and sent for his Daughters severally one after another Hercules lay with them all and got them with Child and so became both a Husband of Fifty Wives and a Father
of his Age and full Strength and not inferiour to any for Valour associated himself with many other Gallants to hunt this Boar. He being the first that wounded the Beast with his Dart by the general Consent of all carry'd away the Spoyl and Honour of the day which was the Boar's Skin Atalanta the Daughter of Echeneus was one of his Associates in this Hunting and therefore Meleager being much in Love with her presented her with the Skin attributing to her the Glory of the Action But the Sons of Thestius his Fellow-hunters took it most hainously that a Stranger should be preferr'd before them and no regard be had to the Nearness of Kindred that was between them and Meleager To defeat her therefore of Meleager's Gift they lay in wait for her and fell upon her in her return to Arcadia and took away the Skin by Force But Meleager for the Love he bore to Atalanta being much troubled at the Affront and Disgrace offer'd her took upon him the Defence of her Cause and at first advis'd the Aggressors to restore what they had violently taken away But when he could not prevail he slew them They were the Brothers of Althea his Mother who so immoderately griev'd for their Deaths that she pour'd out most heavy Curses against her Son and wish'd the Gods would cut him off who heard her Prayer and kill'd him Some there be that feign that when Meleager was Ovid. 8. Meta. born the Destinies appear'd to Althea in her Dream and foretold that Meleager her Son should dye when a Brand that was then in the Fire should be consum'd His Mother therereupon conceiving the Life of her Son depended upon the Preservation of the Firebrand laid it up very carefully But being incens'd at the Death of her Brothers she threw it into the Fire and so hastned her Sons Death But afterwards repenting and grievously afflicted for what she had done * Ovid says she stab'd her self she hang'd her self In the mean time Hipponous in †Clenum a City in Achaia Olenum being incens'd at his Daughter Peribaea because she said she was with Child by Mars sent her to Oeneus in P. 168. Aetolia and desir'd him that he would forthwith put her to Death But he having lately lost both his Son and his Wife would not kill the Lady but marry'd her and begat of her Tydeus But let this suffice concerning Meleager Althea and Oeneus Hercules to gain the Favour of the Calydonians diverted the River * Vid. Ovid. Vid. Strabo It had two Mouths representing two Horns one of which was dam'd up by Hercules the Stream roars like a wild Bull. Achelous into another Channel which he cut for it and by that means water'd a great Part of the Country and made it exceeding fruitful which gave Occasion to the Poetical Fables that Hercules fought with †The Son of Oceanus and Terra fought with Hercules for Deianira the Daughter of Oeneus and finding himself too weak transform'd himself into a Bull. Vid. Ovid and Strabo Achelous transform'd into the Shape of a Bull and in the Conflict cut off one of his Horns and gave it to the Aetolians This they call Amalthea's Horn in which the Poets feign grow all manner of Summer-fruit as Grapes Apples and such like By the Horn they darkly signify the new Course of the River Achelous bending like a Horn through the other Channel By the Apples Pomegranates and Grapes they denote the Fruitfulness of the Soyl water'd by the River and the Plenty of fruitful Plants By terming it * Amalt 〈…〉 Horn they signify'd the Strength of him that cut the Ditch Afterwards Hercules assisted the Calydonians in the War against the Thesâ—rot and took the City Ephyra by Storm and slew their King Phileus and lying with his Daughter who was his Prisoner on her he begat Tlepolemus The Third Year after his Marriage to Deianira Eurynomus the Son of Architelus then a young Boy serving Oeneus at Table Hercules for some small Mistake in his Attendance gave him such a Box on the Ear that much against his Will he kill'd the poor Boy for which Misfortune he was so griev'd that with his Wife Deianira and Hyllus his Son by her who was then a young Child he voluntarily banish'd himself out of Calydonia In his Journey when he came to the Banks of the River Euenus he found Nessus the Centaur who carry'd People over the Ford for Hire Deianira being the first that he carry'd over the Centaur fell in Love with her for her Beauty and attempted to ravish her whereupon she cry'd out for Help to her Husband who presently shot him through the Body with an Arrow The Centaur through the Grievousness of his Wound dy'd in the very Act of his Rape only had time to teil her that for the great Love he bore her he would teach her a * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Receipt for the procuring of Love by Force whereof Hercules should never after be familiar with any other Woman besides her self and that was that she should anoint Hercules his under Garment with the Blood that issu'd from his Wound mixt together with Oyl and some of his Seed that fell from him and having thus said he immediatly breath'd out his last Deianira observ'd what Directions he had given her and mixing the Seed of Nessus with his Blood which dropt from the Arrow kept it privately in a little Box for Hercules Hercules having pass'd the River went to Ceyces King of Trachinia and dwelt with him as a Stranger ever accompany'd with the Arcadians as his Fellow-soldiers and Associates After these things Philas King of the Dryopi being accus'd for some Act of Impiety against the Temple of Delphos Hercules with the Assistance of the Melienses took up Arms against him and both kill'd him and cast the Dryopi out of their ancient Habitations and gave their Country to the Melienses On his Captive the Daughter of Philas he begat Antiochus Besides Hyllus he had afterwards other Children by Deianira Gryneus or Gleneus and Hodites Some of the Dryopi that were driven out of their Country passed over to Eubaea and there built the City Carystus Others of them sayl'd into the Island Cyprus and gain'd new Seats and became one People with the Inhabitants the rest fled to Eurystheus who in P. 169. Hatred of Hercules receiv'd them into his Protection and they with his Assistance built three Cities in Peloponesus Asine Hermione and Eione After the Expulsion of the Dryopi a War broke forth between the Doreans which inhabited Hestiaetes in the Reign of Aegimius and the Lapithae the Inhabitants of Mount Olympus whose King was Coronus the Son of Phoroneus But the Lapithae being much stronger than the other the Doreans crav'd the Assistance of Hercules and promis'd him the third Part of the Kingdom upon which Terms they prevail'd with him to joyn with them as their Confederate With their joint Forces
the Paeans when they are just ready to charge the Enemy The Iberians especially the Lusitanians are singular in one thing that they do for those that are young and prest with â—ant but yet are strong and couragious get together upon the Tops of the Mountains and furnish themselves with Arms and having made up a considerable Body make Incursions into Iberia and heap up Riches by Thieving and Robbery and this is their constant Practice in despite of all hazard whatsoever for being lightly arm'd and nimble of Foot they are not easily surpriz'd And indeed steep and craggy Mountains are to P. 216. them as their natural Country and to these they fly for shelter because there 's no way in those Places for great Armies to pass And therefore though the Romans often set upon them and in some measure have curb'd them yet they were never able wholly to put an end to their Thieving and Robbing Having related what concerns the Iberians we conceive it not impertinent to say something of their Silver Mines For almost all this Country is full of such Mines whence is dug very good and pure Silver from whence those that deal in that Mettal gain exceeding great Profit And in the former Book we have spoken of the Pyrenean Mountains in Iberia when we treated of the Acts and Atchievements of Hercules These are the highest and greatest of all others for from the South-Sea almost as far as to the Northern Ocean they divide Gall from Iberia and Celtiberia running out for the space of * About 400 Miles Three Thousand Furlongs These Places being full of Woods and thick of Trees it 's reported that in ancient time this Mountainous Tract was set on Fire by some Shepherds which continuing burning for many Days together whence the Mountains were call'd †Pyrenean the parch'd Superficies of the Earth swet abundance of Silver and †Signifying Fiery in Greek the Ore being melted the Metal flow'd down in Streams of pure Silver like a River the use whereof being unknown to the Inhabitants the Phaenician Merchants bought it for Trifles given for it in Exchange and by transporting it into Greece Asia and all other Nations greatly inricht themselves and such was their Covetousness that when they had fully loaded their Ships and had much more Silver to bring Aboard they cut off the Lead from their Anchors and made use of Silver instead of the other The Phaenicians for a long time using this Trade and so growing more and more wealthy sent many Colonies into Sicily and the Neighbouring Islands and at length into Africa and Sardinia But a long time after the Iberians coming to understand the nature of the Metal sunk many large Mines whence they dug an infinite quantity of pure Silver as never was the like almost in any other place of the World whereby they gain'd exceeding great Wealth and Revenues The manner of working in these Mines and ordering the Metal among the Iberians is thus there being extraordinary rich Mines in this Country of Gold as well as Silver and Brass the Labourers in the Brass take a Fourth part of the pure Brass dug up to their own use and the common Labourers in Silver have an Euboick Talent for their Labour in Three Days time for the whole Soil is full of solid and shining Oar so that both the nature of the Ground and the industry of the Workmen is admirable At the first every common Person might dig for this Metal and in regard the Silver Ore was easily got ordinary Men grew very rich But after that Iberia came into the Hands of the Romans the Mines were manag'd by a throng of Italians whose Covetousness loaded them with abundance of Riches for they bought a great number of Slaves and deliver'd them to the Task-masters and Overseers of the Mines These Slaves open the P. 217. Mouths of the Mines in many Places where digging deep into the Ground are found Massy Clods of Earth full of Gold and Silver and in sinking both in length and depth they carry on their Works in undermining the Earth many Furlongs distance the Workmen every way here and there making Galleries under Ground and bringing up all the Massy Pieces of Ore whence the Profit and Gain is to be had even out of the lowest Bowels of the Earth There 's a great difference between these Mines and those in Atâ—ica for besides the Labour they that search there are at great Cost and Charge and besides are often frustrated of their hopes and sometimes lose what they had found so that they seem to be unfortunate to a Proverb But those in Iberia that deal in Mines according to their Expectations are greatly inricht by their Labours for they succeed at their very first sinking and afterwards by reason of the extraordinary richness of the Soyl they find more and more resplendent Veins of Ore full of Gold and Silver for the whole Soil round about is interlac'd on every hand with these Metals Sometimes at a great depth they meet with Rivers under-ground but by Art give a check to the violence of their Current for by cutting of Trenches under ground they divert the Stream and being sure to gain what they aim at when they have begun they never leave till they have sinished it and to admiration they pump out those Floods of Water with those Instruments call'd Aegyptian Pumps invented by Archimedes the Syracusian when Aegyptian Cochleans he was in Egypt By these with constant pumping by turns they throw up the Water to the Mouth of the Pit and by this means drain the Mine dry and make the Place fit for their Work For this Engin is so ingeniously contriv'd that a vast Quantity of Water is strangely with little Labour cast out and the whole Flux is thrown up from the very bottom to the Surface of the Earth The Ingenuity of this Artist is justly to be admir'd not only in these Pumps Archimedes but in many other far greater things for which he is famous all the World over of which we shall distinctly give an exact narration when we come to the time wherein he liv'd Now though these Slaves that continue as so many Prisoners in these Mines incredibly inrich their Masters by their Labours yet toyling Night and Day in these Golden Prisons many of them by being over-wrought dye under Ground For they have no rest nor intermission from their Labours but the Task-masters by Stripes force them to intollerable hardships so that at length they dye most miserably Some that through the Strength of their Bodies and vigour of their Spirits are able to endure it continue a long time in those Miseries whose Calamities are such that Death to them is far more eligible than Life Since these Mines afforded such wonderful Riches it may be greatly admir'd that none appear to have been sunk of later Times But in answer hereunto the Covetousness of the Carthaginians when they were
or possess'd with fear lest Imilcar should slip into the Town when the Souldiers were gone forth would not stir but commanded the Souldiers to abide within the Town by which means they that fled came safe into the Camp But Daphneus march'd forward and incamp'd in the place where the Enemy before lay to whom flockt presently the Souldiers out of the Town with Dexippus and forthwith a Council of War was held where all shew'd themselves very uneasie and discontented that the opportunity was neglected in taking full Revenge of the Conquer'd Ant. Chr. 40. Barbarians and that their Officers when they might have so easily destroy'd them by a Sally out of the Town had suffer'd so many Ten Thousands clearly to escape Hereupon a Tumult arising in the Assembly with a great noise and clamour one Menes a Camarinean one of the Officers stood up and accused the Commanders of Agrigentum to such a degree that he so exasperated the whole Assembly that they that were accus'd could not be heard to speak for themselves but Four of them were out of hand ston'd by the inraged Multitude The Fifth call'd Argeus in favour of his Youth was discharged Dexippus likewise the Lacedemonian was ill spoken of that he who was General of so considerable a Body of Men and ever esteem'd a Man more expert in Martial Affairs than most others should carry it so basely and treacherously After the Council was broke up Daphneus endeavour'd to force the Carthaginians Camp but discerning it to be excellently well Fortify'd drew off Then he blockt up all the Passages with his Horse intercepted the Forragers and prevented all Provision being brought in to the Enemy whereby they were reduc'd to great straits and necessities for not daring to ingage and yet in the mean time starving for want of Bread their Misery was the greater and many were famish'd to Death Upon this the Campanians and almost all the rest of the Mercenaries in a Body came to Imilcar's Tent to demand their allowance of Bread and threatned to fall off to the Enemy if they had it not But Imilcar being inform'd that the Syracusians had loaded their Ships with abundance of Corn for Agrigentum upon which he rely'd as his last shift persuaded the Souldiers to be patient Ant. Chr. 403. a few Days and in the mean time pawn'd to them the drinking Vessels of the Carthaginian Souldiers Hereupon he sent for Forty Gallies from Panormus and Motya and lay in wait for the Ships that brought the Provision For the Syracusians never suspected the Carthaginians durst appear at Sea being now Winter and who had some time before lost their Power and Dominion there Therefore sailing on with great assurance they were on a sudden attack'd by Imilcar with Forty Sail who presently sunk Eight of their Ships and drave the rest upon the Shoar All which being thus taken the Scene of Affairs was so chang'd on both sides that the Campanians that were with the Agrigentines P. 379. perceiving the desperate Condition of the Grecians corrupted with Fifteen Talents fell away to the Carthaginians Besides the Agrigentines at the beginning of the Siege when things went ill with the Carthaginians were very profuse and prodigal both in their Corn and other things and therefore when the Affairs of the Barbarians were much alter'd to their advantage the Besieg'd being so many Thousands penn'd up together were insensibly and by degrees brought into great want It 's reported that Dexippus the Lacedemonian also was brib'd with Fifteen Talents for he on a sudden told the Italian Commanders that it was better to withdraw and carry on the War in some other Place for here they were likely to be starv'd The Officers therefore considering of Ant. Chr. 403. what he had said march'd away with the Army to the Sea as if now the time limited by their Commissions had been determin'd After their departure the Generals with the other Officers met in a Council of War and ordered that an Account should be taken what Provision was left in the City and when a Return was made of the Scarcity they saw it was absolutely necessary to quit the Place whereupon they commanded all to be ready to be gone the next Night Upon this there was a lamentable out-cry The lamentable Condition of the Inhabitants of Agrigentum in every House throughout the whole City of Men Women and Children being in a distraction through fear and dread of the Enemy on the one hand and care of their Goods and Estates on the other which now they must be forc'd in a great measure to leave to the Rapine of the Barbarians and as an aggravation being those very things wherein a little before they plac'd their happiness However at length seeing that Fortune had stript them of all their Riches they judg'd it was wisdom to do what they could to save their Lives Then might be seen not only the mighty wealth of a flourishing City forsaken but also a multitude of miserable People left behind for those that were sick and infirm were disregarded by them of their own Family whilst every one sought to preserve himself and those that through Old Age could not remove were in the like condition Many that preferr'd Death before the Ant. Chr. 403. leaving of their Country kill'd themselves chusing rather to dye in their own Houses But that multitude of People that did go forth were guarded by the Souldiers to Gela so that all the Ways and Country towards Gela swarm'd with a promiscuous multitude of Women and Children amongst whom were young Ladies who though they had now chang'd their former soft and delicate way of Living into the fatigues and sorrows of tedious Journeys yet being quickned and stirr'd up by fear bore all Difficulties with eminent Patience They all came at length safe to Gela and afterwards Leontium was given to them by the Syracusians to inhabit Imilcar entring the City with his Army not without some fear and jealousie Agirgentum taken by the Carthagineans kill'd almost all he found in it not sparing those that fled into the Temples for refuge but haling of them from the Altars slew them with great cruelty There it s said Gellias who was so eminent above the rest of his Countrymen in the greatness of his Wealth and integrity of his Conversation ended his Life with the Loss of his Country For he with some others fled to the Temple of Minerva hoping the Carthaginians would not commit any outrages against the Gods But when he perceiv'd the cursed Impiety of the Men he set Fire to the Temple and together with the Wealth that was there consecrated to the Gods burnt himself by one act preventing Three Evils as he conceiv'd the Impiety of Gellias burns himself in the Temple the Enemy against the Gods the Rapine and Plunder of the vast Treasure that was there and that which was the greatest the abuse of his own Body Imilcar having spoil'd
together from Peloponesus and their Confederates next adjoyning Ant. Chr. 403. pass'd over to Ephesus and fitted out a Fleet which he sent for from Chios Then he goes to Cyrus the Son of Darius and receives from him a great Sum of Mony for A cruel Sedition at Miletus Payment of the Army Cyrus being sent for by his Father into Persia intrusts the Management of the Affairs of his Provinces to Lysander and commands all the Tribute The Feast of Bachus Vsher's Annal. 161. to be pay'd to him who being now fully supply'd with all things necessary for the War returns to Ephesus At this Time some in Miletus that favour'd an Oligarchy by the help of the Lacedemonians abolish'd the Democracy And to that End in the beginning of the Sedition when the Dionysian Festivals were celebrated forty that were the Greatest Enemies against their Faction were surpriz'd in their Houses and murther'd Afterwards observing their Opportunity when the Forum was full of People they cut off the Heads of 300 of the Richest of the Citizens In the mean time above 1000 of the most Considerable Persons of Quality who were for the Democracy afraid of the Present imminent Danger fled to Pharnabasus the Persian Lord-Lieutenant who receiv'd them very courteously and bestow'd upon every one a * Worth 15 Shill English Stater of Gold and order'd †The Island mention'd Acts 27. 16. Vsh An. 161. Clauda a Castle of Claudia for their Residence Lysander with a great Navy making for ‖ This is said to be mistaken for Caramium a Bay in Caria for that Thasus is an Isle and lies far off and was taken some time after Vsh Ann. 160. Aemil. Probus in the Life of Lysand Thasus a City of Caria in League with the Athenians takes it by Storm and puts all the Men to the number of 800 to the Sword and sold all the Women and Children for Slaves and raz'd the City to the Ground After this he sail'd to Attica and many other Places but did nothing memorable Therefore we have nothing to write further concerning these Matters The Sum of all is having taken Lampsatus he dismiss'd the Athenian Garrison there and sent them Home and after he had ‡ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sub hasta vendidit Ant. Ch. 404. plunder'd the City restor'd it to the Inhabitants The Athenian Admirals having Intelligence that the Lacedemonians had besieg'd Lampsacus with all their Forces got together all their Fleet from every place and with all speed made for Lampsacus with an hundred and fourscore Sail but hearing that it was taken they Anchor'd at †In the Strait of the Hellespont Aegos Potamos and there lay Not long after they weigh'd Anchor and made out against the Enemy and dar'd them every Day to a Battle but when the Peloponesians would not stir the Athenians began to consider what was best to be done for that they could not stay long there with the Fleet. Hereupon Alcibiades came to them and assur'd them that Medocus and Seuthes Kings of the Thracians who were his special Friends had offer'd him a great Army if he would fight against the Lacedemonians and therefore if he might have some share in the Command he ingag'd either to force the Lacedemonians to sight at Sea or to fight them at Land by an Army out of Thrace This Alcibiades did to evidence how great his desire was to procure some Eminent Advantage to his Country and by fresh Service to regain their former good Opinion of him But the Athenian Commanders Ant. Chr. 403. concluded that if matters fell out ill all the Blame would be laid upon them and if well Alcibiades would reap all the Honour of the Victory Therefore they order'd him to withdraw and not to come near the Army for the future The Enemy still avoiding a Fight and Provision growing scarce in the Army Philocles The Surprize of the Athenians at Aegos Potamos Egos or Potamos who commanded that day order'd the rest of the Officers of the Fleet to ship their Men and follow him who having thirty Sail in readiness forthwith loos'd out of the Harbour Lysander having Intelligence of this by some Deserters makes out to Sea with his whole Navy puts Philocles to Flight and sails up to the rest of the Athenian Fleet. Hereupon the Athenians which lay there in regard they had but few of their Men on Board were all in a great Fear and Consternation through the unexpected Approach of the Enemy Lysander therefore understanding the Confusion and Disorder of his Enemy's Fleet commanded Etonicus on Shoar with the Land-Army who P. 389. forthwith being now landed judg'd it highly necessary to improve the present Opportunity and therefore suddainly forces into part of the Enemy's Camp And Lysander himself coming up with all his Fleet well Man'd and provided hal'd as many of the Athenian Vessels as there were in the Harbour with Grappling-Irons to the Shoar Upon this the Athenians were so amaz'd and struck with such a suddain astonishment Ant. Chr. 40◠not having time either to make out to Sea with their Ships or to form themselves into a Body at Land so that after a short Resistance they turn'd their Backs Hereupon some forsook their Ships others fled out of the Camp every one seeking where he could best preserve himself Scarce ten of all the Commanders and Officers of the Fleet escap'd amongst whom was Conon who not daring to return to Athens out of fear of the People fled to Evagoras Prince of Cyprus his special góod Friend Many of the Souldiers fled by Land to Sestos Lysander possess'd himself of all the rest of the Fleet and took Philocles one of the Generals prisoner and carry'd him to Lampsacus where he put him to death Then he commanded Messengers to Lacedemon The total Rout of the Athenians at Aegos Potamos to carry the News of the Victory and order'd one of the Best of the Gallies to transport 'em magnificently adorning it with the Arms and Spoils taken from the Enemy Next he march'd with his whole Army to Sestos in pursuit of those that fled thither took the City and dismiss'd the Athenians upon Terms From thence he sail'd with all speed to Samos and forthwith prepares to besiege the City but sent away Gylippus he who so eminently assisted the Syracusians at Sea to Sparta with fifteen Ant. Chr. 403. hundred Talents of Silver besides the Spoils The Mony was made up in little Bags and to every Bag was fix'd a * A little Thong of Parchment wrapt about a Staff and then taken off which would agree exactly with another Staff at Sparta when it was lapt about it and so the Letters could be read Seytale upon which was written the Sum of Mony therein contain'd Gylippus being ignorant of what was done unties the Bags and takes out three hundred Talents but his Theft being discover'd to the Ephori by the Scytales he
Macedonia but the King of Macedon being join'd with the Deserters brought his Forces presently to Larissa Ant. Ch. 367. and so prevented him When he came there the Citizens open'd the Gates to him and so he became Master of all but the Castle which he afterwards took by Force The The City Cranon likewise surrendr'd to him and he promis'd to restore all the Cities to He 's caus'd to Fly by assistance from the Macedonian King the Thessalians But afterwards not valuing his Word or Honour he Garrison'd them and detain'd them all in his own hands But Alexander the Pherean in a great Fright Fled to the City Pherea And this was then the Condition of Thessaly CHAP. VII The Lacedaemonians send Polytropus into Arcadia who is Slain and his Party Routed by Lycomedes An Invasion by Epaminondas and Pelopidas into Peloponnesus Sparta Besieg'd The Antiquity and History of Messina in Greece Pallane taken by the Arcadians A Wall drawn between Cenchrea and Lecheum to hinder the Thebans Inroad into Peloponnesus Epaminondas breaks through into Peloponnesus Assaults Corinth IN Peloponnesus in the mean time the Lacedemonians sent a Thousand heavy Arm'd Men of their own Citizens and Five hundred Deserters from Argos and Beotia into Arcadia under the Command of Polytropus who when he came to Orchomenon in Arcadia put a Garrison into it being a City that favour'd the Spartans But Lycomedes of Mantinea then Commander in Chief of the Arcadians with a Body of Men to the number The Mantenieans March against Orchomenon of Five thousand March'd against Orchomenon and upon their arrival the Lacedemonians drew out their Forces where happen'd a sharp Engagement in which the Lacedemonian General was slain and two hundred more with him The rest by the hot Pursuit of the Enemy were forc'd back into the City However tho' the Arcadians then got the Victory yet they so far fear'd the power of Sparta that they durst not depend upon their own strength in Contending with the Lacedemonians and therefore taking into their Confederacy the Argives and the Eleans they first sent Ambassadours to Athens to desire them to be their Consederates which being deny'd they then Address'd themselves to the Thebans for the same purpose Upon which the Beotians together with the Phocians and Locrians their Confederates drew out their Forces and March'd directly into Peloponnesus under the Command of Epaminondas and Pelopidas For all the other Beotarchs had willingly given up the sole and absolute Command of the Army to those two being Men eminent for Prudence and Valour Ant. Ch. 367. When they entred into the Confines of Arcadia they were met by all the Arcadians Eleans Argives and the rest of their Confederates And now they had an Army of above An Invasion into Peloponesus P. 490. Epaminondaâ— and Pelopidas Fifty thousand Men and after a Council of War had the Generals resolv'd to March forthwith to Sparta and to Wast and Spoil all the Country of Laconia But the Lacedemonians having lost the Flower and strength of their young Men in the Battle at Leuctra and many in several other Fights here and there were thereby reduc'd to a very small number of Fighting Men of their own Citizens And whereas some of their Confederates deserted and others were brought low by the same means as those before they knew not which way to turn themselves So that they were forc'd to seek for Aid The Lacedemonians seek for Aid of the Athenians and Assistance from them I mean the Athenians upon whom they had some time before Impos'd Thirty Tyrants and whose Walls they had Demolish'd and whose City they had decreed to Raze even to the Ground and lay it Open and Common with the rest of the Country for the grazing of Flocks and Herds But necessity has no Law and the Turns of Fortune are invincible through which the Lacedemonians were brought into that strait as to become Suppliants to their most Implacable Enemies for Relief However they were not deceiv'd in their hopes for such was the Brave and generous Spirits of the Athenians that they fear'd not the Power of the Thebans but decreed to Assist the Lacedemonians to the utmost they were able tho' they were now ready even to be swallow'd up and made perfect Slaves To this end they listed in one Day Twelve thousand lusty young Men and forthwith order'd Iphicrates the General to March away to the assistance Iphicrates sent to assist the Spartans Ant. Ch. 367. of the Spartans Accordingly having Men that were very forward he hasts away with a swift March Neither were the Lacedemonians less active or forward but now even when the Enemy were Encamp'd in the Borders of Laconia they March'd out of Sparta with all the Strength they could make which was but small yet with the same Courage and Valour as they had formerly done In the mean time Epaminondas his Army conceiving it very difficult to enter into the Enemies Country and therefore judging it was not convenient to attempt it with the whole Army together they resolv'd to divide their Forces into four Bodies and so to make the Attack in several Places at once The first March'd to the City * Rather Hellasia Sellatia and and drew off the Inhabitants of that Territory from the Lacedemonians The Argives who were in another Body upon their entrance into the Borders of Tageata Engag'd with a Guard that kept that pass and kill'd the Chief Officer Alexander a Spartan and Two hundred more of his Men amongst whom there were some Beotian Exiles The third Body in which were the Arcadians and most in number broke into the Country call'd Sciritis where Iscolas a Man of great Valour and Prudence kept Guard with a considerable Body of Men. This brave and gallant Commander perform'd an heroick Action worthy to be Recorded to all Posterity When he foresaw that both he The brave act of Ischolas and all those with him were sure every Man to be cut off by their Engaging with so great and unequal a number in the first place he lookt upon it as a dishonour to the Spartan Name to desert the Post assign'd him and yet judg'd it to be much for the Service and Advantage of his Country if he could preserve the Soldiers To the admiration therefore of his Valour he contriv'd a way how to answer the ends of both wherein he bravely Imitated the gallant Spirit of King Leonidas in former times at Thermopile For he sent away to Sparta the choicest of his Soldiers that were young and Ant. Ch. 361. lusty to the end they might be helpful to their Country in Fighting now all lay at Stake And he himself with those that were Old kept close together and in a brave defence slaughter'd multitudes of their Enemies but at length being surrounded and hem'd in by the Arcadians they were every Man of them cut off The fourth body of the Eleans having all places more
sent Ten Gallies full of Soldiers and Pay for them to Syracuse By these Supplies Timoleon took Heart and the Carthaginians were so discouraged and affrighted that very imprudently they sailed out of the Harbour and drew off their whole Army and marched away into their own Territories Hicetas being thus stripp'd of all Assistance Timoleon now stronger than the Citizens possessed himself of all Syracuse Presently after he received Messina who had sided with the Carthaginians into his Protection And this was the State of Sicily at the time In Macedonia Philip who bore an Hereditary Hatred against the Illyrians and had Philip invades the Illyrians with them an everlasting Controversy invaded their Country with a powerful Army and wasted and spoiled their Lands and after the taking of many Towns returned with rich Booty into Macedonia Afterwards making an Expedition into Thessaly he cast all the Tyrants out of the Cities and by this means gained the Hearts of the Thessalians For by gaining them to be his Allies he hoped easily to procure an Interest in all Greece and by the Issue it appeared so afterwards For the bordering Grecians presently in imitation of the Thessalians very readily entred into a League with Philip. Pythodorus was now Lord Chancellor of Athens and Caius Plautius and Titus Manlius Olymp. 109. 2. Ant. Ch. 341. An. M. 3605. Dionysius abdicates the Government executed the Consular Dignity at Rome At this time Dionysius being brought into extremity of Danger and in a terrible Fright was wrought upon by Timoleon to surrender the Castle and upon Condition of Abdicating the Government had Liberty safely to depart to Peloponnesus with all his Goods and Movables And thus he through Sloth and Cowardise lost this so eminent and famous a Principality bound fast as they used to term it with an Adamant and spent the rest of his Days * It 's said he kept a private School at Corinth till he was very old Just lib. 21. in a poor and mean Condition Whose change of Fortune and course of Life exhibit a clear Example to those who like Fools boast in the Times of Prosperity For he who a little before had Four hundred Gallies at Command not long after in a small Skiff was conveyed to Corinth and became a Spectacle to Admiration of a wonderful Change Timoleon having possessed himself of the Island and Castles lately held by Dionysius demolished all the Forts and Palaces of the Tyrants through the Island and freed all the Towns from the Garisons And continually employed himself in framing of Laws and instituted such as were most proper for the Administration of the Democracy And in his making such as related to private Contracts he had a special Regard to Equality and mutual Recompence Moreover he appointed a chief Magistrate to be Ant. Ch. 341. Yearly chosen whom the Syracusians call the * Servant of Jupiter Olympus Amphipolus of Jupiter Olympus and the first Amphipolus was Callimenes From hence arose the Custom amongst the Syracusians to note their Years with the respective Governments of these Magistrates which continues to this very time of writing this History and though the Frame of the Government be now chang'd For since the Romans imparted the Laws of their City to the Sicilians the Office of the Amphipolus has still continued being now grown old having been executed above Three hundred Years And thus stood the Affairs of Sicily at that time In Macedonia Philip having persuaded all the Greek Cities in Thrace to Concord amongst themselves made an Expedition against the Thracians For Cersobleptes the Thracian King was continually destroying the Greek Cities in the Hellespont and harrassing and spoiling the Country Therefore Philip to put a Check to the Designs and Progress of the Barbarians invaded them with a great Army and was so Victorious that he forced them to pay a Tenth as a Tribute to the Kingdom of Macedonia And by building of strong Towns in convenient Places he curb'd the Insolency of the Thracians The Greek Cities therefore being freed from their Fears with great Eagerness enter'd into a League of Confederacy with Philip. As to Writers Theopompus of Chius composed an History of the Acts of Philip in Three Books in which are interwoven the Affairs of Sicily For beginning with the Sovereignty of Dionysius the Elder he comprehended an Account of the Transactions of Fifty Years and ended with the Expulsion of Dionysius the Younger These Three Books are from the Forty first to the Forty third Year of the Fifty Years CHAP. XII The Acts of Timoleon in Sicily The Preparations of the Carthaginians against Timoleon The remarkable Siege of Perinthus by Philip. Pexodorus expells his Brother Adam from the Principality in Caria Byzantium beâ—ieged by Philip. WHEN the chief Magistracy of Athens was in the Hands of Sosigenes and Marcus Valerius and Marcus Publius executed the Office of Consuls at Rome Arymbas Olymp. 109. 3. Ant. Ch. 340. An. M. 3604. King of the Molossians died after he had reigned Ten Years leaving his Son Aeacidas the Father of Pyrrbus But by the Help of Philip of Macedon Alexander the Brother of Olympias succeeded Arymbas * Caius Petilius In Sicily Timoleon marched against the Leontines to whom Hicetas had joined himself with a great Army and in the first place besieged the new City as it was called * A part of Epyrus But the Garison being very strong they easily repulsed the Assailants and thereupon he raised his Siege without effecting any thing Then he made for Engya at that time under The Acts of Timoleon in Sicily the Tyranny of Leptines and ply'd it with continual Assaults being very earnest and intent to set them free by the Expulsion of Leptines While Timoleon was thus employ'd Hicetas marches away from Leontium with all his Forces and besieg'd Syracuse but having lost there a great part of his Army he hasted back to Leontium Timoleon at length so terrifi'd Leptines that under the Terms of safe Conduct he was sent away to Peloponnesus and by these Banishments Timoleon expos'd to the Graecians the Trophies of his Victory over the Tyrants And forasmuch as the Apolloniates were likewise under the Power of Leptines he receiv'd Apollonia into his Protection and restor'd them as well as the Engyans to their Liberty But being in great want of Money so that he knew not how to pay the Soldiers he order'd a Thousand Arm'd Men commanded by Expert Officers to make Incursions into the Carthaginian Territories These harrass'd the Country far and near and got together abundance of rich Plunder and Spoil and brought it to Timoleon who expos'd all to publick Sale and rais'd a vast Sum of Money whereby they paid the Soldiers for a long time before-hand Presently after he possess'd himself of Entella and put to Death Fifteen of the Citizens who adher'd to the Carthaginians and restor'd the rest to their Liberties Timoleon growing every Day in Reputation for his
Battel at Issus But to return to the Kings themselves Darius with all his Army being thus routed fled and by changing from time to time one Horse after another the best he had he made away with all speed to escape out of the Hands of Alexander and to get to the Governors of the Upper Provinces But Alexander with the best of his Horse and chiefest of his Friends pursu'd him close at the very Heels earnestly longing to be * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lord of Darius But after he had rid Two hundred Furlongs he return'd at midnight into the Camp and having refresh'd his weary Body in the Baths went to Supper and then to his rest In the mean time one came to the Mother of Darius and told her that Alexander was return'd from the pursuit of Darius and had possess'd himself of all the rich Spoils of his Tent. Upon which there was given up a great Shriek and Lamentation amongst the Women and from the multitude of the Captives lamenting with the Queen at the sad News all places were fill'd with Cries and Lamentations The King understanding what Sorrow there was among the Women sent Leonatus one his of Courtiers to them to put an end to their Fears and to let Sisygambres the Mother of Darius know that her Son was alive and that Alexander would have respect to their former Dignity and that to confirm the Promise of his Generosity by his Actions he would come and discourse with them the Day following Whereupon the Captives were so surpriz'd with the sudden and happy Turn of their Fortunes that they honour'd Alexander as a God and their Ant. Ch. 331. Fears were turn'd into Exultations of Joy The King as soon as it was light with Hephestion one of the trustiest of his Friends Alexander's great Humanity towards the Persian Captives went to visit the Queens When they entred in regard they were both habited alike Sisygambres taking Hephestion for the King because he was the more comely and taller Man fell prostrate at his Feet but the Attendants by the Nods of their Heads and Pointing of their Fingers directed her to Alexander whereupon being much asham'd and out of Countenance by reason of Mistake she salutes Alexander in the same manner she had done before the other Upon which he lift her up and said Mother trouble not nor perplex your self for that Man also is Alexander By which courteous and obliging Title of Mother to a grave and honourable Matron he gave a clear Demonstration of the Respects and Civilities he intended towards them all Having therefore own'd her for a Second Mother he presently confirm'd his Words by his Actions For he order'd her to be cloath'd in her Royal Robes and restor'd her to all the Honours becoming her former State and Dignity For he gave her all her Attendants and Houshold Servants and Furniture allow'd her by Darius and added also as much more of his own Bounty He promis'd likewise to dispose of the young Ladies in Marriage far better than if their Father had provided Husbands for them and that he would educate the King's little Son as carefully and honourably as if he were his own Then he call'd him to him and kiss'd him and taking notice that he was not at all dash'd nor seem'd to be in the least afrighted turning to Hephestion and those about him This Youth but Six Years of Age says he carries in his Countenance Marks of a stcut and brave Spirit above his Age and is better than his Father He further declar'd That he would take care of the Wife of Darius that nothing should be wanting to her in order to the support and maintenance of her Royal State and former Prosperity Many other kind and gaining Expressions he us'd insomuch as the Ladies fell a weeping in Showers of Tears Ant. Ch. 331. out of Transports of Joy upon account of the Greatness of their unexpected Felicity After all he at length put forth to them his Right Hand to kiss upon which not only they who were immediately honour'd with those Kindnesses set forth his Praiâ—e but even the whole Army cry'd up his incomparable Grace and Clemency And indeed I conceive that amongst the many Brave and Noble Acts of Alexander none of them were greater than this nor more worthy by History to be handed down to Posterity For storming and taking of Cities gaining of Battels and other Successes in War are many times the Events of Fortune more than the Effects of Valour and Virtue but to be compassionate to the miserable and those that lie at the Feet of the Conqueror must be the Fruit only of Wisdom and Prudence For many by Prosperity grow high-crested and are so far swell'd with Pride by the favourable Blasts of Fortune that they are careless and forgetful of the Common Miseries of Mankind so that 't is common to see many to sink under the weight of their prosperous Successes as an heavy Burden they are not able to bear Therefore though Alexander was many Ages before us who are now living yet the remembrance of his Virtue justly challenges Honour and Praise from all those that succeed him in future Generations As for Darius being now got to Babylon he musters up his broken Troops that were escap'd from the Battel of Issus and though he had receiv'd so great an Overthrow yet he was not at all discourag'd but writ Letters to Alexander whereby he advis'd him to use his Good Fortune and Success moderately and offer'd him a great Sum of Money Ant. Ch. 33â— for the Ransom of the Captives He promis'd likewise to give up to him all that part of Asia with the Cities which lay on that side within the * This was all Narolia Course of the River †Now Casilimer in Paphligonia Halys if he were willing to be his Friend Whereupon Alexander call'd a Council of War and laid before them such Letters as he judg'd most for his own Advantage but conceal'd the true ones By which Contrivance the Ambassadors were dismiss'd without any effect of their Embassie Darius therefore concluding that Things were not to be compos'd by Letters sets himself wholly to make preparation for War To which end he arm'd those Soldiers that had loft their Arms in the late unfortunate Battel and rais'd others and form'd them into Regiments He sent likewise for those Forces he had through Haste left behind him in the Upper Provinces when he first began his Expedition To conclude he was so earnest and diligent in recruiting his Army that they were now twice as many as they were at Issus for they made up a Body of Eight hundred thousand Foot and Two hundred thousand Horse besides a vast multitude of hook'd Chariots These considerable Actions were the Events of this Year CHAP. IV. Alexander marches towards Egypt Besieges Tyre Prodigies of Tyre The Tyrians bind Apollo with Golden Chains The Inventions of the Tyrians to defend
330 aid they were the more Couragious and to that degree that they left the Walls and Towers and leap'd out upon the Bridges to oppose the Assailants and Hand to Hand fought it out smartly in the Defence of their Country There were some that with Axes cut off whole Limbs at once of all that were in their way For among the rest there was one Admetus a Macedonian Captain a strong and valiant Man in the heat of his Contest with the Tyrians had his Head cloven in the midst with an Ax and so Perish'd Alexander seeing that the Tyrians had the better on 't and Night approaching sounded a Retreat And indeed at first he had thoughts to raise his Siege and to go on with his Expedition into Aegypt But he presently chang'd his Mind looking upon it as Base and Dishonourable to give up all the Glory to the Tyrians And therefore set himself again to carry on the Siege though he had only one of his Friends call'd Amyntas the Brother of Andromenes who approv'd of his Resolution Having therefore encourag'd the Macedonians to stick to him and furnish'd his Fleet with all things necessary he besieg'd the City both by Sea and Land And observing that part of the Wall near the Arsenal was weaker than the rest he brought all his Gallies which carry'd his best Engines chain'd fast together to that Place There he attempted an Act which the Beholders scarcely believ'd though they saw it with their Eyes For he cast a Plank from a Wooden Tower with one end upon the Battlements of the Walls as a Bridge and by this himself alone mounted the Rampire not regarding any Danger nor in the least affrighted with the violent Assaults of the Tyrians but in the View of that Army which had conquer'd the Persians he shew'd his own Personal Ant. Ch. 33â— Valour and call'd to the Macedonians to follow him and was the first that came to handy strokes with the Enemy and killing some with his Spear others with his Sword and tumbling down many with the Bosies of his Buckler he thus allay'd the Courage of his Adversaries In the mean time the Rams batter'd down a great Part of the Wall in another Place Tyre taken And now the Macedonians enter'd through the Breach on one side and Alexander with his Party pass'd over the Wall in another so that the City was now taken yet the Tyrians valiantly bestirr'd themselves and encouraging one another Guarded and block'd up all the Narrow Passes and fought it out to the last Man insomuch as above Seven thousand were cut in pieces upon the Place the King made all the Women and Children Slaves and hung up all the young Men that were left to the number of Two thousand And there were found so great a Number of Captives that though the greatest Part of the Inhabitants were transported to Carthage yet the remainder amounted to Thirteen thousand Into so great Miseries fell the Tyrians after they had endur'd a Siege of seven Months with more Obstinacy than Prudence Then the King took away the Golden Chains from the Image of Apollo and caus'd this God to be call'd * That is a Lover of Alexder Apollo Philaxandrus When he had offer'd splendid Sacrifices to Hercules and rewarded those who had signaliz'd their Valour he honourably buried the Dead and made one Ballonymus King of Tyre But it would be a thing justly to be condemn'd to neglect to give a further and larger Account of this Man whose Advancement and wonderful change of Condition was so extraordinary After Alexander had gain'd the City Strato the former Prince by reason of his Faithfulness Ballonymus his wonderful Advancement Curtius calls him Abdolonymus Lib. 4. C. 1. Vid. Just Lib. 11. Ant. Ch. 330 to Dariâ—s was depriv'd of the Command upon which the King gave Power and Liberty to Hephestion to bestow the Kingdom of Tyre upon which of his Friends he pleas'd Hephestion hereupon minding to gratify one where he had been courteously entertain'd resolv'd to Invest him with the Principality of Tyre but he though he was very Rich and Honourable above the rest of his Fellow Citizens yet because he was not of the Lineage of the Kings refus'd it Then Hephestion wish'd him to name some one that was of the Royal Blood He thereupon told him of one who was a very prudent and good Man but extream Poor Hephestion hereupon forthwith grants the Principality to him and the Officer assign'd for this Purpose hastens away with the Royal Robes and finds him in an Orchard in Rags drawing of Water for his Hire Having inform'd him of the Change and Alteration of his Condition he cloath'd him with the Robe and other Ornaments becoming his State and Dignity and then introduc'd him into the Forum and there declar'd him King of Tyre Which unexpected and wonderful Occurrence was very grateful and acceptable to the People Thus he obtain'd the Kingdom and was ever after a most faithful Friend to Alexander and an Example to all that are unacquainted with the sudden and various Turns of Fortune in this World Having now related the Acts of Alexander we shall turn to affairs elsewhere In Europe Agis King of Lacedaemon having listed Eight thousand Mercenaries who The Aâ—â—s of Agis escap'd from the Battel at Issus began some new disturbances in favour of Darius For having receiv'd from him a great Sum of Money and a Fleet he sail'd into Creet and reducing many Towns there he forc'd them to side with the Persians Amyntas likewise an Exile of Macedonia who had fled to Darius and sided with the Persians in Cilicia escaping with Four thousand Mercenaries out of the Battel of Issus pass'd over to Tripolis The Acts of Amyntas Ant. Ch. 330. in Phenicia before Alexander's arrival and there made choice only of so many of the Navy as would transport his Soldiers and burnt the rest With these he sail'd to Cyprus and from thence being well furnish'd with Soldiers and Shipping he pass'd over to Pelusium and having entred the City he pretended that Darius sent him to be their General because the late Governor of Aegypt was kill'd in the Battel in Cilicia Thence he sail'd to Memphis and routed the Inhabitants in a Field-fight near to the City who not long after set upon the Soldiers stragling out of the Town and plundering the Country as they were in that disorder carrying away what they could get cut off Amyntas and every Man with him Amyntas kill'd In this manner Amyntas as he was projecting great Matters was suddenly disappointed and lost his Life So likewise other Officers and Captains of the Army that surviv'd the Battel of Issus still cleav'd to the Persian Interest For some secur'd convenient Cities and Garisons for Darius and others procur'd several Provinces to raise Soldiers for him and provide other things necessary as the present Exigency of affairs required In the mean time the General Senate of Greece made
place with dead Carcasses In the mean time while the King lay ill of his Wound the Grecians that were distributed into several Colonies throughout Bactria and Sogdiana having for a considerable Grecians in Bactria rebell time before grudg'd their Plantations amongst the Barbarians and now encourag'd upon the Report that Alexander was dead of his Wound rebell'd against the Macedonians and got together to the number of about Three thousand and endeavour'd with all their Might to return into their own Country but were every Man cut off after the Death of Alexander The King after he was recover'd of his Wound appointed a solemn Sacrifice to the Gods in order to give Thanks for his Recovery and sumptuously feasted all his Friends In his Feasting and Drinking there happen'd a Passage very remarkable and fit to be taken notice of Amongst other Friends there was one Coragus a Macedonian invited a strong body'd Man and one that had often behav'd himself with great Gallantry in several Encounters This Man in his Cups challeng'd one Dioxippus an Athenian to fight a Duel between Coragus and Dioxippus See Plin. Nat. Hist. l. 35. c. 11. Aelian Var. Hist. l. 10. c. 22. l. 12. c. 58. Ant. Ch. 325. Duel who was a Champion and had won many Noble Prizes and Victories The matter was push'd on forward by the Guests as is usual at such times Dioxippus accepted the Challenge and the King appointed the Day As soon as it was day many thousands of People slock'd together to see the Combat The King with his Macedonians favour'd Coragus the Grecians wish'd well to Dioxippus The Macedonian came into the List neatly accoutred glittering in his Arms. The Athenian presented himself stark naked all over anointed with Oil with a Cap upon his Head Their Persons were both so admirable for Strength of Body and Presence of Mind that it seem'd as if two of the Gods were to fight a Duel For the Macedonian for his Stature and Brightness of his Arms look'd like Mars Dioxippus besides his being the stronger Man in his carrying of a great Club and Activity in Feats of Arms resembled Hercules And now both advanc'd one towards another The Macedonian when he came near cast his Javelin at Dioxippus which he declin'd by a little motion of his Body Then Coragus presently made at him with his Macedonian * Pike Sarissa which the other advancing forward broke in pieces with his Truncheon The Macedonian thus twice defeated betook to his Sword but while he was drawing it his Adversary made a Sally up to him and prevented him catching hold on his Arm with his left hand and gave him such a Blow with the other as that he laid him at his feet When he had him upon the Ground he set his Foot upon his Neck and lifting up himself he turn'd about to the Spectators Upon which all the People set up a great Shout in admiration of what was done and at the Strength and Valour of the Man But the King order'd him that was foil'd to be let go and then Broke up the Assembly and departed not very well pleas'd at the Misfortune of his Country-man But Doxippus having now discharg'd his Adversary went off the Ground and for his famous and remarkable Victory his Country-men set a Coronet upon his Head as One that had advanc'd the Honour and Reputation of the Grecians But Fortune suffer'd not the Man to rejoice long in his Victory for the King ever after bore a Grudge to him and the King's Friends and all the Courtiers envy'd him Therefore they persuaded one that waited at the Table to put a golden Cup under his Cushion and in the middle of the Feast a Complaint was made that the Cup was stollen whereupon search was made and the Cup pretended to be found with Dioxippus By which he was greatly disgrac'd and put out of Countenance And seeing the Macedonians came â—locking about him he Ant. Ch. 325. arose from the Table and left the place and went to his Lodging But shortly after he wrote a Letter to Alexander complaining of the foul Contrivances of his Enemies against him and after he had deliver'd it to his Servants to be handed carefully to the King he Dioxippus murthers himself murder'd himself It was certainly an imprudent Act in him to fight with a Macedonian but far more Folly in him to destroy himself Therefore many who blam'd him for this piece of Madness added this to his further Disgrace That a great Body and a great Wit seldom meet together When the King read the Letter he was exceedingly troubled at his Death and would often commend him for his Valour And he who undervalu'd him when he was alive now in vain wish'd for him when he was dead and came perfectly to understand the Honesty of the Man by the Knavery of his Accusers and Slanderers And now the King order'd his Army to march along the Bank of the * Indus River over against his Fleet and began again to sail down into the Ocean and in his Passage arriv'd at the Country of the Sambestans These People for Number and Courage are nothing Sambestanâ— Curtius lib. 9. c. 15. inferior to any of the Indians and their Cities are Democratical in their Government Having intelligence of the approach of the Macedonians they brought into the Field Threescore thousand Foot Six thousand Horse and Five hundred Chariots But when the Fleet drew near they were so terrify'd with the strangeness of the Sight and the Fame and Glory of the Macedonians which was nois'd abroad in all Places that the Old Ant. Ch. 325. Men among them dissuaded them from vent'ring a Battel whereupon they sent Fifty of the best Quaâ—ity as Ambassadors to Alexander to pray his Favour The King upon the Address made to him granted them Peace as they desir'd and receiv'd large and honourable Presents becoming a Demy-god from the Inhabitants Then he receiv'd the Submission of the Sodrans and Massanians who border'd on both sides the River Here Sodians Massanians Alexander built another City call'd Alexandria near the * On the Bank of the River Indus River and furnish'd it with a Thousand Inhabitants Afterwards he arriv'd at the Kingdom of ** Musicanus Strabo lib. 15. p. 694. 701. says he submitted where see much more but after revolted and Crucify'd Musicanus whom he took and kill'd and subdu'd his Country Then he came to the †This Territory belongs to the Bastans See Strabo b. Sambus Territory of Porticanus and took two Cities upon the first Assault and gave the Spoil of them to his Soldiers and then burnt them Porticanus who had fled for shelter into the Castle was kill'd fighting in his own Defence Then he took all the Cities within his Dominion by Assault and raz'd them to the Ground which struck a great Terror into the Neighbouring Inhabitants Next he wasted the * The Country of the Brachmans who
to Hephestion He gave also Wives to the Chiefest of his Friends and marry'd them to the Noblest Ladies of Persia About this time Thirty thousand Persians very Proper and handsom young Men and Thirty thousand Persians brought to Alexander of strong Bodies came to Susa These according to the King's Command had for some considerable time been getting together and had been train'd up by their Tutors and Governors in Martial Discipline and all of them compleatly furnish'd with Macedonian Arms encamp'd before the City where they Train'd and Exercis'd before the King and approv'd themselves so expert in the Management and Handling of their Arms that they were honour'd by him with large and rich Gifts For because the Macedonians refus'd to pass over the River Ganges and in the common Assembly would many times with a great Bawling and Noise oppose the King and mock at his Descent from Hammon he got this Body of Persians who were all about the same Age to be as a Curb upon the Macedonian * Phalanx Brigade And these were the things wherein Alexander employ'd himself at that time During this Indian Expedition Harpalus who was made by Alexander Lord High-Treasurer of Babylon almost as soon as the King had begun his march hoping he would never return gave up himself to all manner of Luxury and Excess For he was Governor Harpalus his Luxury of a very large Province In the first place he follow'd a lewd Course of Forcing and Ravishing of Women and committing all sorts of abominable Acts of Uncleanness with the Barbarians by which Luxurious pranks of Wickedness he wasted the Treasure committed to his Charge He order'd great multitudes of Fish to be brought to him from far Countries as far as from the * Red Sea And was so profuse in his daily Provisions for his The Red Sea Table that all cry'd shame of him and none gave him a good Word He sent likewise for a famous Strumpet from Athens call'd Pythonices to whom he gave most Princely Gifts whilst she liv'd and buried her with as much state when she was dead and built for her a most magnificent Monument in Athens After her death he sent for another Curtesan out of Attica call'd Glycera with whom he liv'd at such a height of Voluptuousness and Expence as exceeded all bounds But that he might have a Refuge to fly unto in case of the cross and destructive Blasts of Fortune he made it his business chiefly to oblige the Athenians And therefore when Alexander return'd from his Indian Expedition and had cut off the Heads of many of the Provincial Governors for their Male-administrations Harpalus fearing the same Punishment bagg'd up Five thousand Talents of Silver and rais'd Six thousand Mercenary Soldiers and so left Asia and sail'd for Attica But when he perceiv'd none were forward to come in to him he left his Soldiers at Tenarus in Laconia and taking part of the Money with him fled to the Athenians for Protection But being demanded to be be deliver'd up by Letters from Antipater and Olympias having first distributed large Rewards amongst the Orators that had pleaded for him and manag'd his concern with the Athenians he withdrew himself and fled to his Soldiers at Tenarus Thence he sail'd to Creet and there was Murther'd by Thimbro one of his Friends The Athenians likewise examining the matter concerning the Money given by Harpalus condemn'd Demosthenes and several other Orators for being corrupted by him with Bribes About this time Alexander at the Celebration of the Olympick Games caus'd publick Proclamation to be made by an Herald That all Exiles except Robbers of Temples and Murderers should return to their several Countries And he himself pick'd out Ten thousand of the Oldest Soldiers in his Army and discharg'd them from further Service and being inform'd that many of them were in debt he paid the whole in one Day to the value of no less then Ten thousand Talents The rest of the Macedonians carrying themselves with great Malepartness towards him and in a General Assembly with Bawling and Noise contradicting him he was so enrag'd and sharp in his returns upon them that they were all put into a great Fright and in that Rage was so daring that he leap'd down from the Tribunal and seiz'd upon some of the Ring leaders of the Mutiny with his own hands and deliver'd them to the * Our Sheriffs Lictors to be Executed At length when he saw that the Disorders and Mutiny still encreas'd he made such of the Persians Officers as he thought fit and preferr'd them to the chiefest Commands Upon which the Macedonians recollected themselves and had much ado to regain Alexander's favour though they address'd themselves to him both with Petitions and Tears CHAP. XI Alexander mixes Twenty thousand Persian Darters with his Army Marches from Susa Bagistames breeds abundance of Horses Hephestion dies at Ecbatane The Lamian War He invades the Cosseans Marches towards Babylon The Caldean Astrologers dissuade him from coming thither He enters Babylon AFterwards when Anticles was chief Magistrate of Athens and Lucius Cornelius and Olym. 113. 3. Ant. Ch. 324. An. M. 3624 Quintius Publius were Consuls at Rome Alexander supply'd the Room of those he had discharg'd with Persians and chose a Thousand of them to be Squires of the Body conceiving he might altogether as safely trust them as the Macedonians About this time Peucestes came with Twenty thousand Persian Darters and Slingers these Alexander intermix'd amongst his other Soldiers by which means the whole Army was brought into that due Constitution as that they were readily obedient to his Command There were some of the Macedonians that had Sons by the Captives whom upon diligent Enquiry he found to be Ten thousand and appointed them Masters to instruct them in all sorts of Learning and allow'd sufficient Stipends for their Liberal Education Then he Rendevouz'd his Army and march'd away from Susa and passing the River Marches from Susa Tigris came to the Villages call'd Carrae and there encamp'd Thence in Four Days March he pass'd through Sitta and came to Sambea Here he rested Seven Days and refresh'd his Army Thence in Three Days he march'd to the Towns call'd Celonae In which Place the Posterity of the Boeotians settl'd themselves in the time of Xerxes his Expedition and there remain unto this Day having not altogether forgot the Laws of their Country For they use a double Language one learnt from the Natural Inhabitants and in the other they preserve much of the Greek Tongue and observe some of their Laws and Customs Thence when it grew towards Evening he decamp'd and turn'd aside and march'd to Bagistames to view the Country This Country abounds in all Ant. Ch. 324. manner of Fruit-Trees and whatever else conduces either to the Profit or Pleasure of Mankind so as that it seems to be a Place of Delight both for Gods and Men. Afterwards he came into a Country that
certain Enean corrupted Lipodorus who commanded a Brigade of Three thousand Men among the Rebels he routed them all For in the height of the Engagement when the Victory was doubtful the Traytor withdrew from the rest of his fellow Soldiers and with his Three thousand Men march'd up to the top of a rising Ground whereupon the rest thinking that he had fled broke all their Ranks and took to their Heels Pithon being thus Victor sent a Trumpet to the Rebels ordering them to lay down their Arms and upon Capitulation licensed them to repair every Man to his own home It was no small joy to Pithon to see things brought to such a pass as suited directly to his designs for he had now all confirm'd by Oath and the Grecians intermixt among the Macedonians But the Macedonians remembring the Orders Perdiccas had given making nothing of their Oaths broke Faith with the Grecians For on a sudden they fell unexpectedly upon them and put every Man of The Revolters all cut off them to the Sword and seiz'd upon all they had And so Pithon being defeated in his design return'd with the Macedonians to Perdiccas And this was the state of Affairs in Asia at that time In the mean time in Europe the Rhodians cast out the Garison of the Macedonians and freed their City And the Athenians began a War against Antipater which was call'd the The Lamian War Ant. Ch. 321. Lamian War It 's in the first place necessary to declare the Causes of this War that the Progress of it may be the better understood Alexander a little before his Death had order'd all the Exiles and Out-law'd Persons of the Greek Cities to be recall'd as well to advance his own Honour and Esteem as to gain the Hearts of many in every City by his Clemency who might stand up for his Interest against the Innovations and Defections of the Grecians At the approach therefore of the time of Celebrating the Olympiads he sent away Nicanor a Native of the City Stagira with a Letter concerning the Restitution of the Bandities of Greece and commanded it to be proclaim'd by the Common Cryer who declar'd him that was Victor who executed the Command and read the Letter in these Words King Alexander to the Banditties of the Grecian Cities WE were not the Cause of your Banishment but will be of the Return of you all Alexander's Epistle into your own Country excepting such as are Banish'd for outrageous Crimes of which things we have written to Antipater requiring him to proceed by Force against all such as shall oppose your Restitution When these Orders were proclaim'd the People set up a great Shout testifying their approbation For those of them that were present at the Solemnity readily laid hold on the King's Mercy and return'd their Thanks with Expressions of their Joy and applauses of his Grace and Favour For all the Banish'd Men were then got together at the Olympiads above the Number of Twenty thousand Many there were who approv'd Ant. Ch. 321. of their Restitution as a prudent Act but the Aeolians and Athenians were much offended at it for the Aeolians expected that the Oenians who were banish'd out from among them should have undergone due punishment for their Crimes For the King had made a great Noise with his Threats that he would not only punish the Children of the Oenians but that he himself would execute Justice upon the Authors themselves Whereupon the Athenians would not yield by any means to part with Samos which they had divided by lot But because they were not at present able to cope with Alexander they judg'd it more adviseable to sit still and watch till they found a convenient Opportunity which Fortune presently offer'd them For Alexander dying in a short time afterwards and leaving no Children to succeed him they grew confident that they should be able not only to regain their Liberty but likewise the Sovereignty of all Greece The vast Treasure left by Harpalus of which we have particularly spoken in the preceding Book and the Soldiers that were disbanded by the Lord-Lieutenants of Asia were great Supports and Encouragements for the carrying on of this War for there were Eight thousand of them then about Tenarus in Peloponensus They sent therefore privately to Leosthenes Ant. Ch. 321. the Athenian wishing him that without taking notice of any Order by them of his own accord so to dispose of matters as to have those Soldiers in readiness when occasion serv'd Antipater likewise so contemn'd Leosthenes that he was Careless and Negligent in preparing for the War and so gave time to the Athenians to provide all things necessary for that Affair Hereupon Leosthenes very privately Listed these Soldiers and beyond all expectation had ready a brave Army For having been a long time in the Wars in Asia and often engag'd in many great Battles they were become very expert Soldiers These things were contriv'd when the Death of Alexander was not generally known But when a Messenger came from Babylon who was an Eye witness of his Death the People of Athens declar'd open War and sent part of the Money left by Harpalus with a great number of Arms to Leosthenes charging him no longer to conceal or palliate the Matrer but to do what was most conducible to the Service of the Common-wealth Whereupon having distributed the Money among the Soldiers as he was commanded and arm'd those that wanted he went into Aetolia in order to carry on the War with the joint Assistance of both Nations The Aetolians join'd very readily and deliver'd to him for the service Seven thousand Soldiers Then he stirr'd up his Messengers the Locrians and Phocians and other neighbouring Nations to stand up for their Liberties and to free Greece from the Macedonian Yoke But in the mean time the Wealthy Men among the Athenians Ant. Ch. 321. dissuaded them from the War but the Rabble were for carrying it on with all the Vigour imaginable Whence it came to pass that they who were for War and had nothing to live upon but their Pay were far the greater Number To which sort of Men Philip was us'd to say War was as Peace and Peace as War Forthwith therefore the Orators who were in a Body together and clos'd with the Humours of the People wrote down the Decree That the Athenians should take upon them the Care and Defence of the Common Liberty of Greece and should free all the Greek Cities from their several Garisons and that they should rig out a Fleet of Forty Gallies of Three Tire of Oars and Two hundred of Four Tire of Oars and that all Athenians under Forty years of Age should take up Arms That Three of the Tribes should keep Watch and Ward in Athens and the other Seven should be always ready to march abroad Moreover Ambassadors were sent to all the Cities of Greece to inform them That the People of Athens in the first
when Cadmus had built the Cittadel call'd Cadmea after his own P. 700. Name the People call'd Spartans or Sparsans flock'd thither in droves call'd so by some because they flock'd together from all Places others call'd them * Born at Thebes Thebigens because the Natives of Thebes were forc'd away by the Flood and dispers'd here and there up and down in the Country When these were again return'd they were afterwards expell'd by force of Arms by the Enchâ—lensians and then even Cadmus himself was forc'd to fly to the Illyrians After this when Amphion and Zethus rul'd and there first built the City as the * Homer Poet says 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Who first Thebes Walls with Seven Gates did raise Ant. Ch. 314. The Inhabitants were again expuls'd when Polydorus the Son of Cadmus return'd into the Kingdom where all Things were then carelesly manag'd by reason of the sad Condition of * His 7 Sons and 7 Daughters by Niobe were kill'd by Jupiter and Diana with Arrows Paus in Boet. Diod. lib. 4. Amphion for the Loss of all his Children Then again in the time of the Reign of his †The Posterity of Polydorus Posterity when all the Country was call'd Boeotia from one Boeotus the Son of Melanippes and Neptune who reign'd there the Thebans were expell'd the third time by the ‖ The Posterity of the 7 Captains who besieg'd Thebes Epigoni of Argos when they took the City by force Those that escap'd of those that were expell'd fled to Alalcomenia and the Mountain Tilphosius but after the Death of these Argives they return'd into their own Country ‡ This Story of the Crows is That the Oracle said the Boeotians should be expell'd when they saw white Crows which happen'd afterward by playful Boys painting Crows white and then letting them go A little while after the Boeotians were ejected by the Aeolians See the Annot. upon Erasm Adag Ad Corvos p. 374. In the time of the Trojan War when the Thebans were in Asia those who stay'd at home together with other Boeotians were expell'd by the Pelasgians and after they had endur'd many and various Calamities in the course of near four Generations according to the Oracle relating to the Crows they return'd and inhabited Thebes From this time this City continu'd in a State of Prosperity near Eight hundred Years And the Thebans at the beginning had the chief Command over all the rest of their Country Afterwards when they attempted to be Sovereign Lords of all Greece Alexander the Son of Philip took it by Storm and raz'd it to the Ground In the Twentieth Year next after Cassander to make himself Famous and advance his own Reputation he so Ant. Ch 314. far prevaiâ—d with the Boeotians for their Concurrence as that he rebuilt the City and restor'd Cassander rebuilds Thebes it to those Thebans that were then remaining of the old Stock Many of the Greek Cities afforded their Assistance to the rebuilding of this Place out of Compassion to the distressed Condition of the Thebans and the ancient Fame and Glory of the City The Athenians built the greatest part of the Walls and others assisted according to their several Abilities and Contributions were sent not only from all Parts of Greece but from some both in Sicily and Italy And thus the Thebans came to be restor'd to the ancient Seat of their Ancestors Then Cassander mov'd with his Army towards Peloponnesus and when he found that Alexander the Son of Polysperchon had fortify'd the Isthmus with strong Guards he turn'd aside to Megara and there he fitted out some Boats and in them transported his Elephants to Epidaurus and the rest of his Army in other Ships Thence coming to Argos he forc'd them to quit their Confederacy with Alexander and join with him Afterwards he brought over to him all the Cities and Towns with the Territories of Messina except Ithom and Hermonides he took in upon Articles of Agreement But upon Alexander's marching down to fight he left Two thousand Men at * Geraneia a Hill near the Istmos in Megaris Geraneia near the Istmos under the Command of Molycus and and return'd into Macedonia CHAP. IV. Antigonus his Army feasted by Seleucus in Babylon Falls out with Seleucus who flies to Ptolemy and is kindly receiv'd Ptolemy Seleucus Cassander and Lysimachus join against Antigonus They send Ambassadors to him who Winters in Cilicia He goes into Phoenicia and there builds Ships besieges Tyre The Praise of Phyla Wife of Demetrius Aristodemus raises Forces for Antigonus in Peloponnesus The Acts of Ptolemy one of Antigonus his Captains Antigonus his Policy Tyre deliver'd The Agreement of Ptolemy's Captains and the rest at Cyprus The Acts of Seleucus A Fleet comes to Antigonus from the Hellespont and Rhodes Things done in Peloponnesus Cassander's Acts there and in Greece The great Victory by Sea and Land obtain'd by Polyclitus Seleucus his Lieutenant He 's rewarded by Ptolemy The Acts of Agathocles in Sicily The Romans War with the Samnites AT the end of the former Year Praxibulus was created chief Magistrate at Athens P. 701. Olymp. 116. 2. Ant. Ch. 313. An. M. 3657. Antigonus comes to Babylon his whole Army feasted by Seleucus and Spurius Nautius and Marcus Popilius bore the Office of Consuls at Rome at which time Antigonus left one Aspisa a Native Governor of Susiana He himself resolving to carry away with him all the Monies prepar'd Carriages and Camels for that purpose to bring it down to the Sea-side and so having it along with him march'd with his Army towards Babylon which he reach'd in Two and twenty days March where Seleucus the Governor of the Provinces received him with Royal Presents and feasted the whole Army But when Antigonus demanded an Account of the Revenue he told them He was not bound to give any Account of that Province which the Macedonians had bestow'd upon him as a Reward of his Service in Alexander's Life-time The Difference growing wider and wider every day Seleucus remembring Pitho's fall was thereupon the more afraid lest Antigonus should catch an Opportunity to put him also to Death For he seem'd to have a Design to cut off as soon as possible he could all Men in Power and such as were in a Capacity to struggle for the chief Command Whereupon for fear of the worst he forthwith made away with Fifty Horse only in his Company intending to go into Egypt to Ptolemy For his Kindess and courteous Behaviour Falls out with Seleucus who flies to Ptolemy Ant. Ch. 313. towards all that came to him for Protection and Shelter was cry'd up in every Place When Antigonus came to understand this he rejoic'd exceedingly in that he was not forc'd to destroy his Friend and potent Confederate but that Seleucus by his own voluntary Banishment had seem'd to deliver up the Province of his own accord without a Stroke struck Afterwards the Caldeans came
to him and foretold That if Seleucus got absolutely away he should be Lord of all Asia and that in a Battel between them Antigonus himself Caldean South 〈◊〉 should be kill'd Whereupon being sorry that he had let him go he sent some away to pursue him but having follow'd him some little way they return'd as they went Antigonus was wont to slight these kind of Divinations in other Men but at this time he was so amaz'd and affrighted with the high Esteem and Reputation of these Men that he was very much disturb'd in his Thoughts For they were judg'd to be Men very expert and skilful through their exact and diligent Observation of the Stars And they affirm that they and their Predecessors have study'd this Art of Astrology for above Twenty thousand Years And what they had foretold concerning Alexander's Death if he enter'd into Babylon was found true by late Experience And in truth as those Predictions concerning Alexander came afterwards to pass so what they now said relating to Seleucus were likewise in due time accomplish'd Of which we shall treat particularly when we come to the Times proper for that purpose Seleucus when he was got safe into Egypt was entertain'd by Ptolemy with all the Expressions of Kindness and Affection that might be where he bitterly complain'd against Ant. Ch. 313. Seleucus kindly receiv'd by Ptolemy Antigonus affirming that his Design was to expel all Persons of eminent Quality out of their Provinces and especially such as were in Service under Alexander which he back'd with Arguments from Pitho's being put to Death and Peucestes being depriv'd of the Government of Persia and from the Usage he himself had lately met with and all these though they had never done any thing to deserve it but rather upon all Occasions perform'd all the Acts of Kindness and Service to him that was in their Power and this was the Reward of all they reap'd from their Service He reckon'd up likewise the Strength of his Forces his great Treasure and his late Successes which so puff'd him up that he was in hopes to gain the Sovereign Command over all the Macedonians Ptolemy Seleucus Cassander and Lysimachus join against Antigonus P. 702. Ant. Ch. 313. Having by these Arguments stirr'd up Ptolemy to make War against him he sent some of his Friends over into Europe to prevail with Cassander and Lysimachus with the like Arguments to appear in Arms against Antigonus Which Orders being forthwith executed Foundations were laid for a mighty War which afterwards follow'd Antigonus upon many probable Conjectures conceiving what was Seleucus his design sent Ambassadors to Ptolemy Cassander and Lysimachus to desire them that the ancient Friendship might be preserv'd and maintain'd amongst them And then having made Pithon who came out of India Lord-Lieutenant of the Province of Babylon he broke up Antigonus Winters in Cilicia his Camp and march'd towards Cilicia As soon as he came to * In Cilicia Mallos he distributed his Army into Winter-Quarters about the Month of †After the sâ—tting of Orion November And he receiv'd out of the Treasury in the City of Quindi Ten thousand Talents and Eleven thousand Talents out of the yearly Revenues of that Province So that he was very formidable both in respect of his great Forces and the vastness of his Treasure And now being remov'd into the Upper Syria Ambassadors came to him from Ptolemy Cassander and Lysimachus Ambassadors sent to him from Ptolemy Cassander and Lysimachus who being introduc'd as he sate in Council demanded all Cappadocia and Lycia to be be deliver'd up to Cassander Phrygia bordering upon the Hellespont to Lystmachus all Syria to Ptolemy and the Province of Babylon to Seleucus and all the common Stock of Moneys which he had incroach'd upon since the Battel with Eumenes to be shar'd equally amongst them which if he refus'd then they were to let him know that their Ant. Ch. 3â—3 Masters intended with their joint Forces to make War upon him Whereunto he answer'd roughly That he was now making a War upon Ptolemy and thereupon the Ambassadors return'd without any effect of their Embassy And upon this Answer Ptolemy Cassander and Lysimachus entred into a League amongst themselves and gathered their Forces together and made it their business to provide Arms and all other things necessary for the War And now Antigonus perceiving how many great and potent Adversaries had confederated against him and what a Storm was ready to fall upon him sought the Alliance and Confederacy of other Cities Nations and Princes and to this purpose dispatch'd away Agisilaus to the King of Cyprus Idomineus and Moschion to Rhodes and one Ptolemy his own Brother's Son with an Army to raise the Siege of Amisus in Cappadocia and to drive out those that were sent thither by Cassander He commanded him likewise to go to the Hellespont and fall upon Cassander if he attempted to pass over out of Europe into Asia He sent away likewise Aristodemus the Milesian with a thousand Talents with Orders to enter into a League of Amity with Alexander and Polysperchon and to hire Soldiers and make War upon Cassander And he himself dispos'd Becons and Courriers throughout all Asia which was wholly at his Command hereby to give and get Knowledge of all things that pass'd and to manage his Affairs with the greater Expedition Having taken this Order he marches into Phaenicia to provide a Fleet For at that He goes into Phenicia and there builds Ships Ant. Ch. 313. time the Enemy had the Command of the Sea being furnish'd with abundance of Shipping when he himself had not one Encamping near to Tyre with design to Besiege it he sent for the petty Kings of Phaenicia and Governors of Syria and dealt with them to join with him in the Building of Ships because all the Ships that belong'd to Phaenicia were then with Ptolemy in Aegypt He gave them likewise Order to bring him with all speed Four Millions and Five hundred thousand Bushels of Wheat for to so much came the yearly Expence of his Army Then he got together Hewers of Timber Sawers and Ship Carpenters from all Parts and caus'd Timber to be brought down from Mount Lebanon to the Sea-side employing therein Eight thousand Men to Work and a Thou-Beasts for Carriage This Mount runs through Tripolis Byblia and Sidonia and abounds in most beautiful tall Cedars and Cypress Trees He appointed three Arsenals in Phaenicia P. 703. one at Tripolis another at Byblia and the Third at Sidon a Fourth he had in Cilicia whither Timber was brought from Mount Taurus and a Fifth in Rhodes where the Inhabitants suffer'd him to build Ships of Timber convey'd thither at his own Charge While Antigonus was thus employ'd and lay Encamp'd by the Sea side Seleucus came with a Fleet of an Hundred Sail out of Aegypt quick Sailers and Royally furnish'd and in a scornful manner skirr'd under the
Noses of them which not a little troubled the Minds of his new Associates and those that join'd with him in the carrying on of the Work For it was very apparent that the Enemy now being Master at Sea would be sure to waste and spoil those who out of kindness to Antigonus had join'd with their Adversaries But Antigonus bid them be of good chear for before the end of Summer he said he would be at Sea with a Fleet of Five hundred Sail. Agesilaus in the mean while return'd with his Embassy out of Cyprus and brought word that Nicocreon and the most potent Kings of that Island had already confederated Ant. Ch. 313. with Ptolemy Nevertheless that Citticus Lapitbius Marius and Cyrenites would join with him Whereupon he left Three thousand Men under the Command of Andronicus to maintain the Siege against Tyre and he himself march'd with the rest of the Army against Antigonus be sieges Tyre Gaza and Joppe which stood out against him and took them by force and such of Ptolemy's Men as he found there he took and distributed them among his own Regiments and plac'd Garisons in both those Cities to keep them in Obedience Which done he return'd to his standing Camp about Tyre and prepar'd all necessaries for a Siege against it At the same time Aristo who was intrusted by Eumenes to carry Craterus his Bones delivered them to Phila to be buried who was marry'd first to Craterus and at that time to Demetrius the Son of Antigonus who was a Woman of excellent Parts and Prudence for by her prudent Behaviour and Carriage towards every Soldier in the Army she was able The Praise of Phila the Wife of Demetrius to qualify and moderate those that were most Turbulent and she put forth the Daughters and Sisters of those that were Poor at her own Charge and prevented the Ruine of many that were falsly accus'd It s reported that Antipater her Father who was the most prudent Prince that Govern'd in this Age was us'd to consult with Phila his Daughter in the most weighty Affairs while she was but yet a Girl But the Prudence of this Woman will more fully appear in the following Narration and when things tended Ant. Ch. 313. to a Revolution and the fatal Period of Demetrius his Kingdom And thus stood the Affairs of Antigonus and Phila at this time Amongst the Captains sent away by Antigonus Aristodemus pass'd over to Laconia and having got leave of the Spartans to raise Soldiers got together Eight thousand out of Peloponnesus Aristodemus raises Forces for Antigonus in Peloponnesus and upon Conference with Polysperchon and Alexander join'd them both in a firm League of Amity with Antigonus and made Polysperchon General over the Forces in Peloponnesus but prevail'd with Alexander to pass over into Asia to Antigonus Ptolomeus another of his Captains going into Cappadocia with an Army and there Ptolomey a Captain of Antigonus raises the Siege of Amisus in Cappadocia finding the City of Amisus besieg'd by Asclepidorus a Captain of Cassander's rais'd the Siege and secur'd the Place and so having sent away Asclepidorus packing upon certain Conditions recover'd that whole Province to Antigonus and marching thence through Bithynia came upon the back of Zibytes King of the Bithynians whilst he was busie in besieging of two Cities at once that of the Assarenians and the other of the Calcedonians and forc'd him to raise his Siege from both and then falling to Capitulations both with him and the Cities that were besieg'd after Hostages receiv'd remov'd thence Ant. Ch. 313. towards Ionia and Lydia for that Antigonus had written to him to secure that Coast with Two other Cities raised by him in Bithynia P. 704. all possible speed having intelligence that Seleucus was going into those Parts with his Fleet whither indeed he came and besieg'd Erythras But hearing of the Enemies approach left it and went away as he came Mean while Alexander the Son of Polysperchon came to Antigonus who made a League with him and then calling a general Antigonus his Policy Council of the Army and the Strangers there resident declar'd unto them how Cassander had murder'd Olympias and how villainously he had dealt with Roxana and the young King and that he had forc'd Thessalonices to marry him and that it was very clear and evident that he aspir'd to the Kingdom of Macedonia Moreover that he had planted the Olynthians the most bitter Enemies of the Macedonians in the City call'd after his own Name That he had rebuilt Thebes that was raz'd by the Macedonians Having thus incens'd the Army he made and wrote an Edict That Cassander should be taken as an open Enemy unless he raz'd the two Cities releas'd the King and Roxana his Mother and return'd them safe to the Macedonians And lastly Unless he submitted to Antigonus as General and sole Protector of the Kingdom and free all the Greek Cities and withdraw all the Garisons out of them When the Army had approv'd of this Edict by their Suffrages he sent Courriers away to publish it in all places For he hop'd that by this Means all the Grecians in expectation of having their Liberties restor'd would be his Consederates and readily assist him in the War and that all the Governors of the Higher Provinces who before suspected him as if he design'd to deprive the Posterity of Alexander of the Kingdom now that Ant. Ch. 313. it clearly appear'd that he took up Arms in their behalf would observe all his Commands of their own accord Having dispatch'd all these Matters he sent back Alexander with Five hundred Talents into Peloponnesus with his hopes rais'd in expectation of mighty Matters And he himself with Shipping had from Rhodes and others he had lately built set sail for Tyre where being now Master at Sea he so block'd it up for thirteen Months together that no supply of Victuals could be brought thither and thereby reduc'd the Inhabitants into so Tyre deliver'd to Antigonus great distress that at length upon suffering the Soldiers to march away with some small things that were their own the City was surrender'd to him upon Terms and he plac'd a Garison in it for its Defence In the mean time Ptolemy hearing what a Declaration Antigonus with the Macedonians had made concerning the Liberty of the Grecians made the like himself as desirous that Prolemy proclaims Liberty to the Grecians all the World should take notice that he was no less zealous for the Liberty of Greece than Antigonus was For both of them well considering of how great moment it was to their Affairs to gain the good Will of the Grecians strove one with another which should oblige them most by Acts of Grace Then he join'd to his Party the Governor of Caria who was a Man of great Power and had many great Cities under his Command And thô he had before sent Three thousand Soldiers to
the Kings in Cyprus yet he hastned away Ptolemy sends Men into Cyprus many more to reduce those who had there sided against him Those sent were Ten thousand under the Command of Myrmidon an Athenian born and an Hundred sail of Ships Commanded by Polyclitus And the General over all he made his Brother Menelaus These coming into Cyprus join'd then with Seleucus and his Fleet and in a Council of War advis'd what course was fit to be taken The Result of which was that Polyclitus with Fifty sail should pass into Peloponnesus and there should make War upon Aristodemus Polysperchon and his Son Alexander That Myrmidon should go with an Army of Foreigners The Agreement of the Captains of Ptolemy and the rest at Cyprus P. 705. The Acts of Seleucus into Caria there to help Cassander against Ptolemy a Captain of Antigonus who pressed hard upon him and that Seleucus and Menelaus staying in Cyprus should bear up Nicocreon the King and the rest of their Confederates against their Enemies Having thus therefore divided their Forces Seleucus went and took Cyrinia and Lapithus and having drawn over Stasiecus King of the Malenses to his Party he forc'd the Prince of the Amathusians to give him Hostages for his Fealty for the time to come As for the City Citium seeing it would come to no Agreement with him he fell to besiege it with his whole Army About the same time came Forty Ships out of the Hellespont and Rhodes under the Command of one Themison their Admiral to Antigonus and after them came Dioscorides Ant. Ch. 313. A Fleet comes to antigonus from Hellespont and Rhodes with Fourscore more though Antigonus had already a Navy of his own new built in Phenicia to the Number of an Hundred and twenty Ships with those that he left at Tyre so that he had in the whole Two hundred and forty Men of War of which there were Ninety of four Tire of Oars Ten of Five Three of Nine Ten of Ten and Thirty open Gallies Antigonus dividing this Navy into Squadrons sent Fifty of them into Peloponnesus and the rest he committed to Dioscorides his own Brother's Son with this Charge That he should guard the Seas and help his Friends as their occasion requir'd and that he should gain unto his Party such of the Islands as hitherto stood out against him And in this Posture stood the Affairs of Antigonus And now having related the things done throughout all Asia we shall give a particular Account of the Affairs of Europe Apolenides being made Commander of the Argives by Cassander in the Night broke into Arcadia Things done in Peloponnesus and surpriz'd the * The City Stymphalus near the Stymphalian Lake City of the Stymphalions And while he was absent some of the Argives Enemies to Cassander corresponded with Alexander the Son of Polysperchon and promis'd to deliver up the †Argos City into his Hands But Alexander being too slow Apolonides comes to Argos before him and surpriz'd Five hundred of the Conspirators that were in a Senate in the * A public Place where the great Mâ—n us'd to Sacrifice or a Place where a Court was held belonging to the Senate The Acts of Cassander in Peloponnesus and elsewhere Prytaneum and kept them in and burnt them there alive most of the rest he banish'd and some few more he took and put to Death Cassander having intelligence that Aristodemus was arriv'd in Peloponnesus and that he had listed there great numbers of Soldiers in the first place sought to draw off Polysperchon from Antigonus but not being able to prevail he march'd with an Army through Thessaly and came into Boeotia where having assisted the Thebans in raising of their Walls he pass'd into Peloponnesus and first having taken Cencrea he Spoil'd and Harrass'd all the Territory of Corinth Then he took two Castles by Storm and upon future Faith and Allegiance dismiss'd all the Garison Soldiers that were plac'd there by Alexander Afterwards he besieg'd Orchomenon and being let into the Town by Alexander's Enemies he put a Garison into the City Those that sided with Alexander took Sanctuary in Diana's Temple whom he gave up to the Citizens to do with them as they thought fit whereupon the Orchomenians drew them all out of the Temple by Force and against the common Laws of Greece put them all to Death Cassander went thence into Messenia but finding the City strongly Garison'd by Polysperchon he thought not fit for the present to besiege it but march'd into Arcadia where he left Damides Governor of the * City Stamphalus Vid. p. 705. City and return'd to †Argia P. 706. Argolides and there celebrated the Nem'an Games and return'd into Macedonia When he was gone Alexander with Aristodemus lay before the Cities in Peloponnesus to expell the Garisons of Cassander and endeavour'd all he could to restore the Cities to their Liberties Which coming to the Ears of Cassander he sent to him Prepelaus to work upon him to desert Antigonus and enter into a League of Friendship and Amity with himself promising that if he would do so he would give him the Sovereign Command of all Peloponnesus and create him General of the Army and would advance him to high Places of Honour and Preferment Alexander seeing he was now like to attain that for which from the beginning he made War upon Cassander enters into a League with him and so is made General of all the Forces in Peloponnesus In the mean while Polyclitus Secleucus his Lieutenant sailing from Cyprus came to Cencrea where hearing of the Defection of Alexander and finding no Enemy there to The great Victory both by Sea and Land obtain'd by Polyclitus Seleucus his Lieutenant Encounter he chang'd his Course and set sail for Pamphylia and from thence arriving at Aphrodisiades in Cilicia he there understood that Theodotus Admiral of Antigonus his Navy pass'd by from Patara a Port in Lycia with the Rhodian Fleet furnish'd with Mariners out of Caria and that Perilaus with a Land-Army coasted along by the Shore for the defence of the Fleet if need should be In this case he out-witted them both for he Landed his Men in a Place out of view where the Land-Army must of necessity pass and himself with the Fleet went and lay behind a Foreland waiting for the coming of the Énemy there the Enemy's Foot fell into an Ambush and Perilaus himself being taken Prisoner and his Men all either kill'd or taken The Fleet at Sea seeing the Land-Army engag'd hasted to their Relief but then Polyclitus coming upon them in this Confusion with his Ships drawn up in a Line of Battel put them easily to flight so that Polyclitus took all their Ships and most part of the Men in them and amongst the rest Theodotus Ant. Ch. 313. himself their Admiral sorely martyr'd with Wounds of which he shortly after died Polyclitus having sped so well on all hands
face of the Enemy watching for a fit opportunity to fall upon them by which means they preserv'd their Consederate Cities from annoyance and disturbance from the Enemy With Ant. Ch â—10 the rest of the Army Quintus Fabius the Dictator took Fretomanum and carri'd away the persons of greatest quality that were Enemies to the Romans to the number of Two hundred and upwards and brought them to Rome and expos'd them as a publick Spectacle in the Forum and when he had scourg'd them according to the Roman Custom cut off their Heads He made likewise an inroad into the Enemies Territories and took Celia and the Cittadel of * A City in Campania in Italy Nota with abundance of Spoil and divided a great part of the Country by Lot among the Soldiers the Romans hereupon incourag'd with these successes which fell out according to their hearts desire sent a Colony into the Island call'd * Pontiae Insulae in the Tuscan Sea Plin. lib. 3. c. 6. Porcia an Island in the same Sea call'd commonly Porce The Acts of Agathocles in Sicily Ant. Ch. 310. Pontia As for Sicily after that Agathocles had made Peace with all the Sicilians except the Messenians the Refugees of Syracuse all flockt to Messina because they saw that to be the only City that stood out against him Agathocles therefore with all speed made it his business to break their Confederacy and to that end sent away Pasiphilus his General with an Army to Messina with private instructions to do what he thought fit and most agreeable to the circumstances of Affairs as he should find them hereupon he enter'd the Country on a suddain and after he had taken many Prisoners and got much spoil he Solicited the Messenians to Peace and Amity and that they would not suffer themselves so to be led aside as to join with the implacable Enemies of Agathocles Upon which the Messenians hoping to extricate themselves out of the War without Blows cast out all the Syracusians Fugitives and receiv'd Agathocles with his Army into the City who at the first carri'd himself very courteously and obligingly towards all and courted them to admit those Exiles that were in his Army and had been by them according to Law formerly banish'd into the Freedom and Liberties of the City But afterwards he sent for such out of Tauromenium and Messina as formerly had oppos'd his Government and put them all to death to the number of Six hundred for intending to make War upon the Carthaginians he resolv'd to rid himself of every thing that lookt like an Enemy in Sicily The Messenians therefore seeing their chief Citizens cut off that oppos'd the Tyrant and that they themselves had driven those strangers out of the City that wish'd them so well and that would have been their main strength against him and had been forc't to receive those that had been formerly condemn'd for their notorious Crimes much repented themselves of what they had done but out of fear of the power of the Conqueror they were forc'd to stoop Thence he mov'd in the first place towards Agrigentum with design to make a prey P. 〈◊〉 also of this City But because the Carthaginians were there lately arriv'd with a Fleet of Sixty Sail he desisted and left off that project but wasted and harrass'd the Territories of the Carthaginians and took some of their Forts and Castles by Storm and gain'd others by surrender Among these Turmoiles Dinocrates Captain of the Syracusian Exiles sent to desire Aid of the Carthaginians before Agathocles had brought all Sicily under his own Power and Soveraign Command he himself receiv'd all those Exiles which the Messenians had Ant. Ch. 310 banish'd the City and having now a very great Army sent Nymphodorus one of his Trusty Friends with part of the Army to the City of the Centorippians For this place being a Garrison of Agathocles some of the Citizens had undertaken to betray it upon condition they should be suffer'd to govern according to their own Laws Upon this incouragement therefore breaking into the City in the night the chief Commanders of the Garrison presently took the Alarum and kill'd both Nymphodorus and all the rest that had enter'd within the Walls Agathocles made use of this as an occasion and ground to accuse the Centorippians of Contrivances against his Government and cut the Throats of all those that he look'd upon to be the Ringleaders of the Defection While he was thus imploy'd the Carthaginians enter'd the Port at Syracuse with a Fleet of Fifty Sail but all that they did there was the sinking of two Transport Ships one of which belonged to the Athenians and cut off the Hands of all those that were on board Which was lookt upon as a piece of extream Cruelty towards those that never offer'd them the least Injury and this God made presently to appear For soon after some Ships that were forc'd from the rest of the Fleet about Brutta fell into the hands of Agathocles where those Carthaginians that were taken were serv'd the same sawce with those that were by them taken Prisoners before But Dinocrates Commander of the Exiles having with him above Three thousand Foot and Two thousand Horse seiz'd upon * Or Galatina Galaria as it is call'd invited thither by the Inhabitants and cast out those that sided with Agathocles and then Encamp'd before the Walls of the City Agathecles presently sent against him Pasiphilus and Demophilus with Five thousand Men who fought with the Refugees whose Captains were Dinocrates and Philonides who commanded separately in the two Wings The Battel was doubtful for a long time together while both Armies obstinately stood to it Tooth and Nail But Philonides one of the Captains being slain that Wing fled and Dinocrates was thereupon forc'd likewise to give Ground and Pasiphilus kill'd many of them in the Pursuit and recover'd Galaria and put to Death the Authors of the Defection Agathocles receiving Intelligence of what was done resolv'd to fall upon the Carthaginians Ant. Ch. 310. with his whole Army who had then possess'd themselves of the Hill in Geloa call'd * That is Wicked See p. 729. Eâ—â—â—mes To that end without any further Delay he made up to them and as soon as he came near offer'd them Battel being puff'd up with the Success of his late Victory But the Barbarians durst not engage and thereupon supposing he was absolute Master of the Field without sighting he return'd to Syracuse and adorn'd the chiefest Temples there with the Spoils And these were the Actions of this Year as far forth as is needful for us to give an Account CHAP. VII Cassander Ptolemy and Lysimachus make Peace with Antigonus Cassander murders Rhoxana and her Son The Governors take the Stile of Kings upon them The Carthaginians raise Forces against Agathocles Four thousand Geloans murder'd by Agathocles The Battel between Agathocles and Amilcar the Carthaginian at Himera Agathocles routed Several
were sound But after that they came to understand that the Canopy plac'd upon the Chariot was the Occasion of his Death every one concluded that the Prophecy was fulfill'd But this shall suffice concerning the Affairs of the Bosphorus In Italy the Roman Consuls enter'd the Country of the * In the Greek Italy is for Samnium and Italium for Talium Samnites with an Army and P. 746. routed them in a Battel at Talius But the routed Party afterwards possessing themselves of an Hill and the Night drawing on the Romans retreated to their Camp but the next day the Fight was renew'd and great numbers of the Samnites were slain and above Two thousand and Two hundred were taken Prisoners The Romans being thus successful now quietly enjoy'd whatever they had in the open Field and brought under all the revolting Cities and plac'd Garisons in Cataracta and Ceraunia Places they had taken by Assault and others they reduc'd upon Terms and Conditions CHAP. II. The Acts of Ptolemy in Cilicia and elsewhere Polysperchon murders Hercules Alexander ' s Son by Instigation of Cassander Amilcar taken and put to Death by the Syracusians His Head sent to Agathocles in Africa The Transactions in Sicily Archagathus Agathocles ' s Son kills Lysiscus he and his Son in in great Danger by the Army Affairs in Italy The Works of Appius Claudius the Appian Way Ptolemy comes to Corinth his Acts there Cleopatra Alexander ' s Sister kill'd by the Governor of Sardis The further Acts of Agathocles in Africa Ophellas decoy'd and cut off by Agathocles Ophellas his troublesome March to Agathocles Lamias ' s Cruelty and the Story of her Bomilcar seeks to be Prince of Carthage but is put to Death by the Citizens Agathocles sends the Spoils of the Cyrenians to Syracuse most lost in a Storm Affairs in Italy WHen Demetrius Phalerius was Lord Chancellor of Athens Quintus Fabius the second Olymp. 117. 4. Ant. Ch. 307. time and Caius Martius were invested with the Consular Dignity at Rome At that time Ptolemy King of Egypt hearing that his Captains had lost all the Cities again in Cilicia put over with his Fleet to Phaselis and took that City by Force and from thence The Acts of Ptolemy in Cilicia and other Places Ant. Ch. 307. passing into Lycia took Xanthus by Assault and the Garison of Antigonus that was therein Then sailing to Caunus took the City by Surrender and then set upon the Citadels and Forts that were in it and took them by Assaults As for Heracleum he utterly destroy'd it and the City Persicum came into his Hands by the Surrender of the Soldiers that were put to keep it Then sailing to Coos he sent for Ptolemy the Captain who was Antigonus his Brother's Son and had an Army committed to him by Antigonus But now forsaking his Uncle he clave to Ptolemy and join'd with him in all his Affairs Putting therefore from Cholcis and arriving at Coos Ptolemy the King at first receiv'd him very courteously yet after a while when he saw the Insolency of his Carriage and how he went to allure the Officers by Gifts and held secret Cabals with them for fear of the worst he clap'd him up in Prison and there poison'd him with a Draught of Hemlock As for the Soldiers that came with him he made them his own by large Promises and distributed them by small Parcels among his Army Whilst these Things were acting Polysperchon having rais'd a great Army restor'd Hercules the Son of Alexander begotten upon Barsinoe to his Father's Kingdom And while he lay encamp'd at Stymphalia Cassander came up with his Army and both encamp'd near one to another Neither did the Macedonians grudge to see the Restoration of their King Cassander therefore fearing lest the Macedonians who are naturally Inconstant should Revolt to Hercules sent an Agent to Polysperchon chiefly to advise him concerning the Business Ant. Ch. 307. of the King If the King was restor'd he told him he must be sure to be under the Commands of others but if he would assist him and kill the young Man he should enjoy the same Privileges and Honours in Macedonia that ever he had before And besides that he should have the Command of an Army that he should be declar'd Generalissimo of Peloponnesus and that he should share in the Principality and be in equal Honour with Cassander At length he so caught and ensnar'd Polysperchon with many large Promises that they enter'd into a secret Combination and Polysperchon undertook to murder the young King which he accordingly effected upon which Polysperchon openly Polysperchon betrays and murders Hercules by Cassander ' s Instigation join'd with Cassander in all his Concerns and was advanced in Macedonia and receiv'd according to the Compact Four thousand Macedonian Foot and Five hundred Thessalian Horse and having listed several other Voluntiers he attempted to pass through Boeotia into Peloponnesus But being oppos'd by the Boeotians and the Peloponnesians he was forc'd to retire and march into Locris where he took up his Winter-Quarters During these Transactions Lysimachus built a City in Chersonesus and call'd it after his own Name Lysimachia Cleomenes King of Lacedaemon now dy'd when he had reign'd Threescore Years and Ten Months and was succeeded by Aretas his Son who Rul'd P. 747. Forty Four Years About this time Amilcar General of the Forces in Sicily having reduc'd the rest of that Amilcar taken and put to Death by the Syracusians Ant. Ch. 307. Island marches with his Army to Syracuse as if he would presently gain that City by force of Arms and to that end hindred all Provision from the Town having been a long time Master at Sea and having wasted and destroy'd all the Corn and other Fruits of the Field attempted to possess himself of all the Places about * A strong Fort near the Temple of Jupiter Olympus Olympias lying before the Town Then he resolv'd forthwith to assault the Walls being incourag'd thereunto by the Augur who by viewing of the Intrals of the Sacrifice foretold that he should certainly sup the next day in Syracuse But the Townsmen smelling out the Enemies Design sent out in the night Three thousand Foot and about Four hundred Horse with Orders to possess themselves of * Or Euryalus a Fort upon the highest Point of the Hill over the City call'd the Epipole Euryclus who presently effected what they were commanded to do The Carthaginians thinking to surprize the Enemy fell on about midnight Amilcar commanded the whole Body and led them up having always a strong Party near to support him Dinocrates Master of the Horse follow'd him The Army was divided into two Battalions one of Barbarians and the other of Grecian Confederates A Rabble likewise of divers other Nations follow'd to get what Plunder they could which sort of People as they are of no use in an Army so they are many times the cause of sudden
Postpones the true pleasure of the thing at too great a distance from the first Relation Bomilcar therefore picking out a select number of Men in the * Neopo 〈…〉 New City as it 's call'd not far distant from the Old Carthage dismist all the rest then having call'd togther Five hundred of the Citizens who were * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ‑ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 privy to his Design and about a Thousand Mercenary Soldiers he declar'd himself sole Monarch of the Carthaginians Then he divided his Troops into Five Bodies and set upon the City killing all that he met in the High-ways upon which an incredible Terror and Amazement possest the whole City At first the Carthaginians suspected that the Town was betray'd and that the Enemy had broke in by that means But when the Truth was known the young Men Marshall'd themselves and made against the Tyrant who hasten'd into the Forum killing all he met in the Streets and slaughtering great numbers of naked and unarm'd Citizens But Ant. Ch. 306. the Carthaginians mounting the tops of the Houses that were round about 〈◊〉 Market-place cast down showers of Darts from thence so that the Conspirators the place being altogether expos'd to the Shot were gall'd most grievously Whereupon in a 〈◊〉 Body they forc'd their way through the narrow Passes and got into the New City being ply'd and wounded with Darts and Arrows all along as they came under the Houses Then possessing themselves of a Hill the whole City being now in Arms the Carthaginians drew up their Camp in the face of the Rebels At length they sent some P. 756. of the Ancientest and Gravest of their Citizens to them and remitted what was past and so all things were peaceably compos'd Towards all the rest indeed they perform'd their Articles and because of the Cloud that hung over the City pass'd by the Crimes committed but without any regard had to their Oaths they most ignominiously tormented Bomilcar and put him to death And thus the Carthaginians when their Common-wealth was near upon the point of expiring recover'd their Ancient Form of Government In the mean time Agathocles loaded all his Transport-Ships with Spoils and such of the Agathocles sends Spoils to Syracuse most lost in a Storm Cyreneans as he found not fit and serviceable for the War he put on board and sent them to Syracuse But a fierce Tempest overtook them in which some of the Ships were lost and others were cast upon the Pithecusian Islands bordering upon Italy so that very few arriv'd at Syracuse In Italy the Roman Consuls assisted the Marsilians who were sorely prest by the Samnites Affairs of Italy and were Conquerors killing great numbers of the Enemy upon the place Then they march'd through the Country of the Umbri and invaded Hetruria then in War with them and took a Castle call'd Caprium by Storm But the Inhabitants sending their Ambassadors to Treat upon Terms of Peace they made Peace with the Tarquinians for Forty Years But with the rest of the Hetrurians only for one Year CHAP. III. Demetrius frees all the Grecian Cities takes the Pireum at Athens Demetrius Phalerius flies to Ptolemy Honours given to Demetrius in Athens He sails to Cyprus his Acts there Besieges Salamis His great Engines Ptolemy sails to Cyprus Sea Fight between Ptolemy and Demetrius wherein Ptolemy is routed Antigonus takes the Title of King and the like do several other Captains Agathocles his Acts at Utica in Africk Ty'd pris'ners to a great Engine The sorts of People in Africa Xenodocus routed in Sicily by Agathocles his Captains Agathocles his Acts in Sicily What was done by Archagathus in Africa Maschala inhabited by some Greeks that came from Troy Apes their Custom among the Pithecusce The Carthaginians draw out Thirty thousand Men out of Carthage Misfortunes to Agathocles his Captains in Africa The Army block'd up and almost starv'd Agathocles beats the Carthaginians at Sea near Syracuse His Captain Leptines harasses the Agrigentines Agathocles Feasts the Syracusians His jocund Temper His Cruelty Routed in Africa Carthaginian Camp burnt The misfortune afterward to both Armies by one Cause Agathocles in Chains by his own Men. Steals out of Africa The Soldiers kill his Two Sons They make Peace with the Carthaginians Agathocles his exceeding Cruelty at Aegista and afterwards at Syracuse AT the end of the Year Anaxicrates was Created Chief Governor of Athens and Olymp. 118. 2. Ant. Ch. 305. Appius Claudius and Lucius Volutius Consuls at Rome At this time Demetrius the Son of Antigonus being furnish'd with Two strong Armies one by Land and the other by Sea and provided of Weapons and all other necessaries for the War set forth from Ephesus with full Orders and Instructions to set all the Grecian Cities at liberty and in the first place to free Athens that was then held by a Garison of Cassander's To this purpose he arriv'd at the Pireum with his Fleet and upon his first arrival caus'd the Edict to Demetrius set all the Cities in Greece free be proclaim'd and then assaulted the Pyreum on every side But Dionysius the Governor of the Fort Mynichia and Demetrius Phalerius whom Cassander had made President of the City with a strong Body of Men beat off the Enemy from the Walls But some of Antigonus's Men forc'd their way near the Shoar and scal'd and got over the Walls whereupon many within came in to them as their Assistants and in this manner was the Pyrcum taken Dionysius the Governor fled into Mynichia and Demetrius Phalerius into the City The next day he with some others was sent by the City to Demetrius and after he had treated with him concerning the Liberty of the City and his own preservation Demetrius Phalerius flies into Aegypt he prevail'd so far as to be dismiss'd with a safe Conduct and so without any further Care or Concern for Athens he fled to Thebes and thence to Ptolemy into Egypt And thus he who had Govern'd the City for the space of Ten Years was in this manner thrust out of his Country The People of Athens being hereupon restor'd to their Liberty Ant. Ch. 305. decreed publick Honours to them that were the Authors of their Deliverance Demetrius forthwith brings up his Engines and Battering Rams and Besieges Munychia both P. 757. by Sea and Land But the Dionysians made a stout resistance and by the advantage and difficulty of the heighth of the places to be Assaulted beat off the Demetrians for Munychia is not only strong by Nature but by Art also defended by high Walls though Demetrius indeed far exceeded the other in number of Men and Warlike preparations At length after the Assault had continu'd for the space of Two Days together many of those within being wounded and kill'd by the Shot from the Engines so as that there were not Men enough left to defend the Place the Garison Soldiers began to Flag In the mean time
Ant. Ch. 303. the Beaks of many great Ships that surrounded them Execestus the Admiral and the Captain of the Gallies and some others being ill wounded were taken prisoners the rest by 〈…〉 ing got to their own Men only one Ship was taken by the Demetrians and the rest escap'd the danger After this conflict Demetrius made another Engine which was thrice as big as the former both in height and breadth And now being just upon 〈…〉 ing into Port arose a violent South Wind which burst out of a Cloud on the suddain and sunâ— the Ships which were advancing and overturn'd the Engine Upon which the R 〈…〉 taking the advantage of the present opportunity at the very nick of time flung opâ—n their Gates and made a Sally upon them that enter'd the Port upon which there was a sharp Dispute for a long time together and being that Demetrians could not come up to the assistance of his Men by reason of the Storm the Rhodians still fell upon 'em with fresh Parties one after another so that the Demetrians to the number of Four hundred were forc'd to throw down their Arms and submit After this Victory gain'd by the Rhodians there arriv'd to their aid and assistance a Hundred and fifty G 〈…〉 and Five hundred Men sent by Ptolemy amongst whom were some Rhodians that were Soldiers under the King's Pay And thus stood matters in the Siege at Rhodes at that time In S 〈…〉 〈◊〉 not being able to compose Matters with Dinocrates and the Exiles march'd one with what Forces he had against them looking upon it absolutely necessary Ant. Ch. 303 to hazard his Person and resolutely to fight it out and gain all or lose all He had not with him above Five thousand Foot and Eight hundred Horse Dinocrates with the Exiles seeing the Enemy to come boldly on went out with as much earnestness and resolution to fight them for that he was far superior to the Agathocleans Agathocles routs Dinocrates in number being above Five and twenty thousand Foot and Three thousand Horse Both Armies fate down one against another at a place call'd Gorgius At length they drew up in Battalia and fell to it and the Fight was very sharp for a while by reason of the heat and resolution of both parties But after a little time some deserted Dinocrates to the number of Two thousand and went over to the Tyrant which was the ruine of the Exiles For the Agathocleans were thereupon much more encourag'd and hearten'd but those with Dinocrates were as much amaz'd and dejected and thinking there were many more went off than did they all took to their heels Agathocles pursu'd them a little way but then call'd off his Men from the Slaughter and sent to the broken Troops proposals that all differences being at length laid aside every one should have free liberty to return into their own Country For they found by experience that they were never able to overcome him by force of Arms being even now routed when they P. 779. had an Army far Superior to his in number The Horse indeed all escap'd to the Castle of Ambicas and some of the Foot the Night following got away The greatest part Ant. Ch. 303. possess'd themselves of a Hill but despairing to prevail by force of Arms and desirous to return to their Kindred Friends Estates and Country made Peace with Agathocles Having therefore plighted his Faith to them and thereupon all of them being come down from the Hill which was a natural Fortification he first disarm'd them then hemm'd them in with his Forces and put them every Man to the Sword to the number of Seven thousand as Timaeus says but as others have writ Four thousand For this Tyrant never in the least valu'd either his Word or Oath and increas'd his Power not so much by the greatness of his Forces as by the weakness of his Subjects fearing more his Confederates than his Enemies Having thus cut off his Enemy's Army he receiv'd the rest of the Exiles into his Protection and receiving Dinocrates into Grace Dinocrates in favour with Agathocles and Favour made him General of part of the Army and intrusted him ever after in his most weighty Affairs At which every Man may justly wonder that he who was so jealous and suspicious of every one as that he would never confide in any should to the last maintain a firm friendship only with Dinocrates who having thus betray'd his Confederates seiz'd upon Pasiphilus at Gela and there murther'd him and deliver'd up all the Castles and Cities to Agathocles bringing all his Enemies under his Feet in Two years Ant. Ch. 303 time In Italy the Romans subdu'd the Palinians and took their Country from 'em and some Italy that were Students at Rome they made free of the City Afterwards the Consuls march'd out against the Samnites who had wasted and harrass'd Phaleria and in a Battel routed them wherein they took Twenty Standards and Two thousand Prisoners And after they had taken the City Bola by Assault presently appears Caius Gellius General of the Samnites with Six thousand Men upon which there was then another sharp engagement in which Gellius himself was taken and many of the other Samnites slain and taken prisoners The Consuls being thus successful recover'd Sora Harpina and Serenia Cities of their Allies which had been before taken from them CHAP V. The Siege of Rhodes continu'd The Acts of the Sea Captains of the Rhodians Peace made with the Rhodians The Acts of Agathocles in the Lipari Islands The Acts of Demetrius in Greece The War between the Tarentines and Lucanians The Acts of Cleonymus the Spartan Cassander sends to Antigonus to make Peace who refuses Lysimachus joins with Cassander and so does Ptolemy and Seleucus against Antigonus He marches against Lysimachus Demetrius's further Acts in Greece The Armies of Cassander and Demetrius Demetrius leaves Greece and goes with his Army to his Father in Asia after Peace made with Cassander The misfortunes of Pleistarchus at Sea Ptolemy besieges Sidon but returns to Aegypt upon a false Report Seleucus marches from Babylon with a great Army AFter the former Year had run its course Pherecles was made chief Governor of Olymp. 119. 1. Ant. Ch. 3â—â— Athens and Publius Sempronius and Publius Sulpicius were invested with the Consular Dignity at Rome At the same time was solemniz'd the Hundred and nineteenth Olympiad in which Andromenes the Corinthian bore away the Prize About this time Demetrius who lay still before Rhodes seeing things did not succeed as to his attempts made at S 〈…〉 of Rhodes The City taken Sea resolv'd to Assault the City by Land To that end he made preparation of Plenty of all sort of Timber and fram'd the Engine call'd Helepolis far bigger than any of the former It s Basis was four square every side was almost in length Fifty Cubits made up of four square pieces of Timber
succinct an Account as we can tracing the Steps of Homer Hesiod and Orpheus George Monachus or the Monk who writ in Greek a Chronical History Out of the History of Diodorus concerning the Corinthian Kingdom HAving given an Account of these Things it remains we should now speak of Corinth and Sicyon how they were planted and inhabited by the Doreans for almost all the Nations in Peloponnesus except the Arcadians were removed from their ancient Seats at the time of the return of the Heraclidae who leaving out Corinth in the Division sent Messengers to Aletes and gave him the said Province together with the neighbouring Territory This Man became very famous and enlarg'd Corinth where he reign'd 38 years After his Death the eldest and next of Kin ever succeeded in the Kingdom down to the Reign of Cypsellus 427 years after the return of the Heraclidae The first that reign'd at Corinth after Aletes was Ixion who held the Kingdom 38 years After whom Agesilaus reign'd 37 years and after them Prumnes 35 years and his Son Bacches as long who was the most famous and renown'd of any of his Ancestors so that those that reign'd after him were not call'd Heraclidae but Bacchidae After Bacches Agelas enjoy'd the Throne 30 years Eudamus 25 Aristomedes 35 who after his Death left behind him a Son call'd Telestes a little Child who was depriv'd of his Father's Kingdom by Agemon his Uncle and Guardian who reign'd 16 years After him Alexander came to the Crown and enjoy'd it 25 years and was then kill'd by Telestes who had been before depriv'd of the Kingdom of his Ancestors which he now regain'd and possess'd it 12 years and then was murder'd by some of his own Kindred and Automenes reign'd in his stead One year after which the Bacchidae the Posterity of Hercules enjoy'd the Kingdom for above 200 years and all govern'd together with equal Authority but every year they created one among themselves Prytanis who had the Power of a Monarch for 90 years till the time of the Reign of Cypsellus who put an end to that sort of Government These therefore are the Kings of Corinth Bacches reign'd 35 years The same George of the Original of the Romans A Fragment out of the 7th Book of Diodorus Siculus SOme Writers have erroniously held that Romulus who built Rome was the Son of Aeneas But this cannot possibly be true since there were many Kings that reign'd in course between Aeneas and Romulus the City being built the 2d Year of the 7th Olympiad which was above 430 years after the Trojan War For Aeneas gain'd the Kingdom of the Latines 3 years after the Destruction of Troy and reign'd only 3 years and after his Death was ador'd as a God Ascanius his Son succeeded him and built Alba call'd at this day Longa. He gave the City this Name from the River which was then call'd Alba and now Tiber But Fabius who writ an History of the Roman Affairs speaks otherwise of the naming of this City For he tells a Story how Aeneas was foretold by the Oracle that a Four-footed Beast should shew him the way to the Place where a new City should be built which came thus to pass Being about to sacrifice a * Alba is White White Sow then big with Young made her escape and ran away to a Hill whither she was pursu'd and there she brought forth 30 Pigs Aeneas wondring at the Accident and calling to mind the Answer of the Oracle forthwith went about to settle Inhabitants in the Place but being warn'd by a Vision in the Night to desist and not to build till after 30 years then next ensuing he left off his Design till the number of Years was compleated The Eclogs or Fragments of Diodorus Siculus out of the 21 st 22 d 23 d 24 th 25 th and 26 th Books that are now lost Out of the 21st Book 1. ALL Vice is to be avoided by every Wise Man but especially Covetousness For this through hopes and desire of Gain prompts many to acts of Injustice and so becomes the occasion of the greatest Mischiefs to Mankind For being * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Olymp. 119. 4. Ant. Ch. 299. in the * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 very highest Sphere of Wickedness it involves not only mean Men but even Kings themselves in extream Calamities For Antigonus King of Asia as an Example of this Truth out of his insatiable desire beginning a War against Four other Kings who join'd against him viz. Ptolemy Lagus King of Aegypt Seleucus King of Babylon Lysimachus of Thrace and Cassander the Son of Antipater King of Macedonia perish'd in Battle * At Issus in Phrygia Plut. in Pyrrhus Anian lib. 7. being shot through the Body with Multitudes of Darts and Arrows tho' afterwards Bury'd in a Royal manner and his Son Demetrius with his Mother Stratonice who were then in Cilicia were forc'd to sail away with all the Wealth they had to Salamis in Cyprus that remaining still in the hands of Demetrius 2. Agathocles King of Sicily burnt all the Macedonian Fleet and so freed Corcyra when Agathocles frees Corcyra it was Besieg'd by Cassander both by Sea and Land and very near and likely to be taken Oh the many uncertainties of War For Folly and Fraud many times effect as great things as true Valour and Courage 3. Agathocles being return'd to the rest of his Army from Corcyra when he heard that the Ligurians and Tyrrhenians who were his Mercenary Soldiers had assisted those Agathocles King of Sicily puts 2000 Mercenaries to the Sword who kill'd his Son Archagathus in his absence put them all to the Sword to the number of Two thousand Upon which Account the Brutii deserting him he resolv'd to Besiege their City call'd * Aetini People of Sicily Agathocles takes Crotona in Italy Aethas But the Barbarians in great numbers falling upon him suddainly in the Night cut off Four thousand of his Men and so he return'd to Syracuse 4. Agathocles rigg'd out a great Fleet and sail'd into Italy and having a design to march his Army to Crotona he sent a Messenger before to Menedemus King of Crotona who was his particular Friend not to be afraid of his Motion which was meerly to deceive him and purposing to Besiege the Place he gave out that he was sending away his Daughter Lanassa with a Royal Fleet to Epirus to Marry her And by this Fraud he came upon them when they were unprovided and never suspected him Thereupon applying himself with all earnestness to the Siege he block'd up the Place by a Wall drawn from Sea to Sea And having by his Mines and Batteries ruin'd the greatest House of the Town the Crotoneans out of fear open'd their Gates and receiv'd his Army into the City who breaking in like a Flood first rifl'd all the Houses and then put all the Men to the Sword He likewise made a League with the
in the act of Adultery and that he had done it in revenge of the injury done to his Kinsman And therefore it was better for her quietly to gratifie him in what he desir'd promising her likewise many great and rich rewards and to Marry her and so from a private Condition she should be advanc'd to the State and Dignity of a Queen Lucretia amaz'd with the strangeness and suddenness of the thing and fearful lest it should be thought she was kill'd really for an act of Adultery was quiet at that time The next day when Sextus was gone she presently sent for all her Servants and Houshold and desir'd they would not suffer the Wickedness of the Man to go unpunish'd who had violated all the Laws of Friendship and Hospitality And that for her self she said it was not Honourable longer to survive the violation of her Chastity and having said this she stabb'd her self into the Breast with a Dagger and so breath'd her last 49. Hippocrates King of Gela after his Victory over the Syracusians when he Encampt Hippocrates near the Temple of Jupiter took the Chief Priests and some of the principal Citizens of Syracuse who had spoil'd the Temple of the Consecrated golden Vessels and carry'd away other things especially Jupiter's Cloak which was made of Massy and Solid Gold sharply rebuk'd them as sacrilegious Persons and commanded them forthwith to return to the City He himself toucht none of the things devoted both to buoy up the Credit and Reputation of his own Name as likewise judging it unfit for him who had undertaken so great a War to act so high a piece of Impiety against the Gods Besides he conceiv'd by this means he should stir up the People against the Governors of Syracuse who rul'd the Commonwealth with rigour beyond all bounds of moderation and Equity 50. Thero of Argeâ—â—um for Wealth and Nobility of Birth and his courteous Carriage Thero towards the meanest Man was not only highly honour'd among the Citizens but even among all the Sicilians 51. Cimon the Son of Miltiades when his Father dy'd in the Common Goal because he was not able to pay the Fine impos'd upon him gave up himself into Custody to abide in Prison for his Fathers Mulct that he might have the Body of his Parent to bury it 52. Cimen was very Eminent when he was a Civil Magistrate and afterwards became a famous General in the Wars and perform'd such Actions by his Valour as are worthy of an everlasting Remembrance 53. Those at Thermopyle dy'd fighting couragiously whose Valour c. Which are publish'd in the 11th Book of Diodorus his History P. 9. What after follows in the Manuscript because they are extant in Diodorus his History I have purposely omitted 12 Folio's Out of the 21st Book 1. Antigonus from a private Man advanc'd to the State and Dignity of a King was the most potent Prince of any in his time but not contented with his Condition without the least colour of Right was prompted by his Ambition to grasp at the Dominions of other Princes and by that means * At the Battle of Issus Olymp 119. 4. Bâ—fore Ch. 302. Plut. in Demetrius both lost his own and his Life Cimon together 2. When Agathocles heard how the Ligurians and Tyrrhenians had mutinously fallen upon his Son Agatharchus in his absence for their Pay he put them all to the Sword to the number almost of 2000. 3. The Thracians who had taken in a Battle Agathocles the Son of King Lysimachus sent him back to his Father with several gifts by this means hoping in case of misfortunes to shelter themselves under his protection and hereby likewise to induce him freely to restore their Territory which he then possest For they were out of all hopes of Victory seeing so many potent Kings Confederates with Lysimachus 4. Dromichoetes King of Thrace having taken Lysimachus Prisoner us'd him with all kind of Civility and kissed and embrac'd him calling him his Father and brought him with his Children into the City Helis And when the Thracians came in a Body together and crying out demanded that the Captive King should be brought forth and put to death for that it was but just and equal that they that had adventur'd their lives should dispose as they thought fit of the Captives Dromichoetes making a Speech against putting the King to death told the Soldiers that it was for the publick good to preserve the King For if they kill'd him forthwith some others would take possession of his Kingdom who perhaps might become more formidable to them than Lysimachus But on the other Hand if they preserv'd him that favour might work so much as in gratitude to gain a favourable respect to the Thracians and to procure without running any hazard a Restitution of all those Forts and Castles that formerly belong'd to the Thracians The Army then agreeing to what he said he brought forth all the Friends and Servants of Lysimachus that he could find amongst the Captives and deliver'd them to him Afterwards when he offer'd a solemn Sacrifice to the Gods he invited Lysimachus and all his Friends with the Chief Officers and Commanders of the Thracians to Supper And having prepar'd Two Apartments he cover'd the Beds whereon Lysimachus and his Friends were to sit with rich Carpets part of the spoils taken in the Battle but for himself and the rest of the Thracians the Coverings were but poor and mean He prepar'd likewise Two sorts of Suppers That for Lysimachus and his Friends consist'd of all sorts of Rarities and noble Dishes set upon Silver Tables But for the Thracians he order'd Herbs and Flesh meanly Drest to be set upon a Table uncover'd in wooden Platters To conclude the first were serv'd with Wine in Gold and Silver Bowls But for himself and his Thracians he order'd Cups of Wood and Horn after the manner of the Getes Afterwards in the height of the Feast he fill'd up the greatest Horn with Wine and calling Lysimachus Father askt him whether of the two seem'd to him more Princely a Thracian or a Macedonian Supper When Lysimachus answer'd a Macedonian See the rest in the Fragments of Sentences 5. King Demetrius after he had forc'd the rest of the Cities to a submission carri'd himself nobly towards the Baetians For besides the 14 Persons that were the Heads of the defection he pardon'd all the rest 6. Agatharcus was Valorous and Couragious above his Age For he was very young 7 Timaeus was a bitter Censurer of former Historians yet in other parts of his History Timaeus very careful to declare the Truth but his hatred of Agathocles was such that he forg'd many things in relation to his actions for being Banish'd by Agathocles out of the Island he could not be reveng'd of the Tyrant while he liv'd but after his death he loaded him with Reproaches in his History to make his Memory odious to all Posterity For
several other sumptuous Fabricks for out of hatred against Attalus because he could not catch him he executed his Rage upon these places 25. Philip entring into Attica encamp'd at Cynosarges and afterwards burnt Acadamia demolisht the Sepulchres and robb'd the Temples of the Gods and gratifying his Rage and Philip. Fury as if he had been only incens'd against the People of Athens and not against the Gods themselves as he was spoke ill of before so he was now hated of all and in a short time he was overtaken by the Vengeance of the Gods for he was near being ruin'd by his own imprudence but preserv'd by the Clemency of the Romans 26. Philip discerning he was hated by almost all the Macedonians for his kindness to Philip. Heraclides put him in Prison This Heraclides was a Tarrentine a notorious wicked fellow who from a mild and gentle Prince chang'd Philip into a fierce and cruel Tyrant and therefore * he was exceedingly hated by all the Grecians as well as the Heraclides Macedonians 27. The Name and Fame of Hannibal was nois'd over all the World and therefore Hannibal in every City and Town where ever he came they came in great Multitudes to look at him Ptolemy 28. Ptolemy King of Aegypt for some time Reign'd with great Commendation But afterwards corrupted by Parasites he began to have an evil Eye towards his Tutor Ush An. 374. Before Ch. 202. Ush An. 403. Aristomenes for his freedom in telling him of his faults who had all along manag'd every thing with great prudence and whose advice Philip had before follow'd as his Father but at length he sent him out of the World by forcing him to drink off a Cup of * Hemlock Poyson From that time growing more and more fierce and raging * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 making use of Tyrannical cruelty and not of Regal Authority he was hated by the Aegyptians and not far off from the loss of his Kingdom 29. Ther 's a Temple not far off from Chalcis call'd Delium * where a considerable number of Roman Soldiers that were securely walking up and down to satisfie their Antiochus Magnus Curiosity were on a sudden cut off by Antiochus in a time of Peace and before any War was Proclaim'd For which the King was greatly condemn'd and censur'd by the Grecians as occasioning by this wicked Fact a War with the Romans And therefore Titus Flaminius Titus Flaminius who was then at Corinth call'd Gods and Men to Witness that the King was the first that began the War 30. Antiochus Winter'd at * In Thessaly Demetrias where he laid aside all care of Warlike Affairs Antiochus being then above Fifty Years of Age But he fell in Love with a * Of Chalcis Daughter of Cleoptolemus Ush An. 386 before Ch. 193. young Lady and Married her and set forth most magnificent Shews and publick Games by which means he not only weakned his own Body and effeminated his Mind but infeebled the Courage of his Army and therefore his Soldiers who had passed the Winter in Luxury and Voluptuousness after they were drawn out of their Winter Quarters could neither endure hunger nor thirst or any other hardship but some of them fell Sick and others straggled about here and there far from their Colours 31. King Antiochus seeing the Cities of Thessaly inclining to the Romans and the slow Antiochus Motion of the Forces he expected out of Asia and the carelesness and sloath of the Aetolians continually framing and and pretending one excuse after another was in great strait and very uneasie so that he was highly incens'd at those that advis'd him to begin the War when he was unprepar'd and had no Confederates but only the Aetolians But he greatly admir'd Hannibal for his Prudence who diswaded him to the contrary and therefore now repos'd all his Confidence in him and whereas before he suspected him â—e now made use of him as his most trusty Friend and Councellor 32. Antiochus wholly discourag'd by his late Rout determin'd to leave Europe and Antiochus only be on the Defensive part in Asia and order'd all the Lysimachians to forsake the * Lysimachia in the Hellespont City and pass over into Asia For which every Body censur'd him as for a very imprudent Act whereby without a stroak struck he gave up into the Enemies hands a City so advantageously scituated as might have given a Stop to the Enemies passage out of Europe into Asia as afterwards by experience was found true for Scipio seizing upon Lysimachia thus deserted made great advantage of it for the transporting of his Army 33. Marcus Fulvius the * Chief Justice or Governor of a Province or Chief Commander in an Army Praetor was deservedly punish'd for his abuse of the Roman Confederates in Liguria For he disarm'd the Cinomani who receiv'd him as a Friend and an Allie although he could find nothing against them which thing coming to the Consul's Ears he ordered him to restore their Arms and impos'd a Mulct upon him 34. King Antiochus being in want of Money and hearing there were vast Treasures Antiochus 1 Mac. c 6. r. 1 2 3. of Gold and Silver and other precious Jewels of offerings made in the Temple of Jupiter Belus in Elymais resolv'd to rifle it Coming therefore into the Province of Elymais and pretending that the Inhabitants of that Place had rais'd a War against him he robb'd the Temple and got together a great Sum of Money but in a short time after the Gods executed vengeance upon him for his Sacrilege 35. Philopemenes Governour of Achaia was both an excellent Soldier and a Statesman Philopemenes who all his Life long was of a blameless Conversation and had been frequently Praetor and having govern'd the Commonwealth for Forty Years together much advanc d the affairs of Achaia and was always affable and courteous to the meanest and for his virtue was admir'd both by the Grècians and Romans and yet came at last to an unfortunate End but by a Divine Providence his unhappy Exit was recompens'd after his death with Divine Honours for besides what was publickly decreed by the Achaians in honour of him the Citizens built a Temple in remembrance of him and appointed a Bull for a yearly Sacrifice to him and ordered young Men to sing Hymns in praise and commendation of his noble Acts. 36. Hannibal was the most expert General and perform'd the greatest Enterprizes of any of the Carthaginians he was never troubl'd with any Mutinies in his Army but by his prudent Conduct kept them in their duty and orderly discipline tho' they differ'd as much one from another in their several humours as they did in their various Languages For whereas those of his own Nation were us'd commonly upon every slight occasion to desert and fly to the Enemy none under him durst ever attempt any such thing And
Scipio Africanus the most Eminent of all the Romans that ever were before him was his Grandfather Scipio thus Nobly descended and taken into so famous a Family approv'd himself not the least unworthy the Glory and Renown of his Ancestors For he was brought up and instructed from his Childhood in the Learning of the Greeks and when he was 18 years of age apply'd himself to the study of Philosophy under the Inspection of Polybius of Megalopolis the Historian his Tutor with whom he continu'd a considerable time and increasing in all manner of Virtue he not only excell'd his equals in years but those far elder than himself in Sobriety Affableness Generosity and all other virtnous qualifications But before he fell to the study of Philosophy it was every bodies Opinion that he was but dull and blockish very unworthy to be Heir to so great a Family In the first place he made it his chief Care and Business to be Sober as conducing much to the commendation of his youthful age which was then at his years a very difficult Task For the Youth at that time were hurried away by filthy Lusts and an Excess of intemperance with an impetuous Current some to Sodomy others to Whores Gluttony Drunkenness Revellings and such like Luxurious and Voluptuous Courses For the Romans presently learnt the Effeminate Manners of the Greeks in this kind through the long continuance of the Persian War and besides having gain'd abundance of Wealth they were plentifully supply'd with Fuel to seed their Luxury 76. But Scipio following another course of Life and combating with all his natural corrupt Lusts as with so many wild Beasts within the space of Five years attain'd to a fix'd and habitual state of Sobriety and Temperance To which all giving their Testimony and generally crying him up upon that account he then put forth himself in acts of Bounty Generosity and Liberality in distributing his Money for the good of others For which sort of Virtue he had an Example in his Father Aemilius under whose instruction he was long bred up and now exhibited as it were a perfect Copy of his Virtue But Fortune likewise presented him an Eminent occasion of expressing his Liberality For when Aemilia the Wife of Great Scipio the Sister of Aemilius who conquer'd Perseus dy'd and left a great Estate behind her of which Scipio was Heir he first gave an instance of his generous disposition upon this occasion For his Mother Papiria being cast off long before the death of his Father had liv'd a considerable time separate from her Husband in a far meaner condition than became one of her Noble Birth But Aemilia the Mother of his adopted Father leaving behind her a great Inheritance besides other Riches had a rich Robe and Womans Gown together with a splendid Retinue of Houshold-Servants as being the Wife of the Great Scipio and so Sharer with him in his Estate and Fortune All these Scipio Nobly bestow'd upon his Mother in which stately Habit when she appear'd in publick amongst the Ladies of Quality the Bounty and Generosity of the young Man and his Piety towards his Mother was highly applauded First among the Women and then among all Companies and Societies of Men throughout the whole City This piece of Liberality was lookt upon by the whole City not only as a thing commendable but even wonderful especially at Rome in which City none easily parts with any thing they have to another After this there being a great sum of Money owing to the Daughters of the Great Scipio as their * Portions Dowries and whereas by the Roman Laws the Party that was to pay such Portions had liberty to pay them in Three years time by a certain proportion every year he paid the whole down at once Afterwards when his natural Father Aemilius was dead and he and his Brother Fabius were constituted joint Heirs of his Estate Scipio did another Honourable Act well worthy to be remembred For when he knew that his Brother had far less than himself he freely bestow'd upon him his own share of the Inheritance amounting to above Sixty Talents and so made his Brother as rich as himself which Act being generally cry'd up he did that which was further remarkable For when Fabius was resolv'd to exhibit single Combats by Gladiators at the Funeral of his Father yet was not well able to bear the great Charge it would require Scipio bore half of the Cost and Expence out of his own Purse A little time after when his Mother died he was so far from taking again what he had before bestow'd on her that he gave not only them but all the rest of his Mother's Inheritance to his Sisters altho' no part of her Estate by the Laws belong'd to them Thus Scipio being cry'd up by the unanimous Consent of all Persons for his generosity he grew every day more and more famous and renown'd which he attain'd unto not so much by greatness of Expence as by choice of fit opportunities to express his Kindnesses and an Art in Conferring of his Gifts and Benefits upon proper Objects He gain'd likewise a just Reputation for his Chastity without any Cost or Charge but only by his Moderation and Sobriety from whence likewise he reapt the great Benefit of Health and Strength of Body and following this Course all his life long he injoy'd a Reward of his Temperance with great pleasure and delight And as for all the parts of Valour which is a Virtue absolutely necessary every where especially among the Romans he was not in the least wanting or negligent in that respect Fortune affording him a special opportunity to approve himself for the Macedonian Kings being much given to Hunting Scipio by far surpass'd them all 77. After that the Romans had Conquer'd * Ptolemy Philometer Perseus they put some of them to death Charopus who had sided with the Macedonians and others they sent to Rome But Charopus being cloth'd with an absolute Power and Authority in Epirus because he seem'd to be a great favourer of the Romans at first dealt with the Epirots something gently and mildly but afterwards growing every day more proud and insolent he turn'd every thing in Epirus upside down For by false Accusations against the richest Men he banish'd some put others to death and Confiscated their Goods And he not only squeez'd Money from Men but from Women by the help of his Mother Philota who was more than a Woman in Cruelty and Wickedness Many likewise who were accus'd to be plotting against the Romans he gave up into the Hands of the People who were all Condemn'd to die 78. Orofernes having depos'd his Brother Ariarathes when he ought to have manag'd Orofernes King of Capadocia Ush An. 460. Before Ch. 160. his Affairs with the greatest prudence imaginable and ingratiated himself into the Hearts of his People by Kindness and Acts of Grace and Favour intended no such Matter But being
debarr'd Mortals from these Honours that were due to them from those among whom they convers'd But Clitus who ever heretofore hated Alexander's imitation of the Manners of the Barbarians and the discourses of his Flatterers having now his Spirits something rais'd with Wine was not able to bear those Contempts cast upon the Gods nor that by undervaluing those Acts of the antient Heroes so thankless a piece of service should be paid to the King And declar'd that Alexander had neither done such wonderful things as they cri'd him up for neither did he do any of them himself alone but the Praise of a great part of 'em was due to the Valour of the Macedonians But Alexander was much inrag'd at these words of Clitus neither indeed can I commend him in what he said for I am of opinion it had been much more prudent for him in this time of carouzing to have held his peace as well as to forbear joining with others in this sordid Vice of Flattery And whereas some call'd to mind the Acts of Philip and did all they could most unjustly to bear down and make slight of all he did as nothing at all memorable in the mean time caressing and extolling of Alexander Clitus now not himself began to advance the the actions of Philip and vilifie Alexander and his Atchievments And cast it in the King's Teeth now raging like a Madman amongst other things how he had at the River Granicus in the Charge in the Horse Engagement preserv'd him and impudently stretching out his right Hand cried out This Hand O Alexander preserv'd thy Life in that Battel Alexander not being able longer to endure the unbridled Passion of Clitus or his base language nor his reproaches cast upon him in a rage leapt out towards him but was held back by them that were round about him on the other hand Clitus let fly all the reproachful words he cou'd devise surpassing all bounds The King with a loud voice call'd out for Argyraspides and no Man regarding him he cried out again that he was now in the same Condition Darius was in when he was seiz'd and led away by Ressus and his Accomplices and that there was nothing left him but the Name of a King His Friends then could not hold him any longer but springing from them some say he snatcht a Launce out of the hands of one of his Guards and with that run Clitus through and kill'd him others report it was with a * Macedonian Launce Sarissa deliver'd to him by one of the Guard Aristobulus gives no account whence this mad Fit of Alexander's arose but says all the fault was wholly in Clitus for that when Alexander in a rage rush't up and made at him to kill him he at a back Door shifted out of the way and got quite out of the Trenches into the Fort to Ptolemy the Son of Lagus a Squire of the Body yet could not contain himself but must needs come back again and lighting upon Alexander when he was calling out for Clitus Here 's Clitus Alexander said he upon which the King ran him through with a Sarissa As I cannot but greatly blame Clitus for his Insolency to the King so I am troubled for Alexander on the other side because at that time he expos'd himself as guilty of Two Vices together Anger and Drunkenness to be overtaken with either of which did not in the least become a sober Man But yet again I must praise Alexander upon another account that presently he repented of the soul Fact he had committed For some who write of the Affairs of Alexander say that he set the end of the Spear against the Wall and attempted to run himself upon the point because his Life seem'd hateful to him having through his Drunkenness destroy'd his Friend But many Writers do not mention this But when he was upon his Bed he lay lamenting calling and repeating still the name of Clitus Lanices the Daughter of Dropidus who had brought up Alexander received from him now he was a Man a large reward for his Education she had lost Two Sons in the War fighting for the King and had her Brother now kill'd by his own Hand He cry'd out he was the Murderer of his Friends and wou'd neither eat nor drink for Three days space nor take any care of himself what became of him Some of Bacchus's Priests told him that these Misfortunes befell him because he had neglected to Sacrifice to Bacchus His Friends had much ado to perswade him to eat or drink any thing to refresh him But at last he sacrific'd to Bacchus since it was not displeasing to him that that misfortune should be imputed rather to the Anger of the God than to his own wickedness 9. Of the Death of Calisthenes Arrianus lib. IV. AS to the Adoration of Alexander how Calisthenes oppos'd him and what relates to it 't is reported That it was agreed between Alexander and the Sophisters and some of the Nobility of the Medes and Persians that attended upon him that in the time of their Feasting a Discourse should be started concerning this matter Anaxarchus was the Person that began and declar'd That Alexander had more right to be accounted a God than either Bacchus or Hercules not only for the greatness of his Noble Actions but because Bacchus was a Theban a meer Stranger having no Communication with the Macedonians and Hercules was of Argos as much a Stranger as the other save that Alexander was of the same Stock for he was from the Heraclides and 't is far more just and equal for the Macedonians to adore their own King with Divine Honours than any other And no doubt he said was to be made but they wou'd pay to him Divine Honours when he was dead therefore 't is much better to adore him as a God while he was alive than when he was dead when their Divine Worship of him would be of no advantage to him When these and other things to the same purpose were said by Anaxarchus those who were of the same Pack praised all that was spoken and declar'd they would forthwith * This Adorâ—tion was by Pro stration Adore him But many of the Macedonians who condemn'd Anaxarchus's Speech held their peace But Calisthenes in the midst of the Silence spoke thus Indeed Anaxarchus I count not Alexander unworthy of any Honour how great soever it be that is fit to be ascrib'd to Men but there are prescrib'd Differences amongst Men between Divine and Human Honours amongst many others in the Building of Temples and Erecting of Statues for to the Gods we consecrate Oratories offer Sacrifices and drink Offerings To the Gods are sung Hymns Men are prais'd but not ador'd Kisses in Salutations are given to Men but the Gods are plac'd on high and 't is not lawful to touch 'em and therefore they are worshipp'd with Adoration Solemn Times of Dancings are perform'd to the Gods and Paeans sung to
Paradise in India 121 r. 141 Parents the Honour given to dead Parents in Egypt 48 r. 58 Pasiphae the Wife of Minos 160 Her Carnal knowledge of a Bull 169 r. 183 193 Patricides 162 r. 628 185 How Patricides are punish'd 40 r. 49 Pelias King of Colchos his strange Death by his own Daughters through the Witchcrafts of Medea 154 155 r. 177 178 Penthesilea the Amazon Queen assists the Trojans 77 r. 91 Perjury the punishment of Perjury 40 r. 49 Persians the Persians record their Antiquities in Rolls of Parchment or Skins 71 r. 83 Plague a great Plague in Rhodes and the Cause 213 r. 239 Phaeton the Story of Phaeton 186 r. 210 Phineus a Prince in Thrace his Cruelty towards his two Sons 149 r. 170 Phaenicians brought Letters into Greece 209 r. 235 Eminent for getting of Wealth 191 r. 211 Their Colonies 184 r. 208 Perithous the History of Perithous the Rape of Helen 161 162 r. 184 185 Pillars Hercules Pillars 135 136 r. 157 Pityusa Islands Describ'd r. 106 Pleiades their Names 115 r. 135 Pluto his Genealogy Invention 211 r. 237 Why call'd the God of the Dead 207 r. 233 Punishment of various Crimes in Egypt 40 r. 49 Polynices his War with his Brother 163 r. 186 Pontus or the Pontick Sea once but a Lake 197 r. 213 Of its Breach 148 r. 170 Priamus King of Troy 168 r. 192 Plac'd in the Kingdom by Hercules 152 r. 175 Priapus what 129 r. 149 Promotheus the Explication of the Fable of his stealing of Fire 205 r. 231 His Eagle what r. 11 Loos'd from his Chains by Hercules 135 r. 155 Proserpina her Rape 176 177 r. 199 Places in Sicily dedicated to her 177 r. 290 Proteus King of Egypt 32 r. 39 Why he was said to have several Shapes ibid. Pyramids the Pyramid of Chemmis one of the seven Wonders of the World 32 r. 39 Mountains like Pyramids 106 Pythagoras What be learnt from Egypt 51 r. 62 His Opinion of the Metempsychosis among the Gauls 187 188 r. 212 R. Religion The Neglect of Religion punish'd the Calydonian Boar 145 r. 167 Remphis the Egyptian King exceeding Covetous 32 r. 39 Rhadamanthus his Justice Acts Sons 211 r. 228 His Parents 211 r. 237 The Lawmaker in Crete 160 r. 183 Rhinoceros 99 r. 117 His Fight with an Elephant ibid. Rhodes divided into three Parts 158 r. 182 The great Deluge there 200 r. 226 Why so call'd ibid. Rome taken by the Gauls 189 r. 214 Built by Romulus 137 r. 159 S. Sabaean Arabians 107 r. 125 The Kings Riches c. 107 108 r. 126 Samothracia The Name Inhabitants Deluge Mysteries Temple c. 197 198 r. 200 223 Sands Mountains of Sand 106 r. 124 The sandy Deserts of Arabia 81 r. 96 Sardanapalus his Effeminacy Luxury Deposition Death 65 c. r. 78 79 81 Saturn King of Egypt 5 r. 9 Saturn one of the Titans 204 205 r. 231 Kill'd his Children 207 r. 233 Overcome by Bacchus 122 r. 143 Saturn the Brother of Atlas 116 r. 136 His Impiety c. ibid. The Golden Age of Saturn r. 23 Satyrs the Companions of Bacchus 129 r. 149 Of Osyris r. 11 Why they are worshipp'd 45 r. 55 Scorpions where they abound 97 91 r. 114 Semele her Adultery with Jupiter and how she was consum'd 117 118 r. 137 138 Semiramis her History 55 56 r. 65 66 Her Journey into Bactria r. 67 Builds Babylon 57 r. 68 Her Expedition into India and other Actions 60 c. r. 73 c. Serbon The Lake of Serbon very dangerous 14 r. 18 Serpents vast Serpents in Ethiopia 100 101 r. 118 Destroy Elephants 89 102 r. 104 The great Serpent taken and brought to Alexandria 101 r. 119 How taken fed and made tame ibid. Serpents infest Khodes 201 r. 227 Sesostris King of Egypt 27 28 r. 30 31 Travels through the World his famous Acts 29 30 r. 34 35 c. Sesostris the Second how cur'd of his Blindness 31 r. 38 Sicily its ancient Names 176 r. 199 It s Circuit Princes c. 178 179 r. 202 Once a Peninsula 173 r. 197 Silla a wonderful River 73 Silenus the first King of Nysa 122 r. 143 Tutor of Bacchus 128 r. 148 Sun in what Shape it rises among the Arabians 108 r. 127 It s Circuit and Course 51 r. 62 India directly subject to the Tropick of Capricorn 72 r. 85 Spectra's in the Air among the Lybians 109 r. 128 The natural Reason of them 110 r. 129 Sphinx 162 Spouses in the Baliaries prostituted at the Nuptial Feasts to all the Guests 183 r. 207 Suatues 168 r. 192 As if they were living Men ibid. Stratagems Mock-Elephants made by Semiramis 62 r. 73 Stymphalia the devouring Birds of Stymphalick Lake destroy'd by Herculess 133 r. 154 T. Tantalus his History in short 167 r. 191 Taprobana a Description of the Island and of the Inhabitants and their Manners 90 97 98 99 r. 81 82 c. Thebes in Egypt built by Osiris 6 r. 9 Thebans in Greece their War with the Argives 162 c. r. 186 187. Theseus his Original Acts Wives c. 159 c. r. 182 183 Thespiadae their Original 142 r. 163 Driven out of Sardinia settle about Cuma 182 r. 206 Titans in Africa 113 r. 133 Assist Saturn 116 r. 136 Are rooted out by Bacchus 123 r. 144 The Titans in Crete their Parents Sisters c. 204 205 r. 231 Troglodites their Manners 18 98 99 100 r. 115 117 120 Troy taken by Hercules 143 144 r. 165 166 175 The Pedigree of the Kings 167 168 r. 191 Typhon the Giant in Phrygia 127 r. 234 Trees how Sinnis destroy'd Men by binding Trees together r. 182 Them that sleep in Trees 159 r. 183 V. Uchoreus King of Egypt built Memphis 26 r. 32 33 Venus the Daughter of Saturn 5 r. 9 Her Office 208 r. 234 Her several Names 211 r. 237 Her magnificent Temple in Sicily 172 r. 196 Vesuvius Mount Vesuvius in Campania vomits Fire 138 r. 159 Virgin a monstrous Virgin in Scythia 76 r. 89 Vulcan the Inventer of Fire 5 r. 8 Where he is worshipp'd 209 r. 235 W. Writing from the top of the Leaf downward in Tapribana 83 r. 98 Wine made of Barley found out by Osiris 8 r. 10 X. Xerxes his innumerable Army 56 r. 66 Y. Years an Account of the Egyptian Year 26 r. 32 The Greeks Great Year 78 r. 92 The Lunar Year of 30 Days 12 r. 15 The Year of 4 Months ibid. Z. Zythus a Drink of Barley 127 r. 147 A TABLE OF The Principal Matters In the Last Ten BOOKS of Diodorus the Sicilian Containing his MYTHOLOGIES Note The First Figures of this Table refer to the Pages of this Book and the Last Figures with r. before them refer to the Pages of Rhodomannus's Edition plac'd in the Margin of this Book A. A Gathocles his Butcheries in Sicily 687 r. 770 Abderites almost all cut off by the Treballians 423 r. 476 Deliver'd by Chabrias ibid. Acarnanians their
War with the Ambrociats 287 r. 317 Achaians assist Phayllus 494 r. 529 Demetrius restores Liberty to their Cities 494 r. 786 Acimnestus his unfortunate aspiring to the Government at Enna 364 r. 402 Agrigentines their War with the Syracusians and their Rout 243 r. 269 Ada Princess of Caria Restor'd by Alexander the Great 531 r. 574 Adranum in Sicily built 375 r. 416 Aeacides King of Epirus endeavours to restore his Sister Olympias to the Kingdom of Macedon 612 r. 676 But in Vain 624 r. 690 Is expell'd his Kingdom ibid. Restor'd and afterwards kill'd in a Battel 642 r. 712 Aegestines their War with the Lilybaeans 259 r. 286 With the Selinuntians 297 r. 328 Burn the Tents of Dionysius 382 r. 425 The Cruelties Executed upon them by Agathocles 686 r. 769 Aegesta wholly Destroy'd and Raz'd 687 r. 770 Aegineans are Subdu'd by the Athenians 256 r. 283 Expell'd by the Athenians 281 r. 309 Aegium taken and raz'd by Aristodemus 637 r. 707 Aegppt their Defection from the Persians 252 r. 279 The two Persian Expeditions against them 254 255 r. 280 281 282 They assist Evagoras against Artaxerxes Mnemon 410 r. 460 King Acovis leagues with Gaius against the Perseans 413 462 King Tachus his War with Artaxerxes 473 r. 504 They revolt from Tachus and Tachus restor'd by Agesilaus 474 r. 506 Revolt from Artaxerxes Ocus 496 r. 531 Gain'd by Alexander M. 542 r. 588 Ptolemys Province 591 r. 628 648 Aequi Conquer'd by the Romans 289 r. 319 786 Aetna the City Aetna first call'd Eunesia 254 r. 281 Aetolians overcome the Athenians and Besieg'd Naupactus in vain 287 r. 317 Rebell against Alexander the Great 522 r. 563 Oppose Alexander's Edict 577 r. 632 Their War with Antipater 584 r. 641 Their Treachery against the Agrineans 638 r. 708 Africa dry and full of Serpents 674 r. 754 The Africans rebell against the Carthaginians 391 r. 437 Divided into four Sorts 681 r. 762 Agathocles his Original Increase and Cruelty 607 r. 670 Becomes King 610 r. 673 His Cruelty at Gela 655 r. 739 His Fight with the Carthaginians at Ecnomus unsuccessfull 655 r. 729 His Preparations for an Expedition into Africa 658 r. 734 Burns his Ships in Africa Beats the Africans 660 c. r. 738 739 740 His further Acts there 670 r. 749 r. 750 752 His treachery against Ophellas 673 c. r. 753 754 Takes Utica 680 r. 761 Flies back into Sicily 681 r. 762 His Acts there 682 683 c. r. 764 r. 765 766 Returns into Africa and is worsted by the Africans 685 r. 767 A mutiny in his Camp ibid. Flies out of Africa his Sons murder'd and his Army dispers'd and all made Slaves 686 687 r. 769 His Cruelty upon the Aegestines 687 r. 769 And the Syracusians idid His Sacrilege and Death 699 r. 785 Agesilaus General against the Persians 392 r. 438 His Praise 421 r. 473 His Acts in Egyyt 474 475 r. 505 506 His Death 475 r. 506 Agis King of Lacedemon 277 r. 306 Accus'd for making Peace wiuh the Argives 295 r. 326 His Valour at the Battel of Mantinea 295 r. 326 General against Antipater 547 r. 595 His Heroical Death ibid. Agrigentines overcome by the Syracusians 243 r. 269 A famous Pond there and other Works 228 r. 256 Their ancient Grandeur 340 r. 374 Besieg'd 341 r. 377 The Miserable destruction of the City 343 r. 379 They afterwards seek to free all the Cities of Sicily 670 681 r. 748 762 Agrinium a City of Acarnania the Cities put to the Sword by the Aetolians against terms agreed 638 r. 708 Alcetas Brother of Perdiccas overcome by Antigonus 593 r. 651 Betray'd by the Pisidians kills himself 594 r. 652 Alcibiades sent by the Athenians to Argos against the Lacedemonians 296 r. 327 His Praise 297 r. 329 Accus'd to be the â—â—thor cutting off the Nead of Mercury's Statues 301 r. 332 Is Condemn'd in his absence 301 r. 333 Flies to Sparta ibid. Restor'd to favour of the People 333 r. 367 368 Banishes himself 336 r. 370 Treacherously murder'd by Pharnabazus 362 r. 400 Alesa built by Archonides in Sicily 364 r. 403 Alexander the Son of Amyntas King of Macedon 433 r. 488 His Acts against Alexander Phereus 434 r. 489 Kill'd by Ptolemy Alorites 478 r. 510 Alexander M. a short History of him 521 r. 562 The Fight at Chaeronea 516 r. 555 His besieging and razing of Thebes 524 527 r. 568 His design against Persia his Passage into Asia and mustering of his Army 528 r. 570 The Battel at Granicum 529 r. 571 r. 572 573 His Acts in the lesser Asia 529 530 r. 574 576 His desperate Sickness 534 r. 578 The Battel at Issus 535 r. 579 Besieges Tyre 538 r. 583 Takes Gaza 541 r. 588 Gains Egypt ibid. Goes to Jupiter Hammon's Temple 542 r. 589 The Battel at Arbela 546 r. 591 Enters Susa 551 r. 598 His kindness to the Greeks maim'd by the Persians 550 r. 597 Persepolis burnt by him 552 r. 599 Thalestris Queen of the Amazons 554 r. 603 His other Acts in Persia 555 556 c r. 604 605 606 His Expedition into India 558 r. 608 His Acts there 560 c. r. 610 612 613 His War with the Oxydracans 563 r. 613 His desperate Case and Hazard there ibid. Marries Statira 567 r. 619 Enters into Babylon 570 r. 622 Prodigies before his Death 572 r. 624 His Intemperance Sickness and Death ibid. The Division of his Conquests among his Captains 574 591 r. 628 648 A Description of his Funeral Charriot 586 r. 642 The Captains join with Eumenes and presently fall from him 617 r. 682 The magnificent Feast of the Captains and Great Commanders in Persia 617 r. 682 The third division of the Provinces 628 r. 696 All the Captains join against Antigonus 633 r. 701 Great Captains take upon them the Stile of Kings 654 680 r. 728 761 Alexander King of Epirus 510 r. 548 Alexander Son of Alexander the Great together with his Mother murder'd by Cassander 654 r. 728 The Family of Alexander the Great Extinct 672 r. 752 Alexandria in Egypt built by Alexander the Great 543 r. 589 Another beyond Caucasus 568 r. 606 Another in India 556 r. 617 Alexander Pheraeus his War with the Thessalians and Macedonians 434 438 r. 489 494 His Cruelty 440 a. 466 His other Acts 442 475 r. 499 507 Is murder'd by his Wife 483 r. 517 Alexander Polysperchon his Acts 602 623 632 636 c. r. 662 689 700 706 c. Amazons the Queen lies with Alexander the Great r. 663 Amilcar the Carthaginian General besieges Himera 226 r. 253 His Death 227 r. 254 Amilcar the Carthaginian General against Agathocles 654 r. 728 Is taken attempting to surprize Syracuse in the night and his Punishment 669 r. 747 748 Amhictyons their decrees against the Spartans 491 r. 525 Against the Phocians 505 r. 542 Amphipolis an Athenian Colony their Slaughters 252 276 r. 278 304 279 Their various Changes 290 r. 321
r. 444 490 521 His Praise 516 r. 555 Issus the Battel at Issus by Alexander M. with the Persians 535 r. 579 Judges in Persia are flea'd alive 411 412 r. 462 463 L. Lacedemon the Earthquakes at Sparta 244 r. 270 Take Athens 353 r. 389 Their Quarrels with the Eleans 365 r. 404 Assist Cyrus against his Brother ib. 367 r. 405 407 Lose their Dominion at Sea 394 r. 441 Overcome by the Athenians in a Sea-fight at Naxus 422 r. 475 Their War with the Argives 493 r. 528 Lamia the Story of Lamia 674 r. 754 Lamia the Beginning and Cause of the Lamian War 490 576 r. 525 631 Laws Laws of Charondas 267 r. 295 Of Zeleucus 269 r. 298 Of Diocles the Syracusian and his Tragical End 314 r. 347 Of the Twelve Tables of Rome 271 272 r. 300 301 Confirm'd by the Death of the Legislator 270 314 r. 290 347 Leonides the Spartan General at Thermopyle 217 r. 244 His Heroick Death there 220 r. 247 Leosthines the Athenian General in the Lamian War 569 r. 621 Overcomes Antipater 579 r. 634 His Death and Praise ibid. Lesbians subdu'd by the Athenians 286 r. 315 Libanus a Description of Mount Libanus 367 r. 407 Long Life of Democritus 362 r. 401 Lucanians their War with the Thurians and remarkable Victory 400 r. 448 With Dionysius the younger 479 r. 512 With the Tarentines 701 r. 787 Lycaonia the Situation 576 r. 630 Lydia the Province of Meleager 574 r. 628 The Situation 576 r. 630 Lysander the Spartan General against the Athenians 333 r. 368 His Victory over the Athenians at Aegos Potamos 352 r. 388 His Death 393 r. 439 Lysimachus one of Alexander M. his Commanders Thrace his Province 574 r. 628 Relieves the Rhodians with Provision r. 782 Assists Cassander 702 r. 788 Stoops to Antigonus ibid. Lysimachia built 667 r. 746 M. Macedonians the Parricides amongst the Macedonian Kings 477 r. 510 Rout the Greeks at Charonea 516 r. 555 Mago the Carthaginian General fights with Dionysius and is kill'd 414 r. 465 Mantineans overcome by the Lacedemonians 295 r. 326 The City Mantinea besieg'd and taken by the Spartans 411 413 r. 460 464 The Battel with the Tageans describ'd 445 r. 502 503 Their War with the Megalopolites 449 r. 507 Marathon the Slaughter of the Persians there r. 242 Marmarensians being besieg'd burn their Houses Parents and Friends 532 r. 576 Megalopolis built 439 r. 495 Their War with the Mantineans 449 r. 507 With the Spartans 495 r. 530 Megara the Acts of the Megareans 231 256 265 r. 258 283 293 Their Sedition r. 478 Mentor the Rhodian betrays the Sidonians 496 r. 532 His other Acts 500 c. r. 536 c. Mesopotamia the Province of Arcesilas 574 r. 628 The Situation 576 r. 630 Messenians their War with the Spartans 248 r. 274 Are routed out of Greece by the Spartans 374 r. 415 Their Increase in Sicily 392 r. 438 The City Messina in Sicily sack'd by the Carthaginians 382 383 r. 426 427 Repair'd by Dionysius 392 r. 437 They assist Dion 481 r. 515 The City gain'd by Agathocles 652 r. 726 Messina in Peloponnesus rebuilt by Epaminondas 435 r. 491 Meteors an Astrological account of them 429 r. 483 Methon a City in Thrace Sack'd by Philip 493 r. 528 Meton the Circle of 19 years call'd Enneadeceterides 227 r. 305 Miletum their War with the Samians 273 r. 301 Their bloody Sedition 352 r. 388 Mitylene taken by the Athenians 285 286 r. 314 315 Their Goods sold ibid. The Port 340 r. 375 Motya a City of Sicily r. 359 Taken by Dionysius 373 379 r. 414 422 Recover'd by the Carthaginians 382 r. 426 Munychia Raz'd by Demetrius 676 r. 756 Muses the Games of the Muses in Macedonia 527 r. 570 Mycale a Description of the battel at Mycale 234 r. 261 Mycenas Raz'd to the ground by the Argives 249 r. 276 N. Nabathaeans Arabians their Laws and Manners 650 r. 722 Their War with Demetrius 651 r. 724 Naxus Raz'd by Dionysius 480 r. 513 Nectanabus King of Egypt his War with Artaxerxes 425 r. 478 Nectanabus revolts from his Father Tachos King of Egypt and is overcome by Agesilaus 448 r. 506 Rebells against Ochus 496 r. 531 Neptune the Causer of all Earthquakes and Innundations 429 r. 483 Priests drown'd in the Sea offer'd to him 305 r. 377 Niceas the Athenian General his Acts 485 r. 519 His Expedition into Peloponnesus 290 r. 320 His great misfortunes and lamentable Condition in Sicily 307 308 311 312 r. 340 341 344 345 Is put to death 314 r. 347 Nicocles the Cyprian the Tragical end of him and his whole Family 665 r. 743 Nicolaus the Syracusian his brave Speech for the saving the Athenian Captives from being put to death 200 r. 241 O. Ocean the Wonders found in it 568 569 r. 618 619 Ochus King of Persia succceeds Artaxerxes 448 r. 506 His Expedition against Egypt 491 r. 531 His Acts 498 534 Is destroyed with his whole Family 413 r. 564 Olympias the Mother of Alexander M. 598 r. 658 Her Return out of Epirus into Macedonia and Cruelty towards Archidoeus and Eurydice and others 612 r. 676 The terrible Famine in the Siege of Pydna 621 r. 697 Her Accusation and Death 629 630 r. 698 699 Olympus the Temple of Jupiter Olympus at Agrigentum 340 r. 375 Another at Syracuse 301 514 r. 333 553 Olynthians their War with Amyntas King of Macedon 416 r. 467 Demand their Land again 397. r. 444 War with the Lacedemonians 417 r. 468 Ophellas Subdues the Cyrenians 583 r. 639 Joins with Agathocles in Africa 673 r. 753 He with his Auxiliaries perfidiously slain by Agathocles 674 r. 754 His Cruelty ibid. Oracle of Dodona 439 r. 495 Of Hammon 543 r. 589 Oracles deliver'd to Alexander M. at Hammon ibid. To the Clazomeans and Cumeans concerning Leuca To Dionysius of his death 440 r. 496 To Eumelus King of Bosphoros of his death 667 r. 745 To the Helicenses 428 r. 482 To the Ionians ibid. To the Lacedemonians of expiating the murder of Pausanias 239 r. 266 To the Messinians in Sicily 399 r. 447 To Philip before his death 517 r. 557 To Philomelus 489 r. 524 To Satyrus King of Bosphorus of the manner of his death 667 r. 745 To Seleucus by the Caldeans 632 649 r. 701 720 To the Spartans of the Victory of the Thebans 241 430 r. 268 485 To the Thebans of the Victory at Leuctra Of their ruin 524 r. 566 To Timoleon of his success in Sicily from Ceres 508 r. 545 Orchomenos Raz'd by the Thebans 441 r. 498 The Thebans their old Enemies ibid. Ostracism the Law and manner of it at Athens 244 r. 270 P. Pallica a City in Sicily built by Ducetius 261 r. 288 It s Growth and Destruction ibid The strange boiling Pots call'd Craters in the Earth there ibid. Pamphilia the Province of Antigonus 574 r. 628 The Situation 576 r. 630 Paphlagonia with Cappadocia 574 628 The Provinces of Eumenes
amongst the Argives what it is 432 r. 487 Sedition Of the Arcadians 433 r. 488 Of the Argives ibid. Of Alexander M. his Soldiers 568 r. 620 The most bloody Sedition of the Corcyrians 322 r. 355 Of the Corinthians 424 r. 477 Of Dionysius his Horsemen 355 r. 392 Of Megareans 425 r. 478 Phialeans 424 r. 477 Of the Phliasians 425 r. 478 Against Timoleon 513 514 r. 551 553 Of the Syracusians 253 r. 280 Of the Zacynthians 426 r. 480 Seleucus Governour of the Province of Babylon so made by Antipater 590 r. 648 His Acts 613 632 634 635 646 r. 677 701 703 705 717 Recovers Babylon 649 r. 720 Wears a Diadem 680 r. 761 Serpents the Serpents of India the Greatest and the most Venomeus 562 r. 610 Of Africa 674 r. 754 Sicilians their War with Hannibal 339 r. 374 With Imilcar 341 r. 377 With Imilco 380 r. 423 With Hanno 312 r. 545 With Amilcar 654 r. 728 Assists Dion 481 r. 515 Recover their Liberty by the help of Timoleon 511 r. 548 Sidonians their Revolt from Ochus King of Persia 496 531 Are betray'd by Mentor the Rhodian 497 c. r. 532 c. Their miserable Destruction 498 r. 533 Socrates His Condemnation 374 r. 416 Sogdiana Its Scituation 576 r. 630 Sophocles the Athenian General in Sicily 285 r. 314 The wonderfull Death of the Poet 351 r. 387 His Son likewise a Tragick Poet 382 r. 425 Soul the Immortality 574 r. 627 The Cure of the Soul more excellent than the body 268 r. 296 Spartans the praise of them that were kill'd at Thermopyle â—â—0 r. 247 Sparta first bâ—sieg'd by the Thebans 435 r. 490 Speech Gyiipus the Lacedemonian his severe Speech against the Athenian Captives in Sicily 312 r. 345 Nicolaus his brave Speech to save their lives 308 c. r. 341 c. Stratagems of the Aegestines against the Athenians of Agathocles against the Geloans 609 655 r. 672 729 Against the Carthaginians 656 659 660 661 664 671 683 r. 730 735 736 738 r. 741 750 705 Against Sosistratus 602 r. 672 Of Alcibiades in perswading Ducetius to to fortify Sparta 303 r. 335 Of Alexander M. in Burning his Fleet 530 r. 573 c. Susa deliver'd up to Alexander M. 548 r. 596 The Situation 576 r. 630 Sybrarites Sybaris razed by the Crotoniats 266 r. 294 Repair'd 267 r. 295 Again erected 261 267 271 r. 288 295 300 Syracusians Besiâ—g'd by the Athenians 302 r. 334 Overcome the Athenians in several Sea-Fights 305 r. 337 Their Cruelty upon the Athenian Captives 314 r. 347 Their many Wars with the Carthaginians 319 320 339 341 r. 352 353 374 377 With Dionysius 359 r. 398 They beat Imilco in a Sea-Fight 385 r. 430 How they were freed from the Tyranny of the Dionysiates 481 510 r. 515 547 Dion receiv'd ibid The City plunder'd by the Dionysians 485 r. 520 Deliver'd from slavery by the assistance of the Corinthians under Timoleon 507 509 510 r. 544. 546 547 The City sadly plunder'd by the Soldiers of Agathocles 609 r. 673 His cruel punishment of the Citizens 687 r. 770 And his butchery of the Fugitives 693 r. 777 Syria the Province of Laomedon 574 r. 628 The Situation 576 r. 630 Subdu'd by Ptolemy 592 r. 650 T. Tarrentines Their unfortunate War with the Japygians 241 r. 268 They help the Sicilians against Agathocles 640 r. 710 Antigonus against Eumenes 620 r. 686 Their War with the Lucanians 701 r. 787 Tauromenum When built 480 r. 513 Tegeans Their War with the Mantineans 477 r. 510 Teribazus the Persian Governor of Armenia allows quiet Passage to the Greeks returning out of Persia 378 r. 411 Is accus'd by Orontes and acquitted 411 412 r. 462 463 Thais the Strumpet perswades Alexander M. to burn Persepolis 511 r. 600 Thalestris the Amazon Queen comes to Alexander M. to have Issue by him 554 r. 603 Thebans their War with the Athenians 257 280 286 300 r. 284 308 319 322 Their Cittadel Cadmea seiz'd by the Spartans against the League 417 421 r. 468 474 They refuse to join in the General Peace 424 429 r. 477 483 Their great War with the Lacedemonians ibid. The Prodigies that appear'd before the War ibid. Their Victory at Leuctra 407 r. 456 Their other Acts 408 434 436 r. 457 489 492 Their Expedition into Peloponnesus 437 r. 493 Another Expedition into Peloponnesus 440 r. 496 Some Battels with the Lacedemonians 495 r. 530 They raze Phocis 496 r. 531 Their Fight with the Phoceans 503 r. 539 Thebes Garrison'd by Philip and afterwards driven out 516 521 r. 556 563 Rebell against Alexander M. 524 525 r. 566 567 The miserable destruction of their City and Inhabitants by Alexander M 526 527 r. 568 569 The City rebuilt by Cassander 630 r. 699 It s various Changes 631 r. 700 Themistocles the Athenian General 216 r. 243 His wise Counsels at Artemesium and at Salamis 222 223 r. 249 250 His Stratagems 224 225 r. 251 252 His banishment 243 r. 269 Flies to Xerxes 244 r. 270 His last Stratagem whereby he deceiv'd Xerxes 245 r. 271 His Death and praise 245 246 r. 271 272 Theodorus His brave Speech to the Syracusians to preserve their Liberties 386 r. 431 Thermopyle defended bravely by the Greeks against Xerxes 217 219 r. 244 246 Thrace The Province of Lysimachus 574 r. 628 They waste Chersonesus 375 r. 417 Treacherous to the Abderites 423 r. 476 Their War with Lysimachus 640 r. 711 Thucydides where he begins and ends his History 319 377 r. 306 352 Tigris The Course of the River Tigris 549 r. 597 Join'd with a Bridge by Antigonus 614 r. 680 Timoleon The Corinthian General into Sicily A short Account of his Acts 507 c. 513 r. 544 c. 551 Causes Peace and Plenty all over Sicily 513 514 r. 552 553 His Death and pompous Funeral at Syracuse 516 r. 556 Tissaphernes the Persian General fights bravely with Cyrus 368 r. 408 Treacherously cuts off the Grecian Commanders 369 r. 410 His War with Agesilaus in the Lesser Asia 392 r. 438 Overcome by Agesilaus 393 r. 439 And afterwards Beheaded ibid. Trees Trees distilling of Honey 553 r. 602 Tribunes Military Tribunes when first Created at Rome 251 271 272 277 r. 278 300 301 306 Tripolis a City in Phoenicia 496 r. 531 Tunis taken by Agathocles 501 r. 737 Tyrants the Thirty Tyrants at Athens 357 358 c. r. 395 c. Their Cruelties ibid. 372 r. ibid. 413 A Tyrant distracts every body 675 r. 755 How Tyrants are to be dealt with 411 r. 461 Tyre besieg'd by Alexander M. 537 c. r. 583 c. Made a Peninsula ibid. Is taken 431 r. 486 An ancient City is had been but then destroy'd 537 r. 583 Afterwards rebuilt 541 r. 587 V. Virginia kill'd by her own Father at Rome to prevent her being a Slave to a Villain that had sworn she was his Slave Servant 271 r. 300 Virtue we hate when it 's present but desire it earnestly
Fumes of Lime b 38. e 2. 736 D. Demetrius King of Syria overcomes Alexander b 32. e 1. 724 E. Enna taken and plunder'd by the Slaves b 34. e 2. 727 Eunus the Juggler and Captain of the Slaves in Sicily ibid. H. Heraris a young Wife becomes a Man b 32 e 1. 724 Hermaphrodites strange Relations of Hermaphrodites ibid. I. Jerusalem the Temple by Antiochus Epiphanes taken by Antiochus Eupator b 34. e 1. 726 Jews hated of all An Heathenish Relation of their Coming out of Aegypt b 34. e 1. b 40. e 1. 726 736 Their Laws by Moses ibid. Jugurtha King of Numidia brought Prisoner to Rome b 36. e 1. 729 M. Marsian War b 37. e 1. 734 Masinissa his Srength and Age b 32. e 3. 325 Megallis the wife of Demophilus of Enna thrown down a Rock by the Women Slaves for her former Cruelty b 34. e 2. 327 Titus Minutius buys a Slave he fell in Love with for a great Sum of Money and stirs up the Servile War in Italy at length betray'd by his own men b 36. e 1. 729 Moses his Acts b 34. e 1. b 40. e 1. 726 736 N. Nerva manages the War against the Slaves in Sicily slothful b 36. e 1. 730 P. Persius King of Macedonia his extream Misery b 31. e 2. 722 Pompey his Death b 37. e 2. 734 Prusias King of Bithynia murder'd by his Son b 32. e 4. 726 R. Romans their superstition b 36. e 2 733 Their Statues of their Ancestors b 31. e 4. 723 Their Degeneracy from their former Frugality b 37. e 1. 734 S. Salvius a Piper Captain of the Slaves in Sicily is made King and call'd Tripho b 36. e 1. 731 Sicily It s lamentable Condition in the time of the servile Wars b 36. e 1. 729 Sylla His War with Marius his remarkable Death b 37. e 2. 735 T. Titinius betrays the S 〈…〉 s in Sicily b 36 e 1. 731 V. Varius Captain of the Slaves in Sicily b 36. e 1. ibid. Viriathus General of the Lusitanians once a Captain of Thieves his Successes against the Romans b 32. e 5. 726 W. War The War of the Slaves among the Romans b 34. e 2. 727 And in Attica ibid. At Nucera Capua and by Minutius b 36. e 1. 729 The Servile Wars in Sicily under Eunus Varius Salvius and Athenio b 34. e 2. b 36. e 1. 727 729 The FRAGMENTS out of the History of Diodorus the Sicilian Publish'd by H. Valesius A. ACtaeon pull'd in pieces between those that strove for him See Archias Lib. 6. Sect. 15. Page 743 Agathocles Kill'd with a Thunderbolt l 6. s 16. ibid. His Revenge upon his Soldiers that kill'd his Son l 2◠s 2. 748 Archias his vile love to Actaeon a virtuous young Boy l 6. s 15. 743 Astyages King of the Medes his Cruelty towards his subjects l 6. s 30. 745 Adrastus by Chance kill'd Atys the Son of Croesus Kills himself for it l 6. s 32 ibid. Atys See Adrastus ibid. Aeneas his Care of his Father when Troy was taken l 6. s 8. 742 Aristogon his praise l 6. s 46. 747 Antigonus one a private Man Kill'd through his Ambition l 21. s 1. 748 Apollodorus King of Cassandria in Macedonia his Cruelty l 22. s 5. 750 Attilius Regulus the Roman General his Misfortunes at Carthage routed by Xanthippus l 23. s 1. 751 Antiochus the Great his Acts l 26. s 28 to 33. 757 His strange familiarity with ordinary fellows l 26. s 43. 758 Epiphanes his foolish and light Carriage at Sports and in Feasts ibid. s 67 68 69. 761 Antiochus Cyzienus addicted to Puppit-Plays c. hunting wild Beasts in the night l 34. s 25. 774 Aradians slew the Ambassadors sent to them from the Marathenians l 26. s 97. 767 Arsases King of Parthia his praise l 26. s 107. 769 Attalus his cruelty l 34. s 9. 771 Athenaeus Antiochus's General abusive in his Quarters afterwards was famish'd to Death because none would relieve him by reason of his former abuses l 34. s 16. 722 Asellus See Lucius Asellus 776 B. Bias one of the Seven Wise Men His noble Entertainment and Redemption of Captive-Virgins l 6. s 28. 744 C. Castor and Pollux l 6. s 1. 741 Chilo one of the Seven wise Men l 6. s 26. 744 Cyrus his Praise l 6. s 29 31 34. 744 Croesus Cyrus his Kindness to him l 6. s 33 34. 745 Cambyses l 6. s 44. 747 Cimon his love to his Dead Father l 6. s 51. His Praise 52. 748 Carthaginians their War with the Mercenaries See War 752 Their Cruelty towards the Micatanian Revolters l 26. s 10. 754 Cretians their Treachery to the Citizens of Siphnus Corinth Rebuilt by Julius Caesar l 26. s 92. 766 Caius Gracchus his Head sold by his tr 〈…〉 rous Friend Lucius Metellius for its Weight in Gold l 34. s 22. 773 Drew out the Brains and pour'd in Lead to make it weigh heavier ibid. Caius Marius one of the Ambassadors sent to Metellus despis'd by him but belov'd by the Soldiers l 34. s 28. 775 Caius Domitius See Pompaedius D. Dromichares King of Thrace his kind Usage of Lysimachus and his Son when he had them prisoners Demetrius Nicanor King of Syria his Cruelty l 26. Demetrius Son of Philip King of Macedon murder'd by his Father through the instigation of his Brother Perseus l 26. s 39. 758 Decius Treacherously kill'd all the Rheglans l 22. s 1. 750 His end ibid Diegulis King of Thrace his cruelties l 26. s 104 105. 769 E. Eleans Consecrated to Jupiter by the Policy of the Lacedemonians l 6. s 12. 742 Eucephus his Treachery concerning Polychares his Cattel and his Cruelty l 6. s 14. 742 Eumenes his Kindness to his Brother Attalus tho' he had married his Queen in his absence upon news of his death l 26. s 44. 759 His other Acts s 48. ibid. His Praise s 66. 761 Eumenes King of Parthia his Cruelty raz'd a great part of Babylon F. Fimbria encouraged his Soldiers to plunder l 37. s 11 12. His Cruelties s 13. 779 G. Gauls their Cruelty l 26. s 65. 761 Gorgus Father and Son their remarkable love one to another H. Hippomenes caus'd his own Daughter to be eaten up by a Horse l 6. s 20. 743 Hamilcar his cruel usage by the Sons of Attalus l 24. s 5. 752 Hannibal his Acts l 26. s 1 2 3 4 5 6 9. 753 His Praise s 36. 757 Hieronymus King of Syracuse murder'd by his Subjects l 26. s 7 8. 754 Hasdrubal his Commendation l 26. s 11. 754 I. Julius Caesar his praise l 26. s 92. 766 Rebuilt Corinth ibid. Jugurtha Besieged his Brother Adherball in Cinna took the place and unnaturally slew his Brother l 34. s 23. 77◠L. Lycurgus l 6. s 11. 742 Lucius Tarquinius King of the Romans his praise l 6. s 23. 744 Lucretia her story l 6. s 48. 747 Lysimachus kindly us'd by the Thracians when he was prisoner l