but_o movable_n the_o next_o degree_n of_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n be_v brother_n and_o sister_n german_a and_o fail_v these_o brother_n or_o sister_n by_o the_o father_n side_n only_o or_o their_o near_a descendants_n of_o the_o same_o degree_n without_o right_n of_o representation_n as_o to_o the_o three_o degree_n of_o succession_n in_o movable_n fail_v descendants_n and_o brother_n and_o sister_n and_o their_o descendants_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o father_n survive_v will_v exclude_v his_o own_o brother_n or_o if_o there_o be_v any_o place_n for_o ascendant_n in_o the_o succession_n of_o movable_n such_o case_n occur_v rare_o and_o i_o have_v not_o observe_v it_o debate_v or_o decide_v it_o be_v but_o of_o late_a since_o the_o like_a case_n have_v fall_v in_o the_o succession_n of_o heir_n and_o heritable_a right_n wherein_o our_o custom_n have_v according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n find_v the_o father_n to_o be_v heir_n to_o his_o son_n and_o not_o the_o father-brother_n or_o any_o of_o his_o descendants_n and_o in_o that_o have_v differ_v from_o the_o custom_n of_o england_n and_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o if_o the_o question_n shall_v occur_v that_o the_o like_a shall_v not_o be_v do_v in_o movable_n the_o next_o degree_n be_v the_o father_n brethren_n and_o sister_n german_a which_o fail_v the_o father_n brethren_n and_o sister_n by_o the_o same_o grandfather_n and_o their_o descendants_n in_o the_o next_o degree_n in_o all_o which_o both_o blood_n exclude_v one_o blood_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o agnat_n or_o kinsfolk_n find_v who_o can_v instruct_v their_o propinquity_n of_o blood_n the_o good_n become_v caduciary_a and_o confiscate_v and_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n as_o vltimus_fw-la haeres_fw-la who_o and_o his_o donatar_n have_v the_o same_o interest_n that_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n will_v have_v have_v vide_fw-la title_n confiscation_n section_n ultimus_n hare_n child_n in_o familia_fw-la have_v not_o only_o the_o common_a right_n as_o near_o of_o kin_n but_o have_v their_o legittime_n portion_n call_v the_o bairn_n part_n in_o which_o their_o father_n can_v by_o testament_n legacy_n or_o donation_n '_o mortis_fw-la causâ_fw-la prejudge_v they_o or_o by_o any_o other_o deed_n on_o deathbed_n by_o the_o premise_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o whole_a power_n of_o defunct_n as_o to_o succession_n in_o their_o movable_n be_v to_o nominate_v executor_n and_o give_v legacy_n 33._o the_o nomination_n of_o executor_n be_v proper_o call_v a_o testament_n addition_n thereto_o or_o alteration_n thereof_o be_v codicil_n legacy_n may_v be_v leave_v whether_o there_o be_v testament_n or_o not_o and_o either_o in_o the_o testament_n codicil_n or_o apart_o but_o all_o be_v ambulatory_a during_o the_o defunct_n life_n and_o may_v be_v take_v away_o express_o or_o implicit_o by_o posterior_n or_o derogatory_n deed_n unless_o the_o defunct_a be_v oblige_v by_o contract_n inter_fw-la vivos_fw-la not_o to_o alter_v the_o same_o in_o which_o case_n contract_n and_o paction_n do_v so_o far_o over-rule_v the_o power_n of_o test_v that_o posterior_n deed_n whether_o express_o or_o implicit_o alter_v will_v be_v ineffectual_a like_a to_o that_o obligement_n to_o leave_v a_o legacy_n which_o be_v find_v a_o effectual_a legacy_n without_o further_a solemnity_n january_n 30._o 1631._o houstoun_n contra_fw-la houstoun_n 34._o the_o effect_n of_o testament_n be_v so_o small_a the_o solemnity_n thereof_o be_v no_o other_o than_o what_o be_v requisite_a to_o accomplish_v any_o other_o write_v for_o two_o witness_n suffice_v and_o if_o the_o testament_n be_v holograph_n it_o be_v valid_a or_o if_o the_o testator_n can_v or_o be_v not_o able_a through_o sickness_n to_o write_v a_o testament_n will_v be_v sufficient_a by_o a_o notar_n and_o two_o witness_n notwithstanding_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1579._o cap._n 8._o require_v to_o writ_n of_o importance_n two_o notar_n and_o four_o witness_n which_o hold_v not_o in_o testament_n though_o contain_v matter_n of_o great_a importance_n 18._o of_o january_n 1623._o bog_n contra_fw-la robert_n hepburn_n yea_o minister_n be_v authorize_v as_o notar_n in_o the_o case_n of_o testament_n par._n 1584._o cap._n 133._o the_o reason_n here_o of_o be_v because_o minister_n be_v ordinary_o with_o sick_a person_n the_o time_n of_o their_o death_n nuncupative_a testament_n be_v not_o of_o force_n in_o scotland_n for_o though_o legacy_n leave_v within_o a_o hundred_o pound_n may_v be_v nuncupative_a without_o writ_n yet_o the_o nomination_n will_v not_o so_o subsist_v nor_o be_v respect_v by_o the_o commissary_n and_o therefore_o a_o verbal_a testament_n take_v away_o a_o formal_a legacy_n subscrive_v but_o by_o initial_a letter_n be_v not_o sustain_v though_o make_v at_o sea_n and_o so_o in_o a_o case_n of_o necessity_n and_o not_o admit_v to_o be_v prove_v by_o witness_n in_o the_o ship_n feb._n 18._o 1631._o houstoun_n contra_fw-la houstoun_n 35._o the_o effect_n of_o testament_n be_v not_o great_a though_o make_v in_o england_n the_o testator_n reside_v there_o and_o so_o extend_v not_o to_o a_o heritable_a sum_n due_a in_o scotland_n leave_v in_o legacy_n by_o the_o testator_n be_v a_o scots-man_n july_n 3._o 1634._o melvil_n contra_fw-la drummond_n hope_v testament_n purves_n contra_fw-la chisholm_n executor_n of_o colonel_n henrison_n ibid._n neither_o do_v nuncupative_a testament_n of_o scots-man_n though_o reside_v animo_fw-la remanendi_fw-la abroad_o and_o die_v there_o have_v any_o effect_n with_o we_o albeit_o nuncupative_a testament_n be_v valid_a according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o that_o place_n for_o albeit_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n may_v supply_v the_o solemnity_n of_o any_o writ_n or_o evident_n for_o instruct_v a_o right_a as_o writ_n make_v abroad_o by_o nottary_n and_o tabellion_n be_v valid_a though_o not_o do_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n which_o require_v two_o notar_n and_o four_o witness_n in_o writ_n of_o importance_n yet_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o place_n can_v constitute_v any_o right_n of_o succession_n not_o allow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n and_o therefore_o william_n schaw_n factor_n and_o residenter_n in_o london_n have_v live_v and_o die_v there_o in_o the_o house_n of_o one_o mary_n lewins_n who_o have_v confirm_v in_o england_n a_o nuncupative_a testament_n whereby_o he_o have_v design_v she_o as_o executrix_n and_o legatrix_fw-la and_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n of_o the_o say_v william_n have_v confirm_v themselves_o executor_n to_o he_o in_o scotland_n and_o the_o competition_n be_v betwixt_o they_o the_o lord_n prefer_v the_o executor_n confirm_v in_o scotland_n and_o have_v no_o respect_n to_o the_o nuncupative_a testament_n as_o have_v no_o effect_n by_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n january_n 19_o 1665._o schaw_n contra_fw-la lewins_n 36._o the_o like_a solemnity_n will_v be_v sufficient_a for_o codicil_n and_o legacy_n a_o nuncupative_a legacy_n within_o a_o hundred_o pound_n be_v probable_a by_o witness_n november_n 24._o 1609._o russel_n contra_fw-la july_n 7._o 1629._o wallace_n contra_fw-la mure._n where_o a_o great_a legacy_n leave_v by_o word_n restrict_v to_o a_o hundred_o pound_n be_v find_v so_o probable_a 37._o the_o power_n of_o test_v be_v competent_a to_o all_o person_n who_o have_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n though_o minor_n have_v curator_n not_o consent_v wife_n clad_v with_o husband_n without_o their_o consent_n person_n interdict_v without_o consent_n of_o the_o interdicter_n but_o not_o to_o pupil_n idiot_n furious_a person_n in_o their_o furiosity_n neither_o to_o bastard_n not_o have_v lawful_a issue_n or_o testamenti_fw-la factionem_fw-la by_o the_o king_n gift_n as_o in_o the_o former_a case_n wallace_n contra_fw-la mure._n vide_fw-la tit._n confiscation_n §_o bastardy_n 38._o legacy_n be_v either_o particular_a or_o universal_a general_a or_o special_a universal_a legacy_n be_v when_o the_o whole_a movable_n in_o so_o far_o as_o be_v in_o the_o defunct_n disposal_n and_o not_o leave_v by_o particular_a legacy_n be_v legate_n and_o so_o it_o be_v legalum_fw-la per_fw-la universitatem_fw-la and_o like_a to_o the_o succession_n of_o a_o heir_n special_a legacy_n be_v where_o some_o individual_a be_v leave_v as_o such_o a_o horse_n clothes_n etc._n etc._n or_o such_o a_o sum_n due_a by_o such_o a_o person_n whereby_o the_o property_n be_v state_v in_o the_o legatar_n and_o at_o most_o but_o the_o possession_n or_o custody_n in_o the_o executor_n and_o therefore_o the_o legatar_n may_v pursue_v for_o delivery_n or_o payment_n of_o the_o special_a legacy_n against_o the_o haver_n or_o debtor_n but_o he_o must_v call_v the_o executor_n that_o his_o interest_n may_v be_v preserve_v lest_o the_o debt_n exhaust_v even_o the_o special_a legacy_n upon_o which_o consideration_n the_o lord_n sustain_v not_o a_o pursuit_n upon_o a_o special_a legacy_n leave_v a_o sum_n due_a by_o such_o a_o person_n in_o such_o a_o bond_n pursue_v against_o
be_v make_v thereon_o the_o time_n of_o the_o poind_n neither_o when_o keep_v on_o the_o ground_n for_o the_o master_n rent_n by_o his_o servant_n see_v they_o express_v not_o that_o cause_n nor_o crave_v not_o security_n therefore_o from_o the_o poynder_n february_n 1._o 1628._o laird_n of_o halkertoun_n contra_fw-la kadie_n and_o grieves_n but_o if_o it_o have_v be_v express_o for_o the_o rent_n rest_v it_o will_v not_o infer_v deforcement_n if_o such_o be_v true_o rest_v neither_o do_v resistance_n of_o poind_v of_o plough-goods_a in_o labour_v time_n where_o there_o be_v other_o good_n sufficient_a infer_v deforcement_n february_n last_o 1561._o abbot_n of_o kilwinning_n contra_fw-la tenant_n stop_v of_o poind_v by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o groundor_n landlord_n of_o a_o house_n for_o that_o year_n rend_v infer_v not_o deforcement_n december_n 7._o 1630._o dick_n contra_fw-la land_n or_o that_o he_o hinder_v entry_n unless_o there_o be_v special_a warrant_n in_o the_o letter_n to_o make_v open_a door_n 30._o contravention_n as_o it_o signify_v any_o act_n do_v against_o lawborrow_n so_o it_o imply_v the_o obligation_n of_o the_o contraveen_a and_o the_o personal_a right_n which_o the_o user_n of_o the_o lawborrow_n have_v thereby_o and_o likewise_o the_o action_n by_o which_o it_o be_v pursue_v for_o the_o uptake_n of_o all_o it_o must_v be_v consider_v what_o lawborrow_n be_v which_o the_o word_n itself_o insinuat_v to_o be_v caution_n find_v to_o do_v nothing_o but_o by_o order_n of_o law_n for_o a_o burrow_n or_o burgh_n in_o our_o ancient_a language_n be_v a_o cautioner_n and_o lawborrow_n be_v caution_n to_o keep_v the_o law_n the_o reason_n hereof_o be_v the_o safety_n and_o security_n of_o the_o people_n who_o in_o equity_n have_v no_o more_o than_o the_o reparation_n of_o the_o damnage_n they_o sustain_v through_o delinquence_n or_o illegal_a act_n but_o to_o prevent_v such_o and_o terrify_v evil_a doer_n a_o great_a penalty_n than_o reparation_n be_v appoint_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o injurer_n par._n 1593._o cap._n 166._o the_o half_a of_o the_o penalty_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o injure_v and_o the_o other_o half_o be_v public_a par._n 1581._o cap._n 117._o by_o the_o narrative_a of_o which_o statute_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o before_o lawborrows_n be_v grant_v only_o for_o safety_n against_o bodily_a harm_n in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o complainer_n yet_o for_o the_o reason_n therein_o express_v the_o same_o be_v extend_v that_o the_o complainer_n their_o wife_n bairn_n 〈◊〉_d and_o servant_n shall_v be_v harmless_a and_o skaithless_a in_o their_o body_n land_n tack_n possession_n good_n and_o gear_n and_o no_o way_n molest_v or_o trouble_v therein_o by_o the_o person_n complain_v on_o nor_o no_o other_o of_o their_o cause_v send_v hound_v out_o ressetting_n command_n assistance_n and_o ratihabition_n who_o they_o may_v stop_v or_o let_v direct_o or_o indirect_o otherways_o then_o by_o order_n of_o law_n or_o justice_n by_o the_o same_o statute_n it_o be_v also_o evident_a that_o lawborrow_n be_v grant_v upon_o the_o supplication_n of_o party_n fear_v harm_n who_o without_o cite_v the_o other_o party_n but_o make_v faith_n upon_o their_o complaint_n have_v letter_n of_o horning_n summary_o to_o charge_v the_o party_n complain_v on_o to_o find_v caution_n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la and_o if_o caution_n be_v find_v the_o action_n of_o contravention_n do_v proceed_v upon_o and_o conform_v to_o the_o act_n of_o caution_n but_o if_o obedience_n be_v not_o give_v the_o complainer_n may_v proceed_v to_o denunciation_n or_o caption_n but_o the_o contravention_n will_v proceed_v though_o there_o be_v no_o caution_n find_v but_o only_o a_o charge_n upon_o the_o letter_n without_o denunciation_n unless_o the_o charge_n be_v suspend_v as_o use_n to_o be_v do_v when_o the_o penalty_n charge_v for_o be_v exorbitant_a and_o not_o conform_v to_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n january_n 8._o 1628._o john_n semple_n contra_fw-la cunninghame_n contravention_n may_v proceed_v upon_o any_o delinquence_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o act_n of_o caution_n or_o letter_n of_o lawborrow_n which_o though_o very_o comprehensive_a yet_o be_v not_o extend_v to_o act_n do_v without_o order_n of_o law_n be_v matter_n of_o inconsiderable_a moment_n as_o the_o tilling_n up_o of_o some_o furrow_n in_o a_o march_n the_o same_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v lay_v down_o and_o the_o damnage_n to_o be_v repair_v nic._n hic_fw-la nicolson_n contra_fw-la hay_n neither_o be_v it_o sustain_v upon_o any_o illegal_a deed_n when_o the_o matter_n of_o right_o be_v dubious_a as_o in_o matter_n of_o molestation_n before_o the_o cognition_n or_o before_o that_o the_o march_n be_v clear_a spot_n contravention_n laird_n of_o balcaskie_n contra_fw-la florence_n strang._n neither_o upon_o a_o deed_n do_v by_o a_o colourable_a title_n though_o afterward_o reduce_v as_o enter_v in_o possession_n by_o a_o nats_n decreet_a hope_n hic_fw-la george_n moorhead_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o barskub_n neither_o upon_o pasture_v upon_o bound_n controvert_v or_o where_o there_o be_v no_o violence_n nor_o unlawfulness_n in_o pasturage_n upon_o clear_a march_n july_n 14._o 1626._o laird_n of_o grange_n contra_fw-la lesly_n neither_o upon_o a_o deed_n of_o spuilzie_n against_o the_o pursuer_n tenant_n not_o complain_v though_o the_o lawborrow_n bear_v men-tennant_n and_o servant_n to_o be_v harmless_a which_o be_v esteem_v stilus_fw-la curiae_fw-la january_n 28._o 1632._o grant_v contra_fw-la grant_v and_o february_n 9_o 1633._o lindsay_n contra_fw-la dennistoun_n neither_o be_v it_o sustain_v upon_o deed_n do_v by_o the_o defender_n tenant_n without_o allege_v command_n or_o ratihabition_n unless_o the_o deed_n be_v manifest_a or_o know_v to_o their_o master_n as_o in_o conveen_v daily_o and_o cut_v another_o wood_n july_n 9_o 1611._o vauns_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o balnagown_n neither_o upon_o deed_n do_v by_o servant_n without_o warrant_n unless_o they_o be_v menial_a servant_n hope_v bic_n john_n galbraith_n contra_fw-la william_n anderson_n yet_o contravention_n be_v sustain_v upon_o hurt_n do_v to_o the_o pursuer_n servant_n though_o he_o be_v then_o rebel_n be_v afterward_o relax_v hope_n horning_n bruce_n of_o clackmannan_n contra_fw-la bruce_n it_o be_v also_o sustain_v upon_o attempt_n of_o injury_n though_o there_o be_v no_o hurt_n as_o a_o stroke_n on_o the_o clothes_n and_o one_o offer_v to_o strike_v with_o a_o whinger_n december_n 21._o 1609._o greenyard_n contra_fw-la clackmannan_n and_o also_o upon_o a_o violent_a trouble_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi without_o order_n of_o law_n though_o without_o damnage_n spot_n hic_fw-la laird_n of_o balcaskie_n contra_fw-la florence_n strang._n it_o be_v also_o sustain_v upon_o a_o delinquence_n though_o there_o be_v another_o action_n competent_a therefore_o as_o for_o molestation_n november_n 29._o 1609._o dundass_v contra_fw-la cuming_n of_o ironside_n or_o for_o violent_a possession_n after_o warn_v hope_n de_fw-fr actionibus_fw-la cuthbert_n cunninghame_n contra_fw-la but_o if_o the_o other_o ordinar_n action_n be_v insist_v in_o and_o decreet_a obtain_v contravention_n also_o can_v be_v pursue_v though_o the_o other_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v renounce_v hope_n contro_fw-la johnstoun_n contra_fw-la sir_n john_n charter_n contravention_n be_v elide_v by_o grant_v a_o factory_a after_o the_o deed_n libel_v to_o do_v the_o like_a reserve_v only_a damnage_n and_o interest_n february_n 19_o 1633._o dennistoun_n contra_fw-la lindsay_n contravention_n on_o several_a deed_n sustain_v separatim_fw-la toties_fw-la quoties_fw-la and_o against_o many_o contraveener_n contraveen_v in_o one_o act_n but_o in_o such_o case_n the_o lord_n will_v modify_v and_o lesten_z the_o penalty_n within_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n novemb_n 29._o 〈◊〉_d dundass_v contra_fw-la cuming_n of_o ironside_n nic._n contro_fw-la sir_n john_n scot_n contra_fw-la barns_n contravention_n be_v not_o find_v pursuable_a before_o any_o inferior_a judge_n otherways_o the_o decreet_a thereof_o will_v be_v null_a by_o exception_n july_n 6._o 1611._o kennedy_n taylzeor_fw-la contra_fw-la kennedy_n of_o garriehorn_n yet_o it_o be_v sustain_v where_o the_o matter_n be_v small_a and_o the_o party_n poor_a march_v 12._o 1622._o blair_n contra_fw-la marshel_n in_o contravention_n the_o king_n advocate_n must_v concur_v for_o the_o king_n interest_n but_o he_o can_v insist_v alone_o as_o when_o the_o private_a party_n have_v discharge_v the_o deed_n even_o after_o the_o intent_a of_o the_o cause_n hope_v entro_fw-la forrest_n contra_fw-la malcolm_n turnbul_n title_n x._o obligation_n conventional_a by_o promise_n paction_n and_o contract_n 1._o the_o original_a of_o conventional_a obligation_n 2._o the_o act_n of_o the_o will_n desire_v resolution_n and_o engagement_n and_o their_o effect_n 3._o pollicitation_n or_o offer_n and_o its_o effect_n 4._o promise_n 5._o contract_n in_o favour_n of_o three_o party_n valid_a 6._o paction_n and_o how_o word_n be_v obligatory_a 7._o naked_a paction_n 8._o
shall_v not_o insist_v in_o these_o because_o the_o common_a custom_n of_o nation_n have_v refile_v therefrom_o follow_v rather_o the_o canon_n law_n by_o which_o every_o paction_n produce_v action_n omne_fw-la verbum_fw-la de_fw-la ore_fw-la fideli_fw-la cadit_fw-la in_o debitum_fw-la c._n 1._o &_o 3._o de_fw-fr pactis_fw-la and_o so_o observe_v guidilinus_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la nou._n l._n 3._o cap._n 5._o §_o ust_o and_o corvinus_n de_fw-fr pactis_fw-la we_o have_v a_o special_a statute_n of_o session_n november_n 27._o 1592._o acknowledge_v all_o paction_n and_o promise_n as_o effectual_a so_o it_o have_v be_v ever_o decide_v since_o january_n 14._o 1631._o sharp_a contra_fw-la sharp_n 8._o and_o even_o pactum_fw-la corvinum_fw-la de_fw-la haereditate_fw-la viventis_fw-la be_v find_v bind_v though_o among_o the_o most_o odious_a july_n 6._o 1630._o mr._n james_n aikenhead_n contra_fw-la b_n we_o l._n but_o pactum_fw-la de_fw-la quota_fw-la litis_fw-la whether_o it_o be_v a_o naked_a paction_n or_o promise_n or_o a_o mutual_a contract_n be_v reject_v both_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o our_o custom_n whereby_o advocat_n in_o place_n of_o their_o honorary_a take_v a_o share_n of_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o plea_n to_o prevent_v the_o stir_v up_o and_o too_o much_o eagerness_n in_o plea_n which_o be_v extend_v to_o a_o agent_n or_o writer_n if_o he_o have_v make_v such_o a_o paction_n before_o or_o during_o the_o plea_n but_o not_o after_o all_o plea_n be_v end_v have_v give_v bond_n to_o a_o appear_v and_o heir_n to_o denude_v himself_o of_o a_o right_n he_o have_v acquire_v for_o sum_n of_o money_n get_v his_o expense_n and_o a_o four_o part_n for_o his_o pain_n and_o hazard_n february_n 24._o 1675._o catharine_n home_n contra_fw-la mr._n archibald_n nisbit_n writer_n yea_o a_o advocate_n take_v assignation_n to_o a_o part_n of_o a_o plea_n it_o be_v find_v pactum_fw-la de_fw-la quota_fw-la litis_fw-la and_o process_n be_v thereby_o exclude_v though_o propon_v by_o the_o debtor_n and_o not_o by_o the_o party_n with_o who_o the_o paction_n be_v make_v but_o it_o be_v not_o find_v probable_a by_o that_o party_n oath_n alone_o as_o be_v but_o one_o witness_n june_n 23._o 1680._o edward_n ruthven_n contra_fw-la mr._n william_n weir_n paction_n for_o money_n play_v or_o other_o prize_n play_v at_o game_n of_o fortoun_n such_o as_o card_n dice_n etc._n etc._n find_v valid_a as_o to_o the_o debtor_n but_o the_o excress_n to_o be_v consign_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o poor_a if_o it_o exceed_v a_o hundred_o mark_v by_o the_o act_n of_o par._n 1621._o cap._n 14._o nevember_n 12._o 1668._o patrick_n park_n contra_fw-la nicol_n somervel_n instead_o of_o the_o remeid_n of_o stipulation_n the_o inconvenience_n that_o reject_v naked_a paction_n among_o the_o roman_n be_v remeided_a with_o we_o by_o this_o mean_n 9_o first_o if_o the_o matter_n be_v of_o great_a moment_n and_o which_o require_v to_o its_o perfection_n solemnity_n in_o write_n all_o such_o agreement_n promise_n and_o paction_n be_v account_v imperfect_a and_o not_o obligator_n until_o write_v be_v subscribe_v such_o as_o disposition_n of_o land_n and_o heritable_a right_n tack_n rental_n and_o assignation_n to_o writ_n etc._n etc._n in_o all_o which_o there_o be_v locus_fw-la penitentiae_fw-la even_o after_o the_o agreement_n and_o either_o party_n may_v resile_a till_o the_o write_v be_v subscribe_v and_o deliver_v it_o be_v so_o find_v though_o the_o buyer_n by_o a_o missive_n letter_n write_v that_o he_o think_v he_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o furnish_v the_o money_n but_o that_o he_o will_v not_o pass_v from_o the_o commune_n see_v there_o be_v no_o minute_n nor_o obligation_n otherways_o january_n 20._o 1663._o sir_n robert_n montgomery_n of_o skermor_o contra_fw-la john_n brown_n so_o be_v it_o also_o sound_a that_o a_o cautioner_n subscribe_v a_o bond_n may_v resile_a before_o it_o be_v deliver_v by_o he_o though_o it_o be_v subscribe_v and_o deliver_v by_o the_o principal_a and_o other_o cautioner_n before_o march_v 5._o 1628._o megil_n contra_fw-la thenilstoun_n the_o like_a of_o a_o disposition_n subscribe_v and_o leave_v in_o the_o writer_n hand_n to_o frame_v a_o charter_n by_o and_o a_o promise_n make_v after_o to_o abide_v by_o it_o see_v there_o be_v no_o delivery_n to_o the_o party_n nor_o to_o the_o writer_n to_o be_v give_v to_o he_o laird_n of_o innerleith_n contra_fw-la byres_n the_o like_a of_o a_o bargain_n of_o land_n agree_v upon_o by_o word_n some_o thing_n be_v do_v by_o the_o buyer_n in_o contemplation_n thereof_o be_v restore_v october_n 5._o 1628._o oliphant_n contra_fw-la monorgan_n the_o like_a in_o a_o tack_v for_o year_n which_o be_v find_v to_o endure_v but_o one_o year_n though_o the_o tacks-man_n be_v thereby_o in_o possession_n january_n 24._o 1630._o lowry_n contra_fw-la ker._n july_n 16._o 1636._o keith_n contra_fw-la his_o tenant_n yet_o a_o verbal_a tack_v for_o a_o year_n find_v not_o to_o be_v pass_v from_o see_v the_o tenant_n be_v thereby_o in_o possession_n and_o have_v be_v warn_v hope_n process_n john_n adamson_n contra_fw-la john_n fullartoun_n neither_o be_v it_o find_v competent_a to_o pass_v from_o a_o verbal_a rental_a where_o the_o grassoum_n be_v pay_v nicol._n de_fw-fr migrando_fw-la angus_n contra_fw-la mckie_n neither_o to_o pass_v from_o a_o rental_a deliver_v to_o the_o chamberlain_n to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o tenant_n upon_o payment_n of_o the_o grassoum_n in_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v these_o tenant_n who_o have_v pay_v a_o part_n of_o their_o grassoum_n nic._n remove_v eglintoun_n contra_fw-la his_o tenant_n neither_o be_v place_n find_v to_o resile_a from_o a_o transaction_n verbal_a see_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o soum_n transact_v for_o be_v satisfy_v february_n 25._o 1679._o king_n advocate_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o nithisdale_n neither_o be_v there_o locus_fw-la poenitentiae_fw-la in_o pactis_fw-la liberatoriis_fw-la where_o any_o right_n be_v pass_v from_o or_o restrict_v and_o no_o new_a right_o to_o be_v make_v december_n 5._o 1661._o helen_n hepburn_n contra_fw-la sir_n james_n hamiltoun_n of_o orbistoun_n the_o like_a in_o restrict_v a_o annualrent_n to_o a_o part_n of_o land_n affect_v therewith_o february_n 8._o 1666._o ker_n contra_fw-la hunter_n locus_fw-la poenitentiae_fw-la be_v find_v competent_a to_o a_o defender_n who_o produce_v a_o right_o grant_v by_o the_o charger_n with_o a_o blank_a assignation_n to_o instruct_v compensation_n which_o he_o get_v up_o before_o it_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o charger_n or_o any_o decreet_a thereon_o and_o no_o minute_n of_o the_o decreet_a be_v extant_a the_o suspender_n be_v find_v in_o tuto_fw-la to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o right_o compense_v on_o december_n 9_o 1674._o lord_n balmerino_n contra_fw-la the_o tenant_n of_o northberwick_n and_o creditor_n of_o sir_n william_n dick._n yea_o locus_fw-la poenitentiae_fw-la be_v find_v competent_a to_o resile_a from_o a_o bargain_n which_o may_v have_v be_v valid_a without_o write_n because_o it_o be_v express_o agree_v to_o be_v redact_v in_o write_n january_n 12._o 1676._o robert_n campbel_n contra_fw-la robert_n dowglas_n the_o other_o remedy_n we_o have_v in_o stead_n of_o stipulation_n be_v that_o by_o a_o statute_n of_o par._n 1579._o cap._n 80._o all_o write_v of_o great_a importance_n be_v to_o be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o party_n or_o by_o two_o nottar_n and_o four_o witness_n wherein_o custom_n have_v interpret_v matter_n of_o importance_n to_o be_v that_o which_o exceed_v a_o hundred_o pound_n scot_n and_o it_o be_v so_o far_o extend_v that_o in_o matter_n where_o write_v may_v and_o use_n to_o be_v adhibit_v probation_n be_v not_o admit_v by_o witness_n but_o only_o by_o oath_n of_o party_n or_o write_v by_o these_o remeid_n very_o necessary_o introduce_v the_o inconvenience_n aforesaid_a be_v sufficient_o caveat_n 10._o but_o to_o inquire_v whether_o promise_v or_o naked_a paction_n be_v moral_o obligatory_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n few_o do_v contravert_v yet_o conanus_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n 6._o l._n 5._o c._n 9_o hold_v that_o promise_v or_o naked_a paction_n where_o there_o be_v no_o equivalent_a cause_n onerous_a interveen_n do_v moral_o produce_v no_o obligation_n or_o action_n though_o in_o congruity_n or_o decency_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o perform_v lest_o it_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o levity_n against_o which_o there_o be_v not_o only_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n which_o insinuat_v a_o anterior_a reason_n to_o its_o own_o position_n but_o also_o the_o civil_a law_n l._n 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr pactis_fw-la there_o be_v nothing_o so_o congruous_a to_o humane_a trust_n as_o to_o perform_v what_o be_v agree_v among_o they_o and_o the_o edict_n de_fw-fr constituta_fw-la pecunia_fw-la say_v it_o be_v suitable_a to_o natural_a equity_n and_o say_v far_a that_o he_o be_v debtor_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n who_o must_v pay_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n who_o faith_n we_o
by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o contract_n that_o it_o be_v among_o the_o contract_n stricti_fw-la juris_fw-la where_o nothing_o be_v understand_v but_o what_o be_v express_v or_o necessary_o consequent_a therefrom_o and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o annual_a or_o profit_n due_a in_o mutuo_fw-la yea_o though_o it_o be_v express_v by_o paction_n it_o will_v not_o suffice_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n unless_o it_o be_v by_o stipulation_n we_o allow_v not_o profit_n in_o mutuo_fw-la unless_o it_o be_v so_o agree_v upon_o which_o may_v be_v by_o paction_n even_o ex_fw-la intervallo_fw-la in_o which_o case_n it_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o mutuum_fw-la though_o it_o be_v rather_o locatione_fw-la of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o fungible_a for_o the_o annual_a as_o a_o competent_a hire_n and_o so_o we_o shall_v speak_v to_o annualrent_n not_o here_o but_o in_o location_n yet_o the_o law_n do_v allow_v to_o mutuum_fw-la that_o any_o thing_n may_v be_v transchange_v in_o a_o fungible_a as_o the_o price_n thereof_o and_o that_o fungible_a constitute_v in_o mutuum_fw-la which_o be_v equivalent_a as_o if_o the_o fungible_a have_v be_v real_o deliver_v l._n 11._o ff_n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la creditis_fw-la and_o any_o contract_n be_v easy_o change_v in_o mutuum_fw-la per_fw-la fictionem_fw-la braevis_fw-la manus_fw-la as_o if_o all_o these_o alteration_n have_v be_v actual_o make_v but_o if_o it_o be_v but_o acknowledge_v per_fw-la chyrographum_fw-la that_o money_n be_v deliver_v the_o exception_n de_fw-fr non_fw-fr numerata_fw-la pecunia_fw-la be_v competent_a with_o we_o the_o transmission_n from_o any_o other_o cause_n be_v sufficient_a and_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o receipt_n of_o money_n prove_v unless_o the_o contrair_n be_v prove_v by_o write_n or_o oath_n the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o mutuum_fw-la among_o merchant_n be_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n or_o letter_n of_o credit_n which_o have_v several_a specialty_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o these_o act_n and_o from_o custom_n especial_o these_o common_a custom_n of_o merchant_n observe_v in_o city_n of_o great_a trade_n in_o the_o neighbour_a nation_n the_o nature_n and_o ordinary_a tenor_n of_o these_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v that_o the_o drawer_n of_o the_o bill_n order_v such_o a_o merchant_n or_o his_o correspondent_a to_o pay_v the_o sum_n contain_v in_o the_o bill_n upon_o sight_n or_o at_o such_o certain_a time_n or_o at_o useance_n and_o that_o for_o value_n receive_v wherein_o there_o be_v imply_v a_o mandate_n to_o the_o correspondent_a and_o a_o obligement_n upon_o the_o drawer_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o make_v that_o mandate_n effectual_a whereinis_fw-la mutuum_fw-la be_v imply_v if_o the_o value_n receive_v by_o he_o be_v numerate_v money_n or_o of_o any_o other_o cause_n such_o as_o delivery_n of_o ware_n there_o be_v in_o it_o fictio_fw-la braevis_fw-la manus_fw-la as_o if_o the_o ware_n be_v sell_v to_o the_o drawer_n of_o the_o bill_n and_o the_o sum_n in_o the_o bill_n be_v the_o price_n receive_v and_o deliver_v again_o in_o loan_n there_o use_v two_o or_o three_o bill_n to_o be_v draw_v for_o the_o same_o sum_n which_o do_v bear_v to_o be_v the_o first_o second_o and_o three_o bill_n and_o the_o payment_n of_o any_o one_o satisfy_v all_o the_o fix_a form_n by_o custom_n of_o make_v use_n of_o these_o bill_n be_v by_o present_v they_o to_o he_o upon_o who_o they_o be_v draw_v and_o if_o he_o accept_v the_o bill_n he_o write_v thereupon_o accept_v which_o if_o it_o be_v simple_o he_o become_v liable_a in_o the_o term_n and_o at_o the_o time_n mention_v in_o the_o bill_n but_o sometime_o the_o accepter_n do_v qualify_v his_o acceptance_n which_o the_o creditor_n by_o the_o bill_n may_v refuse_v and_o require_v either_o simple_a acceptance_n or_o may_v protest_v for_o non-acceptance_n but_o if_o he_o suffer_v the_o acceptance_n to_o be_v qualify_v it_o import_v his_o consent_n and_o he_o can_v protest_v for_o non-acceptance_n as_o if_o the_o acceptance_n be_v to_o a_o long_a day_n than_o what_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o bill_n or_o if_o it_o bear_v acceptance_n if_o provision_n come_v betwixt_o and_o the_o day_n or_o if_o ware_n or_o bill_n in_o hand_n do_v raise_v the_o sum_n at_o or_o after_o the_o day_n the_o bill_n be_v again_o present_v and_o if_o payment_n be_v not_o then_o make_v the_o creditor_n in_o the_o bill_n protest_v for_o not_o payment_n and_o both_o these_o protestation_n must_v be_v by_o instrument_n of_o a_o nottar_n either_o for_o non-acceptance_n or_o not_o payment_n which_o instrument_n with_o the_o bill_n make_v sufficient_a probation_n both_o against_o the_o drawer_n of_o the_o bill_n and_o against_o he_o upon_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v and_o neither_o witness_n nor_o the_o oath_n of_o party_n will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o supply_v the_o protest_v so_o that_o the_o instrument_n or_o protest_v be_v not_o only_o a_o proof_n but_o a_o solemnity_n requisite_a these_o protest_v may_v be_v take_v against_o he_o upon_o who_o they_o be_v draw_v either_o personal_o or_o at_o his_o dwellinghouse_n which_o be_v sustain_v though_o before_o present_v of_o the_o bill_n the_o party_n upon_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v be_v dead_a july_n 3._o 1664._o hugh_n kennedy_n contra_fw-la george_n hutcheson_n upon_o bill_n so_o protest_v the_o creditor_n in_o the_o bill_n have_v action_n both_o against_o he_o upon_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v if_o through_o his_o fault_n he_o have_v either_o refuse_v to_o accept_v or_o to_o pay_v and_o so_o if_o he_o have_v provision_n in_o his_o hand_n he_o will_v be_v decern_v to_o pay_v and_o if_o without_o provision_n he_o accept_v and_o pay_v the_o drawer_n of_o the_o bill_n become_v his_o debtor_n ex_fw-la mutuo_fw-la or_o ex_fw-la mandato_fw-la the_o creditor_n in_o the_o bill_n may_v also_o return_v upon_o the_o drawer_n of_o the_o bill_n who_o will_v be_v decern_v to_o pay_v the_o sum_n with_o the_o damnage_n the_o creditor_n have_v sustain_v through_o its_o be_v protest_v wherein_o will_v be_v comprehend_v the_o expense_n of_o the_o pursuit_n against_o the_o correspondent_a and_o the_o profit_n the_o creditor_n in_o the_o bill_n may_v have_v make_v if_o according_a to_o it_o he_o have_v receive_v his_o money_n which_o will_v differ_v in_o several_a person_n and_o case_n as_o if_o the_o creditor_n in_o the_o bill_n be_v not_o a_o merchant_n the_o ordinary_a damnage_n will_v be_v the_o exchange_n that_o be_v the_o rate_n ordinary_o give_v at_o that_o time_n for_o answer_v money_n from_o the_o place_n at_o which_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v to_o the_o place_n to_o which_o it_o be_v direct_v but_o if_o the_o creditor_n in_o the_o bill_n be_v a_o merchant_n and_o be_v to_o trade_n with_o the_o sum_n in_o the_o place_n to_o which_o the_o bill_n be_v direct_v he_o have_v also_o no_o more_o but_o exchange_n but_o if_o he_o be_v to_o trade_n in_o any_o other_o place_n before_o he_o return_v to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v he_o will_v not_o only_o get_v exchange_n but_o re-exchange_n as_o be_v damnify_v in_o the_o profit_n of_o his_o ware_n that_o he_o be_v to_o buy_v at_o the_o place_n to_o which_o he_o be_v bind_v from_o that_o place_n to_o which_o the_o bill_n be_v direct_v for_o the_o ware_n he_o be_v to_o buy_v there_o and_o for_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o profit_n of_o the_o ware_n he_o be_v to_o buy_v at_o the_o second_o prot_n but_o though_o there_o may_v be_v further_a progress_n in_o his_o traffic_n his_o damnage_n be_v no_o further_o extend_v then_o to_o exchange_n and_o re-exchange_n and_o in_o all_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o creditor_n in_o the_o bill_n concern_v his_o design_n with_o the_o bill_n must_v be_v sufficient_a probation_n and_o be_v taxable_a as_o all_o oath_n in_o litem_fw-la be_v when_o they_o appear_v exorbitant_a if_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v unsatisfied_a by_o a_o interveen_a accident_n which_o the_o drawer_n can_v not_o prevent_v the_o damnage_n will_v be_v modify_v or_o take_v off_o as_o in_o the_o former_a case_n the_o correspondent_a upon_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v die_v before_o the_o day_n of_o payment_n the_o creditor_n in_o the_o bill_n have_v protest_v at_o his_o dwellinghouse_n and_o not_o insist_v against_o his_o successor_n but_o return_v against_o the_o drawer_n he_o get_v no_o exchange_n or_o re-exchange_n yet_o certain_o the_o drawer_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v hereby_o oblige_v to_o deliver_v the_o money_n at_o the_o place_n to_o which_o the_o bill_n be_v direct_v it_o have_v be_v no_o stretch_n to_o give_v he_o exchange_n but_o if_o the_o correspondent_a upon_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v break_v or_o become_v insolvent_a full_a damange_n will_v be_v due_a by_o the_o drawer_n who_o part_n it_o be_v to_o have_v his_o money_n in_o secure_a hand_n unless_o the_o correspondent_o insolvency_n be_v by_o the_o delay_n or_o fault_n
the_o partner_n be_v of_o great_a importance_n the_o society_n may_v consist_v in_o these_o term_n that_o these_o person_n shall_v have_v no_o share_n of_o the_o loss_n and_o shall_v have_v such_o a_o share_n of_o the_o profit_n according_a to_o the_o sentence_n of_o sulpitius_n but_o if_o such_o inequality_n appear_v not_o the_o sentence_n of_o mucius_n reject_v such_o inequality_n be_v just_a and_o there_o be_v no_o contrariety_n between_o the_o opinion_n of_o both_o §_o 2_o instit_n de_fw-fr societate_fw-la 81._o it_o remain_v to_o consider_v what_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o society_n while_o it_o be_v and_o how_o it_o cease_v as_o to_o the_o first_o the_o disposal_n and_o management_n of_o all_o the_o affair_n of_o society_n be_v in_o the_o whole_a partner_n and_o each_o of_o they_o though_o have_v a_o unequal_a share_n have_v a_o equal_a vote_n unless_o it_o be_v otherways_o agree_v and_o the_o common_a rule_n be_v potior_fw-la est_fw-la conditio_fw-la prohibentis_fw-la so_o that_o every_o one_o have_v a_o negative_a vote_n in_o act_n that_o be_v not_o necessary_a for_o the_o design_n of_o the_o society_n unless_o by_o the_o custom_n or_o paction_n or_o deed_n of_o the_o party_n it_o be_v otherways_o order_v as_o where_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n that_o in_o such_o society_n there_o shall_v be_v a_o plurality_n or_o when_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o minor_a part_n shall_v give_v place_n to_o and_o be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o act_n of_o the_o major_a part_n or_o when_o the_o society_n have_v be_v accustom_v to_o act_v in_o such_o a_o way_n not_o only_o the_o great_a part_n but_o even_o one_o or_o more_o of_o the_o partner_n may_v continue_v that_o way_n which_o be_v still_o hold_v to_o be_v the_o mind_n of_o the_o whole_a unless_o the_o contrary_n be_v express_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v find_v where_o one_o of_o more_o partner_n in_o a_o ship_n have_v fraught_v she_o to_o a_o dangerous_a voyage_n without_o the_o other_o consent_n yet_o be_v not_o find_v liable_a for_o her_o value_n be_v lose_v by_o accident_n where_o no_o just_a objection_n can_v be_v make_v against_o the_o skipper_n skill_n july_n 22._o 1673._o john_n sim_n contra_fw-la william_n abernethy_n so_o let_v out_o of_o land_n or_o set_v out_o of_o house_n employ_v of_o money_n in_o a_o society_n may_v be_v continue_v by_o one_o or_o more_o of_o the_o partner_n and_o their_o act_n with_o extraneous_a person_n in_o name_n of_o the_o society_n do_v constitute_v the_o whole_a society_n debtor_n or_o creditor_n or_o do_v acquire_v to_o they_o or_o dispone_v from_o they_o it_o be_v also_o consistent_a with_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o contract_n to_o give_v a_o negative_a vote_n to_o one_o or_o more_o of_o the_o society_n who_o interest_n in_o the_o stock_n or_o who_o skill_n and_o industry_n be_v esteem_v the_o great_a but_o the_o simple_a nature_n of_o society_n itself_o be_v the_o most_o tender_a ingadgement_n and_o so_o if_o it_o be_v not_o otherways_o provide_v it_o be_v always_o dissolveable_a at_o the_o option_n and_o the_o choice_n of_o any_o of_o the_o society_n and_o it_o imply_v that_o the_o management_n be_v in_o the_o whole_a partner_n equal_o and_o that_o every_o one_o have_v a_o negative_a vote_n and_o therefore_o when_o it_o be_v contract_v to_o a_o time_n that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v part_v from_o in_o that_o case_n the_o interest_n and_o end_n of_o the_o society_n be_v change_v and_o if_o the_o minor_a part_n will_v not_o cede_fw-la to_o the_o major_a part_n or_o to_o arbitrament_n it_o must_v be_v decide_v by_o the_o judge_n ordinar_n which_o of_o the_o part_n be_v most_o conducible_a to_o the_o society_n but_o this_o be_v so_o great_a a_o retardment_n upon_o the_o management_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o society_n it_o lose_v the_o fraternity_n among_o the_o partner_n and_o be_v sure_a to_o lose_v the_o pleasure_n and_o ready_o the_o profit_n of_o all_o therefore_o the_o roman_n do_v upon_o good_a ground_n annul_v and_o disow_v all_o paction_n whereby_o society_n do_v continue_v beyond_o the_o life_n and_o pleasure_n of_o any_o of_o the_o partner_n except_o in_o few_o case_n 82._o society_n be_v finish_v first_o when_o the_o matter_n whereupon_o it_o be_v contract_v be_v extinct_a second_o by_o the_o death_n or_o incapacity_n to_o act_v in_o the_o society_n of_o any_o of_o the_o partner_n for_o it_o be_v one_o individual_a contract_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o not_o as_o many_o contract_n as_o partner_n it_o be_v like_o a_o sheaf_n of_o arrow_n bind_v together_o with_o one_o tie_n out_o of_o which_o if_o one_o be_v pull_v the_o rest_n will_v fall_v out_o and_o the_o personal_a humour_n of_o the_o partner_n be_v so_o choose_v that_o it_o be_v not_o suppose_v to_o be_v communicate_v to_o their_o heir_n or_o assigney_n unless_o by_o custom_n or_o paction_n the_o contrair_n be_v provide_v which_o no_o doubt_n be_v consistent_a with_o though_o not_o consequent_a from_o the_o naure_n of_o society_n three_o it_o be_v most_o consonant_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o society_n to_o be_v dissolve_v at_o the_o option_n and_o pleasure_n of_o any_o of_o the_o partner_n it_o be_v very_o contrair_a thereto_o and_o much_o impede_n of_o the_o end_n of_o it_o that_o any_o shall_v be_v continue_v a_o partner_n against_o his_o own_o will_n and_o therefore_o ordinary_o not_o only_o the_o express_a renunciation_n of_o the_o society_n but_o any_o contract_n or_o act_v separat_o in_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o society_n dissolve_v it_o yet_o propter_fw-la bonam_fw-la fidem_fw-la whatsoever_o be_v do_v with_o or_o by_o the_o society_n before_o the_o dissolution_n thereof_o be_v know_v be_v valide_fw-la but_o this_o dissolution_n at_o pleasure_n may_v be_v alter_v by_o custom_n or_o consent_v of_o party_n and_o to_o sum_v up_o all_o in_o society_n proportionable_a equality_n be_v essential_a and_o inseparable_a and_o all_o the_o other_o specialty_n be_v congruous_a and_o convenient_a and_o therefore_o understand_v if_o by_o custom_n or_o consent_v it_o be_v not_o otherways_o order_v 83._o the_o same_o question_n be_v incident_a here_o that_o before_o have_v be_v touch_v concern_v mandate_n when_o one_o or_o more_o of_o the_o party_n act_v in_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o society_n whether_o thereby_o the_o whole_a society_n be_v oblige_v by_o the_o obligation_n of_o these_o whether_o obligation_n make_v to_o these_o constitute_v the_o society_n creditor_n or_o whether_o real_a right_n acquire_v by_o these_o be_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la common_a to_o the_o society_n or_o if_o there_o be_v but_o a_o obligation_n upon_o the_o actor_n to_o communicate_v the_o property_n always_o remain_v in_o the_o actor_n till_o they_o effectual_o communicate_v the_o resolution_n of_o this_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o in_o mandate_n we_o refer_v it_o thither_o and_o say_v only_a this_o in_o general_a that_o when_o these_o party_n only_a act_n in_o name_n of_o the_o society_n and_o by_o its_o warrant_n express_v or_o what_o they_o have_v be_v accustom_v to_o do_v in_o so_o far_o they_o be_v not_o only_a partner_n but_o mandatar_n and_o it_o have_v the_o same_o effect_n as_o if_o the_o society_n have_v act_v itself_o but_o when_o they_o act_n not_o so_o there_o do_v only_o arise_v a_o obligement_n upon_o the_o partner_n actor_n to_o communicate_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o property_n remain_v in_o they_o and_o if_o transmit_v to_o other_o before_o this_o communication_n the_o society_n will_v be_v thereby_o exclude_v but_o the_o actor_n will_v remain_v oblige_v for_o reparation_n of_o the_o damnage_n and_o interest_n of_o the_o society_n and_o this_o will_v hold_v though_o thing_n be_v buy_v or_o acquire_v by_o the_o common_a money_n of_o the_o society_n but_o all_o the_o natural_a interest_n birth_n fruit_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o society_n be_v of_o itself_o and_o instant_o common_a to_o the_o society_n 84._o partner_n be_v liable_a each_o to_o other_o for_o such_o diligence_n as_o man_n do_v ordinary_o use_v or_o the_o partner_n themselves_o use_v in_o their_o own_o affair_n for_o this_o contract_n be_v undergo_v for_o the_o mutual_a good_a of_o either_o party_n the_o diligence_n keep_v the_o middle_a way_n betwixt_o exact_a diligence_n and_o supine_n negligence_n but_o none_o of_o they_o be_v liable_a for_o what_o be_v lose_v by_o force_n or_o accident_n without_o their_o fault_n society_n have_v as_o many_o division_n as_o have_v the_o various_a and_o multiform_a matter_n in_o which_o it_o may_v be_v contract_v but_o that_o which_o be_v most_o notice_v in_o law_n be_v that_o some_o society_n be_v common_a and_o general_a whereby_o party_n communicate_v all_o their_o good_n right_n and_o interest_n communicable_a other_o be_v particular_a of_o one_o or_o more_o of_o they_o upon_o the_o first_o there_o be_v many_o question_n arise_v as_o how_o
act_n either_o without_o the_o possessor_n consent_n or_o by_o their_o tolerance_n or_o tradition_n and_o delivery_n or_o by_o forsake_v or_o relinquish_a they_o so_o that_o in_o the_o matter_n of_o possession_n of_o movable_n there_o be_v little_a controversy_n 12._o second_o possession_n of_o the_o ground_n be_v also_o clear_a in_o many_o case_n as_o first_o in_o habitation_n whether_o in_o cave_n tent_n or_o proper_a house_n next_o in_o garden_n enclosure_n and_o all_o plantation_n three_o in_o field_n by_o pasturage_n or_o tillage_n in_o so_o far_o as_o the_o act_n extend_v so_o far_o these_o all_o be_v most_o natural_a possession_n but_o after_o that_o most_o ancient_a simplicity_n right_n and_o the_o way_n of_o acquire_v thereof_o be_v multiply_v and_o therefore_o possession_n can_v not_o be_v entire_a but_o behove_v to_o be_v divide_v among_o the_o several_a interest_n than_o do_v the_o difficulty_n arise_v as_o when_o one_o have_v the_o property_n a_o second_o the_o fruit_n a_o three_o the_o use_n a_o four_o the_o servitude_n in_o some_o part_v a_o five_o the_o detention_n for_o security_n a_o six_o the_o custody_n or_o location_n and_o all_o these_o exercise_v either_o by_o the_o party_n themselves_o their_o servant_n or_o child_n in_o their_o power_n and_o their_o procurator_n in_o their_o name_n yea_o and_o by_o opposite_a and_o interrupt_a act_n many_o at_o once_o pretend_v to_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o part_n of_o possession_n 13._o so_o then_o the_o three_o kind_n of_o possession_n be_v when_o the_o earth_n begin_v to_o be_v divide_v by_o limit_n and_o bound_n and_o to_o have_v common_a denomination_n than_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v attain_v by_o exercise_v possessory_a act_n upon_o a_o part_n as_o he_o who_o possess_v a_o field_n need_v not_o go_v about_o it_o or_o touch_v every_o turf_n of_o it_o by_o himself_o or_o his_o cattle_n but_o by_o possess_v a_o part_n unless_o there_o be_v contrary_a possessory_a acts._n so_o possession_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o land_n contain_v in_o one_o tenement_n be_v find_v sufficient_a to_o validat_n a_o base_a infeftment_n as_o to_o the_o whole_a and_o to_o exclude_v a_o posterior_n public_a infeftment_n for_o remove_v the_o tenant_n from_o a_o part_n of_o the_o tenement_n though_o the_o base_a infeftment_n have_v possession_n several_a year_n and_o have_v attain_v or_o pursue_v for_o no_o possession_n of_o these_o tenement_n spot_n remove_n hunter_n contra_fw-la hardie_n observe_v by_o dury_n january_n 14._o 1630._o the_o like_a of_o possession_n of_o a_o tack_v of_o a_o part_n of_o teind_n in_o a_o tack_v find_v sufficient_a to_o validat_n the_o tack_v as_o to_o the_o whole_a spot_n 1._o possessione_n lady_n merchistoun_n contra_fw-la wrights-house_n 14._o possession_n civil_a be_v extend_v to_o uplift_v of_o mail_n and_o duty_n which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o introduce_v and_o preserve_v property_n though_o the_o pasturage_n and_o tillage_n and_o all_o other_o natural_a deed_n of_o possession_n be_v in_o other_o who_o be_v proper_o call_v possessor_n who_o hold_v and_o possess_v for_o themselves_o in_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v the_o excresce_fw-it of_o the_o profit_n above_o the_o rent_n as_o to_o which_o they_o possess_v in_o name_n of_o their_o master_n and_o therefore_o this_o possession_n be_v partly_o naturral_a to_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o partly_o civil_a by_o their_o tenant_n 15._o five_o possession_n be_v attain_v symbolical_o where_o there_o be_v not_o use_v of_o the_o whole_a or_o a_o part_n but_o only_o of_o a_o symbol_n or_o token_n and_o this_o be_v when_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v possess_v be_v present_a as_o the_o civil_a possession_n by_o infeftment_n by_o delivery_n of_o earth_n and_o stone_n upon_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o land_n or_o by_o delivery_n of_o a_o parcel_n of_o corn_n for_o a_o stack_n or_o field_n of_o corn_n or_o some_o of_o a_o herd_n or_o flock_n for_o the_o whole_a flock_n be_v present_a in_o which_o the_o symbol_n be_v also_o part_n of_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v possess_v have_v some_o affinity_n to_o natural_a possession_n six_o civil_a possession_n be_v by_o a_o token_n or_o symbol_n which_o be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v possess_v but_o be_v a_o token_n to_o represent_v it_o as_o either_o have_v some_o resemblance_n with_o it_o as_o the_o delivery_n of_o a_o copy_n or_o scroll_n for_o a_o office_n or_o a_o penny_n for_o a_o annualrent_a or_o otherways_o have_v no_o resemblance_n but_o be_v a_o token_n mere_o suppositious_a to_o represent_v it_o as_o delivery_n of_o a_o batton_n in_o resignation_n or_o delivery_n of_o a_o thing_n buy_v or_o sell_v by_o a_o wisp_n of_o straw_n which_o ordinary_o be_v in_o absence_n of_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v possess_v 16._o seven_o possession_n be_v attain_v or_o retain_v without_o symbol_n and_o without_o interposition_n of_o any_o person_n in_o our_o power_n or_o procurator_n but_o only_o by_o conjunction_n of_o interest_n so_o when_o the_o property_n of_o land_n be_v grant_v to_o one_o and_o the_o usufruct_v or_o liferent_a to_o another_o or_o when_o the_o liferent_a be_v reserve_v the_o possesssion_n of_o the_o liferenter_fw-la be_v hold_v to_o be_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o fire_n as_o to_o all_o other_o three_o party_n and_o right_n and_o a_o husband_n possession_n of_o land_n by_o himself_o or_o any_o derive_v right_o from_o he_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v the_o wife_n possession_n by_o her_o liferent_a infeftment_n the_o several_a kind_n and_o degree_n of_o possession_n be_v thus_o lay_v open_a it_o will_v be_v more_o easy_a to_o takeup_v the_o common_a notion_n and_o nature_n of_o it_o and_o it_o may_v be_v thus_o describe_v 17._o possession_n be_v the_o hold_v or_o detain_v of_o any_o thing_n by_o ourselves_o or_o other_o for_o our_o use_n it_o be_v not_o every_o hold_v or_o detain_v which_o make_v possession_n for_o so_o depositar_n detain_v but_o because_o it_o be_v not_o for_o their_o use_n they_o do_v not_o possess_v to_o possession_n there_o must_v be_v a_o act_n of_o the_o body_n which_o be_v detention_n and_o hold_v and_o a_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o be_v the_o inclination_n or_o affection_n to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o thing_n detain_v which_o be_v of_o the_o mind_n be_v not_o so_o easy_o perceivable_a as_o that_o of_o the_o body_n but_o it_o be_v presume_v whensoever_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o detainer_n may_v be_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o thing_n but_o where_o it_o may_v be_v wrong_a or_o hurtful_a it_o be_v not_o presume_v as_o he_o who_o take_v another_o man_n horse_n by_o the_o head_n or_o keep_v that_o which_o be_v waith_n or_o take_v in_o his_o hand_n the_o money_n or_o good_n of_o another_o which_o if_o it_o be_v to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o will_v infer_v theft_n and_o therefore_o such_o detention_n be_v not_o presume_v to_o be_v possession_n he_o also_o who_o detain_v or_o hold_v a_o thing_n not_o at_o all_o for_o his_o own_o use_n but_o for_o another_o who_o do_v detain_v by_o he_o as_o by_o his_o servant_n or_o procurator_n do_v not_o possess_v but_o otherways_o if_o he_o have_v no_o warrant_n from_o another_o but_o only_o intend_v or_o be_v oblige_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v to_o the_o behoof_n of_o another_o in_o that_o case_n he_o be_v possessor_n because_o the_o real_a right_o be_v in_o he_o and_o there_o be_v upon_o he_o only_o a_o obligation_n to_o make_v it_o forthcoming_a to_o another_o and_o they_o who_o possess_v partly_o for_o themselves_o and_o partly_o for_o other_o as_o tenant_n have_v possession_n in_o part_n 18._o to_o come_v now_o to_o the_o requisite_n for_o enter_v and_o begin_v possession_n there_o must_v be_v both_o the_o detention_n of_o the_o body_n and_o the_o detention_n of_o the_o mind_n for_o use_v for_o neither_o of_o the_o two_o alone_o can_v begin_v possession_n corporal_a possession_n alone_o can_v neither_o begin_v it_o nor_o continue_v it_o and_o if_o any_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v enough_o possession_n will_v be_v very_o large_a and_o but_o imaginary_a but_o the_o manner_n of_o this_o seizure_n of_o possession_n to_o begin_v it_o be_v very_o diverse_a by_o all_o the_o several_a way_n which_o be_v before_o set_v forth_o 19_o possession_n be_v once_o begin_v be_v continue_v not_o only_o by_o reiteration_n of_o possessory_a act_n but_o even_o by_o the_o mind_n only_o though_o there_o be_v no_o outward_a act_n exerce_v and_o the_o mind_n and_o affection_n to_o continue_v possession_n be_v always_o presume_v unless_o the_o contrary_n appear_v so_o that_o if_o the_o thing_n once_o possess_v be_v void_a as_o to_o outward_a act_n yet_o it_o be_v hold_v possess_v by_o the_o mind_n and_o any_o contrary_a act_n of_o other_o enter_v to_o that_o possession_n be_v unwarrantable_a and_o intrusion_n for_o as_o have_v be_v
then_o subjoin_v the_o tenor_n and_o word_n of_o the_o charter_n these_o charter_n of_o confirmation_n whensoever_o grant_v be_v draw_v back_o to_o the_o date_n of_o the_o charter_n confirm_v which_o be_v absolute_o null_a till_o confirmation_n unless_o there_o be_v a_o medium_n impedimentum_fw-la as_o a_o prior_n infeftment_n by_o confirmation_n or_o upon_o resignation_n by_o the_o superior_a yea_o though_o the_o infeftment_n by_o confirmation_n be_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o grant_a of_o the_o charter_n to_o be_v confirm_v if_o the_o superior_a do_v confirm_v it_o be_v draw_v back_o and_o will_v import_v the_o superior_n pass_v from_o any_o casuality_n fall_v by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o author_n unless_o these_o be_v reserve_v wherein_o the_o neglect_n of_o the_o king_n officer_n may_v not_o be_v impute_v in_o his_o prejudice_n albeit_o craig_n relate_v a_o case_n betwixt_o kirkaldie_n of_o grange_n and_o ker_n in_o the_o contrary_a l._n 2._o dieges_fw-fr 4._o and_o add_v this_o reason_n that_o the_o former_a vassal_n grant_a of_o the_o charter_n to_o be_v confirm_v die_v before_o confirmation_n it_o may_v be_v true_o say_v that_o he_o die_v last_o vest_n and_o seize_v as_o of_o fee_n which_o the_o subsequent_a confirmation_n can_v make_v false_a yet_o this_o be_v fictione_n juris_fw-la these_o fiction_n may_v do_v much_o more_o than_o this_o change_n and_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o frequent_a then_o to_o confirm_v very_o old_a charter_n or_o disposition_n there_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o charter_n of_o confirmation_n by_o the_o king_n of_o charter_n grant_v by_o his_o vassal_n to_o their_o sub-vassal_n not_o to_o be_v hold_v a_o se_n of_o the_o king_n but_o de_fw-mi se_fw-mi of_o the_o disponer_n the_o effect_n of_o which_o confirmation_n be_v to_o secure_v the_o acquir_a against_o the_o forefaulture_n or_o recognition_n of_o his_o superior_a charter_n by_o the_o king_n upon_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n do_v either_o narrate_v the_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n before_o the_o dispositive_a clause_n or_o otherways_o after_o the_o dispositive_a clause_n by_o the_o clause_n beginning_n quae_fw-la quidem_fw-la terrae_fw-la perprius_fw-la haereditarie_a pertinuerunt_fw-la ad_fw-la a._n b._n etc._n etc._n which_o clause_n be_v also_o next_o to_o the_o dispositive_a in_o charter_n upon_o resignation_n and_o do_v express_v the_o resignation_n make_v either_o personal_o by_o the_o vassal_n or_o more_o ordinary_o by_o his_o procuratory_n and_o then_o bear_v the_o procuratory_n of_o resignation_n and_o the_o date_n thereof_o but_o if_o it_o be_v upon_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n it_o bear_v that_o the_o land_n and_o other_o in_o the_o charter_n be_v apprise_v or_o adjudge_v from_o the_o former_a vassal_n or_o his_o apparent_a heir_n lawful_o charge_v to_o enter_v heir_n in_o special_a and_o express_v the_o date_n of_o the_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n and_o the_o sum_n thereincontained_n and_o bear_v in_o the_o reddendo_fw-la the_o duty_n and_o service_n due_a and_o accustom_a before_o the_o say_v apprize_a or_o adjudication_n the_o king_n charter_n bear_v as_o witness_n several_a officer_n of_o state_n and_o director_n of_o the_o chanclery_n the_o king_n charter_n must_v pass_v in_o exchequer_n upon_o a_o signature_n sign_v by_o the_o king_n or_o by_o his_o thesaurer_n or_o commissioner_n of_o the_o thesaury_n and_o a_o quorum_n of_o the_o exchequer_n which_o signature_n be_v record_v in_o the_o book_n of_o exchequer_n and_o then_o pass_v under_o the_o signet_n and_o then_o under_o the_o privy_a seal_n who_o warrant_n be_v the_o signature_n and_o last_o under_o the_o great_a seal_n charter_n by_o subject_n in_o most_o thing_n agree_v with_o the_o king_n charter_n but_o differ_v in_o these_o point_n that_o they_o begin_v not_o with_o their_o title_n but_o thus_o omnibus_fw-la hanc_fw-la cartam_fw-la visuris_fw-la vel_fw-la audituris_fw-la and_o then_o follow_v the_o superior_n title_n or_o designation_n and_o in_o original_a charter_n the_o special_a cause_n be_v narrate_v as_o for_o implement_n of_o a_o certain_a contract_n disposition_n or_o obligation_n in_o they_o also_o the_o warrandice_n be_v more_o particular_o express_v because_o it_o be_v effectual_a according_a to_o its_o tenor._n in_o the_o charter_n grant_v by_o subject_n the_o precept_n of_o seasine_n be_v ordinary_o ingross_v and_o now_o by_o the_o late_a act_n of_o parliament_n 1672._o cap._n seven_o precept_n of_o seasine_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v insert_v in_o the_o king_n charter_n which_o before_o can_v only_o pass_v by_o a_o write_v under_o the_o quarter_n seal_n or_o testimony_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n in_o all_o charter_n both_o by_o king_n and_o subject_n the_o clause_n tenendas_fw-la use_v to_o be_v insert_v express_v the_o land_n or_o other_o by_o their_o ordinary_a designation_n and_o then_o add_v per_fw-la omnes_fw-la 〈◊〉_d metas_fw-la antiquas_fw-la &_o divisas_fw-la pro_fw-la ut_fw-la jacent_fw-la in_o 〈◊〉_d &_o latitudine_fw-la cumdomibus_fw-la aedificiis_fw-la boscis_fw-la planis_fw-la moris_fw-la maresiis_fw-la viis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d aquis_fw-la rivolis_fw-la stagnis_fw-la pratis_fw-la pascuis_fw-la &_o pasturis_fw-la molendinis_fw-la &_o multuris_fw-la &_o eorum_fw-la sequelis_fw-la aucupationibus_fw-la venationibus_fw-la piscationibus_fw-la petariis_fw-la turbariis_fw-la cuniculis_fw-la cuniculariis_fw-la columbis_fw-la columbariis_fw-la hortis_fw-la pomariis_fw-la fabrilibus_fw-la brasinis_fw-la &_o brueriis_fw-la genestis_fw-la sylvis_fw-la nemoribus_fw-la &_o virgultis_fw-la lignis_fw-la lapicidiis_fw-la lapide_fw-la &_o calce_fw-la cum_fw-la curiis_fw-la &_o earum_fw-la exitibus_fw-la herezeldis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d &_o mulierum_fw-la merchetis_fw-la libero_fw-la 〈◊〉_d &_o exitu_fw-la ac_fw-la cum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la libertatibus_fw-la commoditatibus_fw-la proficuis_fw-la astamentis_fw-la ac_fw-la justis_fw-la suis_fw-la pertinentiis_fw-la quibuscunque_fw-la tam_fw-la non_fw-la nominatis_fw-la quam_fw-la nominatis_fw-la tam_fw-la subtus_fw-la quam_fw-la supra_fw-la terram_fw-la procul_fw-la &_o prope_fw-la ad_fw-la praedictas_fw-la terras_fw-la spectantibus_fw-la seu_fw-la spectare_fw-la valentibus_fw-la quomodolibet_fw-la in_o futurum_fw-la libere_fw-la plenary_a quiet_a integre_n honorifice_fw-la sine_fw-la aliquo_fw-la impedimento_fw-la revocatione_n contradictione_n aut_fw-la obstaculo_fw-la qualicunque_fw-la in_o the_o charter_n by_o the_o king_n or_o subject_n there_o may_v and_o use_v to_o be_v insert_v a_o clause_n the_o novo-damus_a which_o do_v dispone_n the_o fee_n as_o by_o a_o original_a right_n in_o case_n the_o disponer_n right_o shall_v be_v find_v defective_a and_o to_o secure_v against_o any_o title_n proper_a to_o the_o superior_a either_o as_o to_o the_o property_n or_o any_o servitude_n or_o casuality_n which_o clause_n use_v to_o be_v very_o full_a and_o to_o express_v all_o nullity_n title_n or_o interest_n in_o the_o superior_a with_o supply_n of_o all_o defect_n and_o bear_v all_o the_o particular_a casualty_n with_o which_o the_o fee_n may_v be_v burden_v which_o be_v effectual_a and_o extend_v to_o the_o full_a against_o subject_n but_o as_o to_o such_o clause_n in_o the_o king_n charter_n they_o be_v full_o extend_v as_o to_o all_o interest_n in_o the_o king_n relate_v to_o the_o property_n such_o as_o nullity_n forefaulture_n recognition_n purpresture_n disclamation_n but_o the_o general_a word_n pro_fw-la omni_fw-la jure_fw-la titulo_fw-la &_o interest_n be_v not_o extend_v against_o the_o king_n to_o any_o casuality_n of_o superiority_n not_o reach_v but_o burden_v the_o property_n except_o such_o only_a as_o be_v particular_o express_v and_o therefore_o a_o novo_fw-la damus_fw-la in_o a_o bishop_n charter_n from_o the_o king_n dispone_v a_o patronage_n pro_fw-la omni_fw-la jure_fw-la be_v find_v to_o give_v the_o bishop_n successor_n right_a to_o that_o patronage_n though_o it_o be_v a_o like_fw-mi patronage_n without_o necessity_n to_o instruct_v that_o the_o bishop_n have_v any_o pretence_n of_o a_o title_n thereto_o before_o but_o that_o the_o novo_fw-la damus_fw-la be_v as_o effectual_a as_o a_o original_a right_n february_n 19_o 1680._o sir_n john_n scot_n of_o ancrum_n contra_fw-la archbishop_n of_o glasgow_n but_o a_o novo_fw-la damus_fw-la by_o the_o king_n bearing_z pro_fw-la omni_fw-la jure_fw-la titulo_fw-la &_o interest_n and_o express_v ward_n find_v not_o to_o exclude_v the_o king_n donator_n from_o the_o marriage_n as_o be_v a_o casuality_n differ_v from_o the_o ward_n which_o use_v to_o pass_v by_o a_o several_a gift_n 17._o day_n of_o july_n 1672._o lord_n hatton_n contra_fw-la the_o earl_n of_o northesk_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o different_a extension_n of_o the_o clause_n de_fw-fr novo_fw-la damus_fw-la as_o to_o the_o king_n and_o subject_n be_v because_o subject_n be_v presume_v to_o take_v special_a notice_n of_o all_o clause_n that_o they_o insert_v in_o their_o charter_n which_o in_o dubio_fw-la be_v interpret_v contra_fw-la proferentem_fw-la but_o these_o clause_n do_v more_o easy_o pass_v by_o inadvertence_n in_o exchequer_n and_o therefore_o their_o gift_n be_v more_o regulat_fw-la by_o their_o act_n then_o by_o the_o common_a style_n thereof_o for_o though_o gift_n of_o ward_n comprehend_v nonentry_n ay_o and_o while_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o righteous_a
in_o the_o superior_n hand_n but_o if_o within_o the_o half_a they_o be_v not_o null_a as_o to_o the_o vassal_n but_o be_v null_a as_o to_o the_o superior_a and_o exclude_v he_o from_o no_o casualty_n of_o his_o superiority_n as_o ward_n etc._n etc._n but_o as_o the_o half_n may_v be_v sub-sett_a so_o any_o other_o right_o less_o than_o the_o value_n of_o the_o half_a be_v sustain_v as_o a_o infeftment_n of_o warrandice_n march_v 6._o 1611._o cathcart_n contra_fw-la campbel_n the_o like_a hold_n of_o infeftment_n of_o liferent_a but_o if_o the_o disposition_n or_o infeftment_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o vassal_n appearand_a heir_n in_o linea_fw-la recta_fw-la it_o infer_v not_o recognition_n be-because_a the_o superior_a be_v not_o prejudge_v by_o change_n of_o his_o vassal_n but_o recognition_n be_v find_v incur_v by_o a_o disposition_n and_o infeftment_n to_o the_o vassal_n brother_n though_o his_o appearand_a heir_n for_o the_o time_n see_v there_o remain_v hope_n of_o issue_n in_o the_o disponer_n and_o so_o his_o brother_n be_v not_o alioqui_fw-la successurus_fw-la spot_n recognition_n advocate_n and_o his_o son_n contra_fw-la the_o earl_n of_o cassils_n and_o collane_n feus_n of_o ward-land_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n ward-vassal_n after_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1457._o and_o before_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1633._o be_v find_v not_o only_o to_o be_v free_a from_o the_o ward-liferent-escheat_n or_o recognition_n of_o the_o king_n vassal_n but_o also_o that_o the_o sub-vassal_n feu_n do_v not_o fall_v by_o his_o superior_a the_o king_n vassal_n forefaulture_n because_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n express_v a_o confirmation_n of_o such_o feus_n which_o therefore_o need_v not_o be_v pass_v in_o exchequer_n without_o which_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o ward_n and_o nonentry_n be_v exclude_v and_o by_o a_o confirmation_n in_o exchequer_n forefaulture_n will_v be_v exclude_v without_o question_n even_o after_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1633._o and_o therefore_o the_o ratification_n and_o approbation_n of_o feus_n by_o the_o act_n 1457._o when_o it_o be_v in_o vigour_n must_v also_o secure_v against_o forefaulture_n of_o the_o grant_a of_o the_o feu_n as_o be_v find_v february_n 12._o 1674._o and_o january_n 23._o 1680._o marquess_z of_o huntly_n contra_fw-la gordoun_n of_o cairnborrow_n who_o feu_n be_v grant_v after_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1457._o and_o before_o the_o act_n 1606._o be_v sustain_v against_o a_o donatar_n of_o his_o superior_n forefaulture_n the_o like_a though_o the_o feu_n be_v renew_v upon_o resignation_n in_o favorem_fw-la not_o be_v ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la november_n 16._o 1680._o campbel_n of_o silver-craigs_a contra_fw-la laird_n of_o achinbreck_n and_o earl_n of_o argyle_n 33._o infeftment_n blensh_fw-mi be_v such_o who_o reddendo_fw-la be_v a_o small_a elusory_a rent_n as_o be_v rather_o a_o acknowledgement_n of_o then_o prosite_a to_o the_o superior_a and_o therefore_o ordinary_o it_o bear_v si_fw-la petatur_fw-la tantum_fw-la as_o a_o rose_n penny_n money_n or_o the_o like_a and_o these_o be_v not_o count_v blensh_o right_n unless_o they_o bear_v in_o name_n of_o blensh_fw-mi ferm_n or_o if_o they_o bear_v not_o si_fw-la petatur_fw-la or_o if_o it_o be_v a_o yearly_a growth_n or_o service_n it_o be_v not_o due_a and_o may_v not_o be_v demand_v at_o any_o time_n unless_o it_o be_v demand_v within_o the_o year_n at_o the_o term_n as_o a_o stone_n of_o wax_n or_o a_o pound_n of_o pepper_n february_n 16._o 1627._o lord_n semple_n contra_fw-la blair_n where_o the_o like_a be_v observe_v to_o have_v be_v before_o june_n 18._o 1611._o bishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n contra_fw-la galloway_n the_o like_a find_v where_o the_o reddendo_fw-la bear_v si_fw-la petatur_fw-la tantum_fw-la june_n 15._o 1611._o bishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n contra_fw-la terson_n so_o blensh_o duty_n of_o land_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n be_v declare_v only_o due_a if_o they_o be_v ask_v yearly_o and_o no_o price_n can_v be_v put_v thereupon_o by_o the_o exchequer_n parliament_n 1606._o cap._n 14._o yet_o see_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o king_n be_v not_o to_o be_v prejudge_v by_o neglect_n of_o his_o officer_n who_o ought_v yearly_a to_o call_v for_o his_o blensh_fw-mi duty_n whereof_o many_o be_v considerable_a therefore_o the_o exchequer_n continue_v to_o exact_v the_o king_n blensh_fw-mi duty_n though_o not_o demand_v within_o the_o year_n there_o be_v another_o part_n of_o the_o act_n exclude_v all_o liquidation_n of_o blensh_a duty_n in_o specie_fw-la which_o therefore_o shall_v be_v so_o exact_v though_o not_o within_o the_o year_n unless_o the_o vassal_n voluntary_o offer_v a_o price_n in_o these_o blensh_fw-mi ferm_n there_o be_v no_o ward_n and_o marriage_n befalling_a to_o the_o superior_a in_o which_o it_o differ_v main_o from_o ward_n 34._o infeftment_n feu_n be_v like_a to_o the_o emphyteosis_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o location_n have_v in_o it_o a_o pension_n as_o the_o hire_n with_o a_o condition_n of_o plant_v and_o policy_n for_o such_o be_v common_o grant_v of_o barren_a ground_n and_o therefore_o it_o retain_v still_o that_o name_n also_o and_o be_v account_v and_o call_v a_o assidation_n or_o location_n in_o our_o law_n but_o because_o such_o can_v be_v hereditary_a and_o perpetual_a all_o rental_n and_o tack_n necessary_o require_v a_o ish_n therefore_o these_o feu-holdings_a partake_v both_o of_o infeftment_n as_o pass_v by_o seize_v to_o heir_n for_o ever_o and_o of_o location_n as_o have_v a_o pension_n or_o rent_n for_o their_o reddendo_fw-la and_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v perpetual_a for_o the_o increase_n of_o plant_v and_o policy_n 35._o in_o what_o case_n feus_n be_v allow_v of_o ward-land_n have_v be_v now_o show_v in_o other_o case_n they_o be_v ordinary_o allow_v where_o they_o be_v not_o prohibit_v so_o we_o shall_v only_o need_v to_o speak_v of_o case_n wherein_o they_o be_v prohibit_v and_o void_a and_o that_o be_v first_o in_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o be_v annex_v thereto_o and_o can_v be_v set_v feu_n by_o the_o king_n without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n by_o their_o act_n of_o dissolution_n bear_v great_a see_v and_o reasonable_a cause_n of_o the_o realm_n by_o sentence_n and_o decreet_a of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n but_o ratification_n which_o pass_v of_o course_n in_o parliament_n without_o report_n from_o the_o article_n will_v not_o supply_v the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o annex_v property_n or_o validat_fw-la infeftment_n thereof_o even_o though_o the_o ratification_n bear_v a_o dissolution_n upon_o which_o ground_n the_o earl_n of_o mortoun_n right_o to_o the_o earldom_n of_o orkney_n be_v reduce_v february_n 25._o 1670._o king_n advocate_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o mortoun_n neither_o can_v the_o annex_v property_n be_v dispone_v by_o the_o king_n but_o only_o in_o feu_n after_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1597._o cap._n 234._o and_o all_o infeftment_n tack_n pension_n gift_n discharge_v grant_v before_o lawful_a dissolution_n in_o parliament_n or_o after_o dissolution_n yet_o contrary_a to_o any_o of_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o same_o be_v declare_v null_n of_o the_o law_n by_o action_n or_o exception_n as_o well_o as_o to_o by_o gone_n as_o in_o time_n come_v par._n 1597._o cap._n 236._o par._n 1455._o cap._n 41._o which_o be_v confirm_v and_o extend_v to_o feus_n not_o only_o to_o be_v grant_v of_o land_n but_o to_o feus_n grant_v of_o the_o feu-ferm-duty_n which_o be_v a_o device_n invent_v to_o elude_v the_o law_n par._n 1597._o cap._n 239._o 36._o second_o feus_n of_o the_o annex_v property_n after_o dissolution_n may_v not_o be_v set_v with_o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a the_o feu-duty_n not_o be_v within_o the_o new_a retoured_a duty_n par_n 1584._o cap._n 6._o and_o that_o it_o may_v appear_v whether_o the_o rental_a be_v diminish_v or_o not_o before_o they_o pass_v the_o seal_n they_o must_v be_v present_v to_o the_o thesaurer_n and_o comptroller_n and_o registrate_n in_o his_o register_n and_o the_o signature_n subscribe_v by_o he_o otherways_o they_o be_v null_a par._n 1592._o cap._n 127._o and_o such_o feus_n set_v without_o consent_n of_o the_o comptroller_n by_o his_o subscription_n registrat_n in_o his_o register_n be_v again_o declare_v null_n par._n 1593._o cap._n 171._o the_o comptroller_n office_n have_v be_v of_o a_o long_a time_n adjoin_v to_o and_o in_o the_o same_o commission_n with_o the_o thesaurers_n office_n or_o commission_n of_o the_o thesaury_n what_o land_n and_o other_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n appear_v by_o the_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n make_v thereanent_a consist_v main_o of_o forefaulted_a estate_n and_o kirklands_n after_o the_o abolish_n of_o the_o popish_a clergy_n which_o because_o they_o be_v presume_v to_o have_v be_v most_o part_n mortify_v by_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n therefore_o the_o intent_n of_o their_o grant_v cease_v by_o
the_o say_n gleibs_n be_v set_v in_o feu_n or_o long_o tack_v before_o or_o not_o unless_o a_o sufficient_a manse_n be_v build_v by_o these_o who_o have_v right_a to_o the_o few_o or_o long_o tack_v par._n 1563._o cap._n 72._o which_o be_v explain_v par._n 1672._o cap._n 48._o that_o the_o manse_n either_o pertain_v to_o the_o parson_n or_o vicar_n most_o ew_a to_o the_o kirk_n shall_v belong_v to_o the_o minister_n and_o four_o aikers_n of_o land_n lie_v most_o ew_a to_o the_o say_v manse_n to_o be_v design_v by_o the_o bishop_n or_o superintendent_n at_o the_o visitation_n by_o advice_n of_o any_o two_o of_o the_o most_o honest_a and_o godly_a of_o the_o parochioner_n for_o want_v of_o this_o solemnity_n a_o designation_n be_v find_v null_a because_o it_o bear_v not_o two_o honestman_n by_o name_n require_v to_o join_v with_o the_o presbytery_n or_o their_o commissionersthough_n it_o bear_v that_o all_o the_o elder_n of_o the_o paroch_n be_v present_a and_o consent_v but_o name_v none_o spot_n kirk-man_n minister_n of_o lamingtoun_n contra_fw-la tweedie_n though_o parson_n or_o viccar_n manse_v may_v be_v design_v to_o be_v the_o manse_n of_o a_o minister_n yet_o no_o other_o house_n can_v be_v design_v though_o it_o be_v in_o a_o abbey_n but_o the_o parochioner_n must_v build_v one_o 11._o of_o february_n 1631._o minister_n of_o innerkeithing_n contra_fw-la john_n kerr_n if_o there_o be_v no_o manse_n nor_o gleib_n of_o old_a extend_v to_o four_o aikers_n of_o land_n than_o the_o designation_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o parson_n viccar_n abbot_n or_o prior_n land_n and_o fail_v thereof_o of_o bishop_n land_n friar_n land_n or_o any_o other_o kirk-land_n within_o the_o paroch_n aye_o and_o while_o the_o four_o aikers_n be_v complete_a with_o freedom_n of_o foggage_n pasturage_n fuel_n feal_z and_o divet_n par._n 1593._o cap._n 161._o by_o which_o there_o be_v a_o clear_a order_n of_o designation_n first_o of_o viccar_n and_o parson_n manse_v most_o ew_a and_o fail_v thereof_o of_o parson_n or_o viccar_n land_n fail_v these_o bishop_n land_n friar_n land_n or_o any_o other_o kirk-land_n as_o chaplanries_n prebendary_n which_o order_n be_v so_o find_v to_o be_v observe_v 13._o of_o july_n 1636._o thomas_n halyburton_n minister_n contra_fw-la john_n paterson_n and_o therefore_o a_o designation_n of_o a_o manse_n or_o gleib_n out_o of_o abbot_n land_n be_v annul_v because_o there_o be_v parson_n land_n in_o the_o paroch_n though_o they_o be_v build_v with_o house_n and_o feve_v for_o which_o the_o fever_n be_v oblige_v to_o acquire_v a_o gleib_n 24._o july_n 1629._o mr._n james_n nairn_n contra_fw-la mr._n james_n boswell_n the_o like_a though_o the_o land_n be_v few_v all_o before_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 25._o of_o january_n 1665._o parson_n of_o dysart_n contra_fw-la watson_n yet_o bishop_n land_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v design_v before_o abbot_n land_n though_o they_o be_v name_v after_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o great_a interest_n in_o the_o cure_n nicol._n de_fw-fr sacro_fw-la sancta_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la 2._o of_o july_n 1622._o nicolson_n contra_fw-la porteous_n where_o there_o be_v not_o arable_a land_n near_o the_o kirk_n the_o geib_n be_v to_o be_v design_v of_o pasture_n land_n sufficient_a for_o 16_o soum_n most_o ew_a to_o the_o kirk_n par._n 1621._o cap._n 19_o the_o designation_n of_o manse_v and_o gleibs_n where_o they_o be_v not_o design_v or_o not_o a_o full_a quantity_n or_o be_v become_v unprofitable_a by_o inundation_n or_o other_o extraordinary_a accident_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v out_o of_o the_o kirk-land_n most_o ew_a to_o the_o kirk_n according_a to_o the_o order_n in_o the_o act._n 1593._o burrowstoun_n kirk_n be_v always_o except_v yet_o a_o gleib_n be_v find_v competent_a to_o a_o minister_n of_o a_o burgh_n have_v a_o land-ward_n part_n of_o his_o parochin_n spot_n kirk-man_n mr._n robert_n ruch_o the_o designation_n of_o gleibs_n be_v commit_v to_o presbytery_n par._n 1644._o cap._n 31._o which_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v by_o three_o minister_n and_o three_o elder_n par._n 1649._o cap._n 31._o revive_v par._n 1663._o cap._n 20._o whereby_o designation_n be_v refer_v to_o the_o bishop_n or_o such_o minister_n as_o he_o shall_v appoint_v with_o two_o or_o three_o of_o the_o most_o know_v in_o the_o paroch_n in_o which_o act_v the_o power_n of_o designation_n be_v extend_v not_o only_o to_o kirk-land_n but_o where_o these_o be_v not_o to_o other_o land_n arable_a or_o grass_n ewe_v to_o the_o kirk_n provide_v that_o the_o heretor_fw-la thereof_o may_v offer_v other_o sufficient_a land_n and_o grass_n within_o half_a a_o mile_n of_o the_o kirk_n and_o manse_n and_o by_o the_o say_a act_n 1649._o there_o be_v add_v to_o the_o gleib_a pasturage_n for_o a_o horse_n and_o two_o cow_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v regulat_fw-la as_o the_o gleib_n before_o which_o be_v also_o revive_v par._n 1663._o cap._n 20._o with_o this_o alteration_n that_o if_o there_o be_v not_o kirk-land_n near_o the_o manse_n or_o be_v not_o arable_a land_n the_o heretor_n shall_v be_v liable_a to_o pay_v yearly_a to_o the_o minister_n twenty_o pound_n scot_n for_o his_o horse_n and_o kines_n grass_n and_o this_o act_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v make_v in_o march_n 1649._o as_o to_o designation_n after_o 1649._o that_o parliam_fw-la be_v rescind_v without_o reservation_n contain_v in_o the_o act_n rescissory_a as_o be_v in_o the_o act_n rescissory_a of_o the_o other_o parliament_n save_v all_o private_a right_n do_v thereby_o but_o there_o be_v no_o warrant_n in_o any_o of_o these_o act_n to_o design_n temporal_a land_n where_o there_o be_v any_o church_n land_n and_o therefore_o a_o designation_n be_v reduce_v because_o temporal_a land_n be_v design_v and_o kirk-land_n pass_v by_o albeit_o the_o minister_n have_v be_v possessor_n decennalis_fw-la &_o triennalis_fw-la which_o give_v he_o a_o presumptive_a title_n because_o his_o designation_n which_o be_v the_o true_a title_n be_v produce_v february_n 6._o 1678._o lord_n forret_fw-la contra_fw-la mr._n john_n matter_n a_o gleib_n design_v be_v find_v to_o carry_v a_o proportional_a part_n of_o the_o common_a pasturage_n follow_v to_o the_o land_n design_v february_n 2._o 1630._o hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la tweedie_n designation_n of_o a_o gleib_n be_v sustain_v though_o it_o bear_v not_o the_o same_o to_o have_v be_v four_o aikers_n measure_v in_o respect_n it_o bear_v that_o the_o possessor_n servant_n hinder_v the_o measure_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v design_v according_a to_o the_o common_a estimat_fw-la july_n 5._o 1626._o kers_fw-mi contra_fw-la minister_n of_o alloway_n and_o also_o sustain_v though_o there_o be_v land_n near_a the_o kirk_n and_o manse_n which_o be_v bishop_n land_n see_v they_o be_v enclose_v as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o king_n park_n february_n 13._o 1629._o lady_n dumfermling_n contra_fw-la minister_n of_o dumfermling_n bat_n a_o designation_n be_v annul_v because_o there_o be_v a_o old_a gleib_n possess_v long_o by_o the_o incumbent_n be_v four_o aikers_n nicol._n de_fw-fr sacro_fw-la sanct_a eccles._n minister_n of_o aberdour_n contra_fw-la brown_n and_o ramsay_n a_o designation_n be_v sustain_v though_o there_o be_v only_o a_o nottar_n instrument_n without_o the_o subscription_n of_o three_o minister_n designer_n december_n 17._o 1664._o mr._n thomas_n paterson_n contra_fw-la watson_n here_o the_o minister_n designer_n their_o testificat_fw-la under_o their_o hand_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v produce_v before_o extract_v a_o gleib_n be_v design_v be_v sustain_v though_o it_o be_v a_o unite_v kirk_n the_o other_o kirk_n have_v a_o gleib_n january_n 22_o 1631_o minister_n of_o innerkeithing_n contra_fw-la john_n keir_n a_o designation_n be_v also_o sustain_v though_o it_o proceed_v upon_o warning_n out_o of_o the_o pulpit_n or_o at_o the_o kirk-door_n after_o divine_a service_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o custom_n so_o to_o do_v though_o some_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a heretor_n be_v out_o of_o the_o country_n january_n 28_o 1668_o minister_n of_o hassanden_n contra_fw-la the_o duke_n of_o bukcleugh_n it_o be_v also_o sustain_v though_o do_v but_o by_o two_o of_o the_o three_o minister_n name_v by_o the_o bishop_n without_o a_o quorum_n unless_o weighty_a reason_n upon_o the_o matter_n be_v show_v to_o the_o contrary_a february_n 7_o 1668_o minister_n of_o cockburnspeth_n contra_fw-la his_o parochioner_n manse_v &_o gleibs_n be_v design_v as_o say_v be_v the_o fevar_n possessor_n and_o tacksman_n have_v relief_n of_o the_o remnant_n parochioner_n have_v kirk-land_n pro_fw-la rata_fw-la par_fw-fr 1594_o cap_n 199_o which_o be_v extend_v to_o a_o 〈◊〉_d manse_n be_v design_v and_o the_o other_o kirk-land_n a_o part_n where_o of_o be_v mortify_v to_o and_o hold_v of_o a_o college_n do_v bear_v burden_n february_n 12_o 1635_o john_n cock_n contra_fw-la parochioner_n of_o auchtergivan_n but_o where_o old_a gleibs_n
of_o the_o statute_n be_v to_o satisfy_v creditor_n by_o a_o judicial_a alienation_n of_o the_o debtor_n land_n ex_fw-la paritate_fw-la rationis_fw-la it_o be_v extend_v against_o the_o debtor_n appearand_a heir_n who_o be_v charge_v to_o enter_z heir_n do_v not_o enter_v and_o therefore_o land_n be_v adjudge_v from_o he_o to_o which_o he_o may_v have_v enter_v either_o for_o his_o predecessor_n debt_n or_o his_o own_o whereupon_o the_o superior_a be_v discern_v to_o receive_v the_o creditor_n adjudger_n whether_o for_o sum_n of_o money_n or_o for_o implement_n of_o disposition_n and_o obliegement_n to_o infeft_a but_o the_o custom_n allow_v not_o a_o year_n rend_v to_o superior_n for_o receive_v adjudger_n till_o the_o year_n rend_v be_v also_o extend_v to_o adjudication_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n decem._n 3._o 1669._o the_o lord_n of_o session_n have_v always_o take_v latitude_n in_o the_o modification_n of_o the_o year_n rend_v especial_o if_o the_o sum_n apprise_v or_o adjudge_v for_o be_v small_a and_o the_o land_n he_o great_a and_o they_o have_v allow_v the_o appryzer_n or_o adjudger_n his_o option_n during_o the_o legal_a to_o take_v infeftment_n or_o not_o and_o yet_o not_o to_o be_v exclude_v from_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o land_n till_o he_o be_v satisfy_v decem._n 3._o 1672._o mr._n hendry_n hay_o contra_fw-la laird_n of_o farlstoun_n vide_fw-la tit._n 13._o §_o 29._o but_o the_o appryzer_n run_v that_o hazard_n that_o if_o the_o debtor_n die_v before_o he_o be_v satisfy_v if_o the_o land_n be_v hold_v ward_n it_o will_v fall_v in_o ward_n and_o relief_n by_o the_o debtor_n death_n and_o in_o nonentry_n for_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n that_o the_o casualty_n of_o the_o superiority_n shall_v neither_o fall_v by_o the_o appryzer_n nor_o by_o the_o debtor_n there_o be_v not_o the_o like_a reason_n that_o the_o liferent-escheat_n of_o the_o debtor_n shall_v exclude_v the_o appryzer_n if_o it_o fall_v after_o the_o apprize_a and_o charge_n for_o the_o liferent-escheat_n fall_v to_o the_o superior_a with_o all_o the_o burden_n which_o affect_v it_o by_o the_o vassal_n even_o with_o the_o burden_n of_o his_o tack_n and_o therefore_o apprize_a with_o a_o charge_n way_n be_v as_o effectual_a as_o these_o july_n 24._o 1632._o james_n rule_n con_fw-mi laird_n of_o billie_n the_o superior_a can_v have_v only_o one_o year_n rent_n from_o all_o the_o appryzer_n or_o adjudger_n but_o now_o since_o appryzer_n and_o adjudger_n within_o year_n and_o day_n come_v in_o pari_fw-la passu_fw-la where_o one_o need_v only_o to_o be_v infeft_v or_o to_o charge_n there_o be_v less_o reason_n to_o give_v a_o easy_a modification_n of_o the_o year_n rend_v to_o the_o first_o appryzer_n or_o adjudger_n insist_v for_o infeftment_n then_o before_o because_o one_o infeftment_n serve_v for_o all_o and_o he_o who_o advance_v the_o same_o get_v relief_n of_o the_o rest_n before_o they_o have_v access_n to_o the_o rent_n 33._o the_o prime_a casulity_n of_o fee_n be_v ward_n which_o be_v not_o competent_a to_o all_o superior_n ward_n be_v only_o competent_a in_o fee_n hold_v in_o military_a service_n which_o have_v their_o denomination_n from_o this_o casuality_n be_v therefore_o call_v ward-holdings_a and_o that_o not_o by_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o investiture_n which_o seldom_o mention_v ward_n but_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o for_o when_o the_o fee_n be_v holdeu_o for_o military_a service_n or_o as_o the_o english_a better_a express_v by_o knight_n service_n extend_v not_o only_a to_o follow_v in_o war_n but_o to_o council_n and_o assistance_n in_o peace_n then_o when_o the_o vassal_n be_v unfit_a for_o such_o service_n the_o fee_n be_v open_a and_o remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o superior_a or_o his_o donatar_n and_o though_o this_o capacity_n may_v be_v in_o some_o soon_o yet_o it_o be_v fix_v in_o man_n to_o their_o majority_n at_o twenty_o one_o year_n complete_a and_o in_o woman_n till_o they_o become_v fourteen_o year_n complete_a for_o than_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o husband_n who_o may_v do_v the_o service_n require_v in_o the_o fee_n decem._n 20._o 1609._o and_o jan._n 27._o 1610._o lady_n kilbirnie_n contra_fw-la the_o heir_n of_o fairlie_n what_o fee_n be_v hold_v ward_n we_o have_v clear_v in_o the_o former_a title_n it_o now_o remain_v that_o we_o hold_v forth_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o casuality_n 24._o ward_n reach_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o person_n and_o of_o his_o land_n hold_v ward_n it_o have_v its_o denomination_n rather_o from_o the_o former_a for_o ward_n be_v as_o much_o as_o guard_n or_o custody_n the_o superior_a or_o his_o donatar_n be_v by_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o right_n as_o a_o tutor_n to_o the_o vassal_n heir_n craig_n observe_v that_o he_o be_v preserable_a to_o all_o other_o tutor_n except_o only_o the_o father_n of_o the_o heir_n who_o fee_n descend_v by_o the_o mother_n or_o some_o other_o person_n and_o that_o he_o be_v oblige_v as_o other_o tutor_n to_o pursue_v the_o right_n of_o the_o heir_n but_o the_o course_n of_o time_n have_v turn_v this_o right_n from_o its_o ancient_a institution_n so_o that_o the_o superior_a have_v less_o enjoyment_n of_o service_n but_o more_o of_o profit_n of_o the_o fee_n there_o be_v the_o less_o regard_n to_o the_o pupil_n education_n with_o or_o by_o the_o superior_a to_o the_o effect_n he_o may_v be_v fit_v for_o his_o service_n and_o therefore_o other_o tutor_n not_o only_o for_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o pupilsmean_n but_o even_o for_o the_o custody_n and_o education_n of_o his_o person_n will_v be_v prefer_v though_o of_o old_a the_o donatar_n of_o the_o ward_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o tutor_n in_o custody_n of_o the_o pupil_n person_n sinclar_n june_n 15._o 1543._o laird_n auchname_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o elphinstoun_n ledingtoun_n march_n 16._o 1565._o and_o july_n 12._o 1566._o weir_n contra_fw-la lochart_n yet_o late_a decision_n have_v favour_v tutor_n more_o and_o prefer_v they_o nicol._n ubi_fw-la pupuli_fw-la educari_fw-la mr._n james_n chalmers_n contra_fw-la elizabeth_n howstoun_n lady_n gadgirth_n neither_o have_v i_o ever_o observe_v that_o superior_n or_o their_o donatar_n be_v make_v liable_a as_o tutor_n for_o administration_n of_o their_o pupil_n affair_n 35._o the_o main_a effect_n of_o ward_n than_o be_v that_o thereby_o the_o superior_a or_o his_o donatar_n have_v during_o that_o time_n the_o full_a fruit_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o fee_n and_o may_v remove_v tenant_n and_o do_v all_o other_o deed_n that_o the_o proprietar_n may_v have_v do_v and_o be_v accustom_v to_o do_v as_o to_o continue_v the_o profit_n of_o a_o wood_n if_o there_o be_v constant_a cut_n as_o be_v divide_v in_o so_o many_o hag_n that_o the_o first_o be_v ready_a by_o the_o last_o be_v cut_v or_o go_v heugh_n as_o they_o be_v accustom_v by_o the_o vassal_n but_o he_o cannor_n cut_v more_o than_o the_o accustom_a yearly_a hag_n of_o wood_n or_o put_v in_o more_o coalzier_n than_o the_o vassal_n have_v at_o his_o death_n and_o ordinary_o before_o and_o he_o may_v remove_v and_o in_o put_v tenant_n and_o that_o without_o any_o precede_a declarator_n or_o favourable_a account_n esteem_v the_o retour_fw-fr mail_n for_o the_o rent_n as_o in_o nonentry_n but_o he_o may_v immediate_o pursue_v action_n for_o mail_n and_o duty_n remove_v etc._n etc._n unless_o the_o ward_n be_v tax_v and_o then_o the_o superior_a can_v have_v no_o more_o than_o the_o duty_n to_o which_o it_o be_v tax_v but_o for_o it_o he_o have_v not_o only_o the_o vassal_n and_o all_o intromettor_n with_o the_o fruit_n personal_o but_o he_o may_v also_o poynd_v the_o ground_n for_o the_o tax_v duty_n as_o craig_n affirm_v in_o this_o title_n 36._o yet_o the_o reach_n of_o the_o ward_n by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o fee_n can_v extend_v to_o alienation_n or_o consumption_n of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o fee_n or_o any_o part_n or_o pertinent_a thereof_o and_o this_o be_v clear_v by_o the_o statute_n parliament_n 1491._o cap._n 25._o whereby_o donatar_n must_v find_v caution_n not_o to_o destroy_v the_o biggings_n wood_n stank_n park_n meadow_n or_o dovecoat_n but_o to_o keep_v they_o in_o such_o kind_a as_o they_o get_v they_o ward_n be_v also_o restrain_v by_o the_o statute_n confirm_v feve_n of_o which_o former_o and_o these_o stand_v valid_a against_o the_o superior_a during_o the_o ward_n so_o do_v also_o all_o infeftment_n hold_v of_o he_o either_o by_o resignation_n or_o confirmation_n but_o not_o infeftment_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o his_o vassal_n unless_o confirm_v by_o he_o for_o albeit_o confirmation_n by_o the_o king_n which_o pass_v of_o course_n do_v not_o take_v away_o the_o casualty_n of_o ward_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o king_n vassal_n which_o affect_v the_o fee_n of_o the_o sub-vassal_n yet_o the_o confirmation_n of_o other_o superior_n of_o sub-vassal_n
in_o fee_n in_o certain_a land_n if_o the_o son_n relict_n be_v no_o otherways_o provide_v she_o may_v claim_v a_o terce_n of_o these_o land_n though_o the_o father_n do_v not_o perform_v his_o obligement_n which_o may_v be_v construe_v as_o fraudulent_a and_o in_o her_o prejudice_n 17._o terce_n be_v exclude_v by_o all_o way_n whereby_o the_o marriage_n be_v dissolve_v upon_o adultery_n or_o desertion_n or_o by_o the_o death_n of_o either_o party_n within_o year_n and_o day_n without_o child_n or_o may_v be_v find_v null_n of_o which_o former_o among_o conjugal_a interest_n tit._n 4._o and_o also_o by_o whatsoever_o way_n the_o husband_n be_v sine_fw-la frande_v divest_v the_o terce_n be_v exclude_v as_o by_o a_o crime_n infer_v forefaulture_n or_o recognition_n by_o the_o husband_n or_o his_o superior_a though_o not_o declare_v before_o his_o death_n or_o by_o the_o ward_n and_o nonentry_n of_o his_o immediate_a superior_a there_o be_v one_o decision_n observe_v by_o spotswood_n and_o hope_n betwixt_o the_o relict_n of_o john_n cranstoun_n and_o crichtonn_n that_o a_o apprise_n without_o infeftment_n do_v exclude_v a_o relict_n from_o her_o terce_n it_o be_v hard_a to_o sustain_v that_o in_o all_o case_n even_o though_o there_o be_v a_o charge_n against_o the_o superior_a upon_o the_o apprise_n which_o as_o it_o will_v not_o exclude_v the_o superior_a from_o the_o ward_n nonentry_n or_o relief_n so_o neither_o shall_v it_o exclude_v a_o relict_n from_o her_o terce_n unless_o she_o have_v a_o conjunct-fee_n or_o life-rent_a by_o consent_n equivalent_a to_o a_o tertia_fw-la rationabilis_fw-la and_o though_o our_o custom_n have_v far_o debord_v from_o the_o ancient_a design_n of_o terce_n whereby_o a_o reasonable_a terce_n be_v appoint_v and_o if_o any_o voluntary_a liferent_a be_v grant_v craig_n observe_v that_o it_o be_v ever_o understand_v to_o be_v no_o more_o but_o for_o clear_v and_o secure_v the_o tercer_n against_o the_o trouble_n and_o difficulty_n of_o recover_a possession_n by_o a_o service_n and_o therefore_o be_v always_o retrench_v unto_o the_o terce_n yet_o now_o not_o only_o real_a voluntary_a provision_n be_v sustain_v though_o of_o the_o husband_n whole_a estate_n and_o conquest_n albeit_o grant_v in_o aestu_fw-la amoris_fw-la with_o this_o temperament_n only_o that_o if_o the_o heir_n have_v no_o other_o estate_n the_o liferenter_fw-la mus_fw-la entertain_v and_o educat_fw-la he_o according_a to_o his_o quality_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v more_o extensive_a than_o a_o simple_a aliment_n but_o she_o be_v also_o liable_a super_fw-la jure_fw-la naturae_fw-la to_o aliment_v she_o other_o child_n if_o they_o have_v no_o provision_n but_o custom_n have_v so_o far_o proceed_v as_o not_o only_o to_o allow_v voluntary_a provision_n how_o great_a soever_o but_o therewith_o to_o add_v a_o terce_n of_o any_o other_o distinct_a tenement_n unless_o the_o voluntary_a liferent_a be_v accept_v in_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o terce_n which_o indeed_o be_v reasonable_a in_o many_o case_n the_o voluntary_a liferent_a be_v ofttimes_o small_a and_o suitable_a to_o the_o estate_n the_o party_n have_v when_o they_o marry_o but_o can_v make_v a_o rationabilis_fw-la tertia_fw-la if_o by_o conquest_n their_o estate_n shall_v grow_v great_a neither_o be_v it_o reasonable_a that_o though_o the_o voluntary_a provision_n be_v never_o so_o great_a that_o a_o terce_n shall_v be_v give_v though_o little_o remain_v to_o the_o heir_n only_o because_o by_o ignorance_n or_o negligence_n the_o clause_n in_o satisfaction_n be_v not_o adject_v which_o satisfaction_n may_v not_o only_o be_v prove_v by_o write_n but_o by_o presumption_n from_o the_o design_n of_o party_n in_o the_o contract_n of_o marriage_n which_o be_v uberrimae_fw-la fidei_fw-la for_o suppose_v which_o be_v ordinary_a enough_o that_o a_o liferent_a of_o land_n be_v provide_v by_o the_o contract_n of_o marriage_n yet_o some_o land_n be_v not_o mention_v but_o there_o be_v a_o clause_n adject_v for_o the_o liferent_a of_o the_o whole_a conquest_n be_v it_o rationabilis_fw-la terlia_fw-la to_o give_v the_o wife_n a_o three_o of_o that_o which_o be_v omit_v though_o she_o have_v a_o particular_a liferent_a of_o more_o and_o the_o whole_a conquest_n though_o never_o so_o considerable_a yea_o it_o come_v late_o to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d whether_o a_o liferenter_fw-la infeft_v in_o a_o annualrent_n out_o of_o her_o husband_n estate_n consist_v of_o one_o tenement_n lie_v contigue_fw-la the_o annualrent_a be_v two_o three_o of_o the_o rent_n thereof_o because_o it_o bear_v not_o in_o satisfaction_n of_o a_o terce_n the_o relict_n do_v also_o claim_v a_o terce_n out_o of_o that_o same_o one_o tenement_n which_o be_v yet_o sub_fw-la judice_fw-la but_o so_o far_o as_o i_o can_v understand_v by_o former_a decision_n it_o have_v not_o yet_o be_v determine_v whether_o relic_n shall_v have_v a_o reasonable_a terce_n according_a to_o the_o term_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n induce_v terce_n or_o whether_o she_o shall_v have_v a_o terce_n proportionable_a or_o suitable_a or_o not_o though_o she_o be_v already_o suitable_o provide_v if_o she_o have_v not_o express_o accept_v her_o former_a provision_n in_o satisfaction_n of_o her_o terce_n which_o terce_n be_v most_o favourable_a when_o suitable_a and_o therefore_o take_v place_n in_o the_o two_o case_n before_o mention_v even_o beyond_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o law_n and_o therefore_o if_o it_o be_v unproportionable_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n who_o may_v have_v a_o great_a estate_n in_o money_n and_o little_a land_n a_o voluntary_a provision_n out_o of_o any_o tenement_n shall_v not_o exclude_v a_o terce_n out_o of_o the_o remanent_fw-la of_o the_o same_o tenement_n or_o of_o any_o other_o tenement_n unless_o the_o relict_n be_v sufficient_o provide_v before_o there_o be_v one_o interloquter_n betwixt_o jean_n crightoun_n and_o kirkhouse_n her_o son_n wherein_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o she_o be_v sufficient_o provide_v to_o more_o than_o a_o terce_n of_o her_o husband_n estate_n which_o be_v repel_v but_o the_o case_n be_v in_o possessorio_fw-la where_o the_o relict_n be_v already_o serve_v and_o kenned_a to_o a_o terce_n and_o be_v pursue_v the_o tenant_n so_o that_o the_o service_n and_o ken_n be_v a_o stand_a sentence_n do_v not_o determine_v what_o may_v be_v do_v in_o petiterio_fw-la neither_o be_v that_o allegiance_n propon_v and_o offer_v to_o be_v prove_v but_o only_o allege_v informative_a whereas_o the_o defence_n propon_v be_v that_o the_o relic_n provision_n be_v but_o a_o minute_n of_o contract_n bear_v to_o be_v extend_v with_o all_o clause_n requisite_a whereof_o there_o be_v a_o process_n of_o extension_n depend_v include_v the_o acceptance_n in_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o terce_n as_o be_v ordinary_a but_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o that_o clause_n be_v omit_v in_o the_o full_a contract_n already_o extend_v but_o now_o by_o the_o late_a act_n of_o par._n 1681._o cap._n 1._o there_o be_v no_o place_n for_o a_o terce_n where_o there_o be_v a_o provision_n for_o the_o wife_n of_o liferent_a unless_o a_o terce_n be_v express_o reserve_v craig_n propose_v another_o case_n whether_o the_o 〈◊〉_d will_v have_v a_o terce_n of_o land_n competent_a in_o fee_n to_o her_o husband_n and_o so_o possess_v by_o he_o though_o by_o fraud_n or_o neglegence_n he_o never_o infeft_v himself_o which_o he_o say_v be_v the_o opinion_n of_o litletoun_n and_o it_o be_v not_o without_o much_o ground_n though_o it_o have_v not_o come_v to_o be_v decide_v with_o we_o voluntary_a liferent_n in_o satisfaction_n be_v so_o ordinary_a for_o though_o the_o appearand_a heir_n not_o enter_v can_v burden_v the_o fee_n with_o his_o debt_n yet_o his_o jus_o apparentiae_fw-la give_v he_o or_o his_o executor_n right_a to_o the_o fruit_n during_o all_o his_o life_n whereunto_o it_o will_v be_v suitable_a enough_o that_o though_o his_o voluntary_a provision_n to_o his_o wife_n can_v not_o affect_v the_o fee_n yet_o the_o legal_a provision_n of_o a_o reasonable_a terce_n might_n by_o the_o custom_n of_o england_n relic_n lose_v their_o terce_n by_o fall_v in_o public_a and_o atrocious_a crime_n as_o treason_n murder_n witchcraft_n although_o they_o be_v restore_v by_o the_o king_n by_o way_n of_o grace_n because_o thereby_o the_o memory_n of_o their_o husband_n and_o fame_n of_o their_o child_n be_v disgrace_v i_o know_v no_o such_o point_n to_o have_v be_v draw_v in_o question_n with_o we_o craig_n in_o the_o forecited_a place_n hold_v that_o if_o the_o fire_n transact_v for_o his_o own_o or_o his_o superior_n forefaulture_n or_o recognition_n or_o obtain_v a_o gift_n thereof_o it_o shall_v accress_v to_o the_o tercer_n who_o provision_n be_v onerous_a import_v warrandice_n and_o therefore_o may_v be_v effectual_a against_o the_o fire_n if_o he_o represent_v the_o husband_n and_o in_o all_o distress_n relief_n do_v import_v what_o the_o party_n distress_v true_o pay_v
chapter_n in_o common_a be_v not_o proper_o patronat_n by_o presentation_n but_o by_o nomination_n and_o collation_n yet_o the_o incumbent_n be_v not_o stipendiaries_n but_o enjoy_v these_o kirk_n as_o benefice_n but_o after_o the_o reformation_n when_o bishop_n and_o chapter_n be_v suppress_v these_o common_a kirk_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o other_o parsonage_n and_o viccarage_n and_o to_o be_v confer_v by_o presentation_n of_o the_o lawful_a patron_n and_o collation_n whereby_o they_o become_v then_o patronate_a the_o king_n or_o these_o to_o who_o he_o give_v right_o be_v patron_n but_o after_o the_o restitution_n of_o bishop_n and_o chapter_n parliament_n 1617._o cap._n 2._o these_o common_a kirk_n be_v restore_v to_o their_o ancient_a condition_n college_n kirk_n be_v benefice_n whereof_o the_o king_n be_v patron_n except_o some_o few_o which_o belong_v to_o subject_n chaplainry_n and_o altarage_n be_v under_o patronage_n of_o the_o founder_n or_o their_o successor_n before_o the_o reformation_n there_o be_v but_o few_o inferior_a benefice_n below_o prelacy_n viz._n collegiat_n and_o common_a kirk_n parsonage_n and_o viccarage_n which_o be_v but_o very_o few_o and_o many_o be_v find_v by_o the_o stint_v roll_n whereby_o eveny_a parsonage_n and_o viccarage_n be_v tax_v apart_o as_o distinct_a benefice_n the_o far_o great_a part_n of_o all_o the_o teind_n of_o scotland_n do_v belong_v to_o prelacy_n such_o as_o bishopric_n and_o abbacy_n and_o all_o the_o paroch_n kirk_n which_o belong_v to_o they_o be_v not_o distinct_a benefice_n but_o a_o part_n of_o their_o patrimony_n and_o be_v serve_v by_o themselves_o their_o viccar_n or_o their_o substitute_n without_o any_o fix_a maintenance_n but_o ad_fw-la placitum_fw-la so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o patronage_n of_o all_o these_o kirk_n and_o the_o ordinar_n provision_n thereof_o be_v the_o viccarage_n or_o small_a teind_v and_o sometime_o vicar_n pension_n out_o of_o the_o parsonage_n teind_n after_o the_o reformation_n all_o monastery_n be_v suppress_v they_o return_v to_o the_o king_n jure_fw-la coronae_fw-la as_o to_o their_o whole_a benefice_n both_o the_o teind_n or_o spitituality_n and_o land_n and_o barony_n or_o other_o temporal_a right_n but_o the_o king_n gift_v the_o most_o part_n of_o these_o benefice_n both_o spirituality_n and_o temporality_n to_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n and_o erect_v the_o same_o in_o temporal_a barony_n and_o lordship_n but_o with_o burden_n of_o competent_a provision_n to_o the_o minister_n of_o all_o the_o kirk_n which_o be_v part_n of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o say_n great_a benefice_n whereby_o the_o lord_n of_o erection_n come_v in_o place_n of_o these_o monastery_n have_v right_o to_o all_o the_o teind_n of_o the_o kirk_n which_o be_v the_o patrimony_n thereof_o and_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n do_v nominate_v their_o viccar_n in_o these_o kirk_n so_o the_o lord_n of_o erection_n do_v nominate_v the_o minister_n to_o the_o same_o and_o present_v they_o to_o the_o churchman_n to_o be_v try_v and_o admit_v and_o thereupon_o assume_v the_o title_n of_o patron_n though_o proper_o they_o be_v not_o such_o because_o the_o minister_n have_v no_o benefice_n but_o be_v stipendary_n have_v no_o right_n to_o the_o fruit_n till_o the_o year_n 1587._o when_o the_o temporality_n of_o all_o benefice_n belong_v to_o archbishop_n bishop_n prior_n prioress_n or_o whatsoever_o ecclesiastical_a benefit_n belong_v to_o any_o abbey_n cloister_n friar_n monk_n channon_n common-kirks_a and_o collegiate_n kirk_n be_v annex_v unto_o the_o crown_n with_o several_a exception_n act_n 29._o par_fw-fr 1587._o and_o though_o that_o act_n seem_v only_o to_o annex_v the_o temporality_n then_o belong_v to_o these_o churchman_n and_o not_o to_o extend_v to_o the_o temporality_n already_o erect_v to_o secular_a person_n yet_o by_o the_o exception_n of_o the_o many_o erection_n therein_o contain_v it_o have_v be_v ever_o hold_v as_o a_o annexation_n of_o all_o the_o temporality_n that_o do_v belong_v to_o these_o benefice_n but_o the_o spirituality_n or_o teind_n be_v declare_v not_o to_o be_v annex_v but_o by_o the_o act_n 115_o parliament_n 1592._o erection_n either_o of_o kirk-land_n or_o teind_n in_o temporal_a lordship_n after_o the_o say_a act_n of_o annexation_n be_v declare_v null_n except_o such_o part_n and_o portion_n of_o the_o kirk-land_n already_o erect_v in_o temporal_a lordship_n to_o such_o person_n as_o since_o the_o act_n of_o annexation_n have_v receive_v the_o honour_n of_o lord_n of_o parliament_n and_o have_v sit_v and_o vot_v in_o parliament_n as_o temporal_a lord_n whence_o the_o question_n arise_v whether_o that_o exception_n derogate_v only_o from_o this_o act_n or_o also_o from_o the_o say_v general_a act_n of_o annexation_n but_o by_o the_o 195._o act_n parliament_n 1594._o all_o erection_n since_o the_o say_v general_a act_n of_o annexation_n not_o except_v in_o the_o say_a act_n be_v declare_v null_n which_o do_v also_o leave_v a_o doubt_n as_o to_o to_o the_o erection_n precede_v the_o say_a act_n of_o annexation_n and_o by_o the_o second_o act_n parliament_n 1606._o restore_a bishop_n it_o be_v declare_v for_o the_o better_a satisfaction_n of_o his_o majesty_n subject_n and_o faithful_a servant_n who_o his_o majesty_n have_v reward_v with_o erection_n feve_n patronage_n teind_n and_o confirmation_n of_o teind_n patronage_n and_o other_o right_n of_o abbacy_n and_o that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v put_v in_o mistrust_n therefore_o ratify_v the_o hail_n erection_n infeftment_n confirmation_n patronage_n tack_n and_o other_o security_n of_o benefice_n not_o be_v bishopric_n give_v dispone_v and_o confirm_v by_o his_o majesty_n during_o the_o parliament_n 1587._o before_n or_o sinsine_n agreeable_a to_o the_o say_n law_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o faithful_o promit_v in_o verbo_fw-la principis_fw-la never_o to_o quarrel_v the_o same_o which_o seem_v to_o give_v further_a ground_n to_o erection_n though_o qualify_v with_o that_o provision_n that_o the_o say_n erection_n be_v conform_v to_o the_o act_n of_o annexation_n and_o law_n make_v sinsine_n whereby_o the_o same_o may_v only_o extend_v to_o the_o erection_n except_v and_o warrant_v in_o the_o say_a act_n of_o annexation_n which_o except_v several_a erection_n former_o make_v and_o leave_v some_o kirk-land_n to_o the_o king_n dispose_n by_o subsequent_a erection_n in_o this_o case_n do_v king_n james_n leave_v the_o condition_n of_o kirk-land_n teind_n and_o patronage_n king_n charles_n the_o first_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o be_v inform_v of_o the_o great_a benefit_n his_o father_n may_v have_v make_v by_o suppress_v of_o popery_n and_o the_o popish_a benefice_n if_o he_o have_v not_o gift_v they_o away_o before_o he_o consider_v do_v resolve_v to_o recover_v the_o same_o to_o the_o crown_n and_o therefore_o make_v a_o very_a ample_a revocation_n of_o all_o deed_n do_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o any_o of_o his_o royal_a progenitor_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1627._o there_o be_v a_o reduction_n intend_v of_o all_o erection_n of_o kirk-land_n teind_n patronage_n which_o do_v pertain_v to_o whatsoever_o abbacy_n priory_n or_o other_o benefice_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n ratify_v the_o same_o with_o all_o infeftment_n of_o heritable_a office_n or_o regality_n which_o revocation_n and_o process_n have_v make_v a_o great_a noise_n the_o king_n give_v commission_n to_o several_a nobleman_n and_o other_o to_o endeavour_v a_o agreement_n with_o these_o who_o have_v right_a to_o erection_n or_o any_o right_n to_o kirklands_n or_o teind_n whereupon_o there_o be_v a_o submission_n make_v by_o many_o person_n who_o have_v right_a to_o kirk-land_n and_o teind_n contain_v a_o procuratory_n of_o resignation_n in_o the_o king_n hand_n ad_fw-la perpetuam_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la of_o the_o superiority_n of_o all_o land_n and_o other_o temporal_a right_n pertain_v to_o whatsoever_o erection_n of_o the_o temporality_n of_o benefice_n reserve_v and_o except_v the_o property_n of_o all_o the_o say_n land_n and_o other_o whereunto_o they_o have_v right_a before_o or_o after_o the_o say_n erection_n pay_v the_o ancient_a feu-duty_n to_o his_o majesty_n that_o be_v payable_a to_o kirk-man_n and_o that_o such_o demain_v and_o mensal_n land_n of_o the_o say_n benefice_n as_o be_v never_o set_v in_o feu_n or_o rental_a by_o the_o ancient_a titular_o before_o the_o act_n of_o annexation_n nor_o by_o the_o king_n and_o be_v then_o possess_v by_o any_o of_o the_o lord_n of_o erection_n shall_v be_v feve_v to_o they_o and_o no_o other_o for_o such_o feu-duty_n as_o his_o majesty_n commissioner_n shall_v appoint_v they_o do_v thereby_o also_o submit_v to_o his_o majesty_n what_o satisfaction_n he_o shall_v give_v they_o for_o the_o feu-duty_n and_o other_o constant_a rent_n of_o the_o superiority_n resign_v and_o all_o right_n of_o teithes_n that_o they_o have_v that_o his_o majesty_n may_v appoint_v the_o quantity_n rate_n and_o
21._o 1663._o henry_n hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la william_n hamiltoun_n which_o hold_v olso_o in_o adjudication_n by_o the_o late_a act_n of_o parliament_n come_v in_o place_n of_o appryzing_n but_o security_n for_o sum_n have_v be_v of_o a_o long_a time_n take_v frequent_o in_o another_o way_n viz._n by_o simple_a alienation_n titulo_fw-la venditionis_fw-la with_o a_o reversion_n which_o be_v but_o 〈◊〉_d de_fw-fr retro_fw-la vendendo_fw-la ordinary_o take_v a_o part_n that_o if_o the_o creditor_n be_v not_o satisfy_v he_o may_v force_v the_o debtor_n to_o pass_v from_o his_o reversion_n and_o so_o his_o reversion_n stand_v absolute_o which_o give_v the_o occasion_n to_o these_o kind_n of_o security_n and_o also_o because_o during_o popery_n all_o annualrent_n for_o the_o use_n of_o sum_n be_v discharge_v as_o usury_n and_o therefore_o creditor_n buy_v annualrent_n and_o give_v reversion_n to_o the_o debtor_n which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o another_o convoy_n as_o to_o these_o wodset_n in_o this_o place_n and_o that_o first_o as_o to_o the_o constitution_n of_o wodset_n and_o next_o as_o to_o the_o destitution_n thereof_o 2._o as_o to_o the_o constitution_n of_o a_o wodset_n it_o must_v be_v according_a to_o the_o thing_n or_o right_o impignorat_a for_o a_o tack_v or_o liferent_a a_o assignation_n to_o these_o or_o any_o other_o cessible_a right_n may_v be_v give_v in_o wodset_n for_o security_n and_o under_o reversion_n but_o the_o ordinary_a wodset_n be_v by_o infeftment_n of_o property_n or_o of_o annualrent_a the_o conception_n whereof_o be_v not_o under_o the_o name_n of_o impledge_v impignoration_n hypothecation_n or_o the_o like_a but_o in_o the_o term_n of_o disposition_n or_o infeftment_n whereby_o the_o property_n of_o the_o thing_n wodset_n pass_v and_o be_v establish_v in_o the_o wodsetter_n but_o under_o reversion_n to_o the_o constituent_a whereby_o it_o have_v two_o part_n the_o infeftment_n and_o the_o reversion_n the_o infeftment_n in_o wodset_n be_v in_o all_o point_n like_v to_o other_o infeftment_n whether_o they_o be_v infeftment_n of_o property_n or_o of_o annualrent_a or_o whether_o they_o be_v public_a hold_v of_o the_o constituent_v superior_a or_o base_a hold_v of_o himself_o so_o that_o all_o the_o specialty_n of_o wodset_n resolve_v in_o reversion_n 3._o a_o reversion_n be_v a_o paction_n and_o condition_n or_o provision_n for_o redemption_n of_o any_o thing_n alienat_fw-la upon_o such_o term_n as_o be_v agree_v upon_o which_o of_o itself_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o personal_a obligation_n whereby_o the_o wodsetter_n be_v oblige_v until_o by_o that_o excellent_a statute_n par._n 1469._o cap._n 27._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o reversion_n shall_v be_v effectual_a not_o only_o against_o the_o first_o wodsetter_n himself_o but_o all_o his_o successor_n in_o the_o wodset_a land_n whereby_o reversion_n be_v account_v as_o heritable_a and_o real_a right_n affect_v singular_a successor_n in_o the_o same_o way_n that_o tack_n be_v make_v real_a right_n by_o the_o statute_n thereanent_fw-la the_o english_a by_o reversion_n do_v not_o understand_v a_o right_n of_o redemption_n but_o a_o right_n of_o survivancy_n or_o succession_n as_o the_o reversion_n of_o a_o office_n be_v a_o title_n to_o that_o office_n after_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o present_a incumbent_n and_o that_o which_o we_o call_v a_o wodset_n they_o call_v a_o mortgage_n for_o a_o gage_n be_v a_o pledge_n which_o be_v real_o engage_v and_o mortgage_n be_v a_o pledge_n the_o redemption_n whereof_o die_v or_o be_v extinct_a if_o it_o be_v not_o use_v at_o the_o time_n and_o in_o the_o manner_n agree_v upon_o by_o the_o party_n of_o that_o with_o they_o in_o their_o mortgage_n not_o only_o clause_n irritant_fw-la or_o 〈◊〉_d legis_fw-la commissoriae_fw-la be_v valide_fw-la but_o if_o the_o provision_n for_o redemption_n be_v for_o a_o definite_a time_n that_o be_v elapse_v the_o mortgage_n become_v irredeemable_a by_o their_o common_a law_n what_o remeid_v may_v be_v have_v in_o the_o chanclery_n upon_o equity_n i_o know_v not_o 4._o before_o we_o come_v to_o the_o solemnity_n requisite_a for_o constitute_v reversion_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o distinguish_v the_o several_a kind_n thereof_o reversion_n be_v either_o legal_a arise_v from_o law_n and_o statute_n and_o not_o from_o consent_n of_o party_n as_o be_v the_o legal_a reversion_n of_o appryzing_n and_o adjudication_n or_o they_o be_v conventional_a by_o the_o consent_n of_o party_n which_o be_v either_o incorporate_v in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o wodset-right_a or_o a_o part_n they_o be_v also_o either_o principal_a reversion_n or_o eik_n to_o reversion_n and_o they_o be_v either_o solemn_a and_o perfect_v or_o only_o inchoat_fw-la such_o as_o promise_n bond_n and_o condition_n for_o grant_v reversion_n 5._o legal_a reversion_n require_v no_o other_o solemnity_n than_o what_o be_v requisite_a to_o the_o legal_a constitution_n of_o the_o right_a whereupon_o they_o follow_v the_o common_a solemnity_n requisite_a for_o reversion_n and_o other_o write_v of_o old_a be_v only_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o grant_a without_o necessity_n of_o his_o subscription_n but_o by_o the_o act_n of_o par._n 1555._o cap._n 29._o it_o be_v require_v that_o all_o reversion_n bond_n and_o obligation_n for_o make_v of_o reversion_n be_v not_o only_o seal_v but_o subscribe_v by_o the_o granter_n own_o hand_n and_o if_o he_o can_v write_v by_o his_o hand_n lead_v at_o the_o pen_n by_o a_o nottar_n or_o otherways_o they_o make_v no_o faith_n unless_o the_o same_o by_o consent_n of_o party_n be_v registrat_n in_o the_o book_n of_o a_o judge_n ordinar_n or_o that_o it_o be_v a_o reversion_n within_o burgh_n contain_v in_o the_o instrument_n of_o resignation_n and_o seasine_n of_o land_n by_o the_o bailie_n and_o town-clerk_n and_o by_o the_o act_n of_o par._n 1579._o cap._n 80._o reversion_n assignation_n and_o discharge_v thereof_o and_o eik_n thereto_o or_o other_o write_v of_o great_a importance_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v subscribe_v and_o seal_v by_o the_o principal_a party_n or_o if_o they_o can_v write_v by_o two_o nottar_n before_o four_o design_a witness_n else_o to_o be_v null_n and_o of_o no_o faith_n but_o the_o matter_n of_o reversion_n be_v perfect_v by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1617._o cap._n 16._o ordain_v all_o reversion_n regress_n bond_n or_o writer_n for_o make_v reversion_n assignation_n and_o discharge_v of_o the_o same_o to_o be_v registrat_n in_o the_o register_n of_o seasine_n and_o reversion_n within_o sixty_o day_n of_o their_o date_n otherways_o to_o have_v no_o effect_n save_v only_o against_o the_o granter_n thereof_o but_o not_o against_o their_o singular_a successor_n acquire_v perfect_a and_o lawful_a right_n but_o this_o be_v not_o requisite_a in_o infeftment_n of_o burgage-land_n within_o royal_a burgh_n nor_o in_o reversion_n incorporat_a in_o the_o right_n of_o wodset_n upon_o consideration_n of_o the_o inconvenience_n &_o insecurity_n of_o burgage-land_n the_o lord_n by_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la ordain_v the_o burgh_n to_o take_v sufficient_a caution_n of_o their_o town-clerk_n present_a and_o to_o come_v to_o insert_v in_o their_o book_n all_o seasine_n give_v by_o they_o of_o tenement_n within_o burgh_n and_o all_o reversion_n or_o bond_n for_o grant_v reversion_n assignation_n thereto_o and_o discharge_v thereof_o renunciation_n and_o grant_n of_o redemption_n and_o that_o within_o sixty_o day_n after_o the_o give_v of_o seasine_n or_o present_v to_o they_o of_o the_o reversion_n or_o other_o foresaid_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o the_o damnage_n of_o party_n acquire_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la for_o onerous_a cause_n that_o they_o may_v incur_v by_o such_o latent_fw-la right_n declare_v that_o such_o seasine_n and_o reversion_n not_o insert_v in_o manner_n foresay_a to_o be_v esteem_v as_o latent_fw-la and_o fraudulent_a keep_v up_o of_o purpose_n to_o ensnare_v lawful_a purchaser_n which_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la be_v date_v february_n 22._o 1681._o so_o that_o as_o by_o the_o first_o act_n reversion_n be_v make_v effectual_a by_o this_o last_o they_o be_v make_v evident_a that_o acquirer_n may_v be_v secure_v against_o latent_fw-la reversion_n and_o by_o the_o registration_n or_o be_v in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o wodset_n the_o necessity_n of_o seall_v be_v take_v off_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o desuetude_n it_o be_v also_o consequent_a from_o this_o last_o act_n that_o not_o only_o formal_a and_o solemn_a reversion_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o wodset_n or_o registrat_n be_v effectual_a against_o singular_a successor_n but_o also_o bond_n and_o write_v for_o make_v of_o reversion_n otherways_o there_o need_v no_o ordinance_n to_o registrate_n these_o for_o the_o purchaser_n security_n if_o of_o themselves_o they_o can_v affect_v purchaser_n but_o promise_n of_o reversion_n be_v no_o way_n effectual_a against_o singular_a successor_n unless_o they_o have_v be_v bring_v into_o write_v at_o least_o by_o decreet_a before_o these_o
the_o land_n that_o the_o value_n and_o worth_n thereof_o may_v the_o more_o clear_o appear_v where_o after_o discuss_v of_o the_o appryzer_n claim_v the_o hability_n of_o the_o person_n of_o inquest_n and_o witness_n so_o much_o land_n be_v apprise_v and_o adjudge_v as_o be_v worth_a the_o sum_n the_o year_n rend_v to_o the_o superior_a and_o expense_n of_o infeftment_n and_o if_o the_o land_n be_v burden_v with_o any_o former_a annualrent_n whereby_o a_o proportion_n of_o land_n can_v not_o be_v apprise_v free_a of_o burden_n there_o be_v apprise_v a_o annualrent_a forth_o of_o the_o land_n effeirand_a to_o the_o sum_n and_o expense_n aforesaid_a and_o redeemable_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n which_o be_v sustain_v by_o the_o meaning_n and_o intent_n of_o the_o statute_n though_o by_o the_o word_n of_o it_o apprize_a of_o land_n be_v only_o mention_v it_o be_v ever_o extend_v to_o all_o heritable_a right_n thus_o it_o continue_v till_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n upon_o exception_n against_o the_o sheriff_n upon_o his_o interest_n relation_n or_o enimity_n or_o upon_o the_o lie_a of_o land_n in_o diverse_a jurisdiction_n for_o prevent_v of_o expense_n by_o many_o appryzing_n where_o the_o land_n in_o one_o jurisdiction_n suffice_v not_o do_v grant_v letter_n of_o apprize_a under_o the_o signet_n direct_v not_o to_o the_o ordinar_n sheriff_n but_o to_o sherift_n in_o that_o part_n which_o be_v frequent_a do_v come_v to_o run_v in_o course_n to_o messenger_n as_o sheriff_n in_o that_o part_n etc._n etc._n and_o thereby_o the_o appryzer_n in_o respect_n the_o letter_n have_v a_o blank_a for_o insert_v the_o messenger_n name_n do_v choice_n the_o messenger_n who_o do_v denunce_v all_o land_n and_o other_o heritable_a right_n which_o the_o appryzer_n pretend_v to_o belong_v to_o his_o debtor_n and_o in_o respect_n the_o letter_n bear_v dispensation_n of_o the_o place_n do_v apprise_v at_o edinhurgh_n all_o that_o the_o appryzer_n clame_v in_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o debt_n without_o knowledge_n or_o consideration_n of_o the_o value_n of_o the_o land_n or_o other_o apprise_v or_o proportion_n to_o the_o sum_n apprise_v for_o and_o thereupon_o be_v infeft_v in_o the_o whole_a and_o pay_v to_o the_o superior_a a_o composition_n for_o a_o year_n rend_v of_o the_o whole_a which_o be_v a_o considerable_a accession_n to_o the_o debtor_n debt_n and_o behove_v to_o be_v pay_v by_o he_o and_o by_o the_o say_n appryzing_n the_o appryzer_n may_v and_o oftentimes_o do_v enter_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o whole_a land_n without_o be_v countable_a for_o the_o rent_n thereof_o of_o what_o quantity_n soever_o by_o this_o abuse_n the_o intent_n of_o that_o excellent_a statute_n for_o appryzing_n be_v enervat_fw-la and_o the_o same_o turn_v in_o a_o mere_a formality_n until_o the_o par._n 1621._o cap._n 6._o which_o begin_v to_o correct_v that_o exorbitant_a abuse_n and_o declare_v appryzer_n countable_a for_o their_o intromission_n in_o so_o far_o as_o exceed_v their_o annualrent_n to_o be_v impute_v in_o their_o principal_a sum_n pro_fw-la tanto_fw-la and_o that_o they_o be_v thereby_o satisfy_v of_o their_o sum_n principal_a and_o annual_a composition_n to_o the_o superior_a and_o expense_n of_o apprize_a and_o infeftment_n that_o thereby_o the_o apprize_a shall_v expyre_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la and_o it_o be_v also_o declare_v that_o if_o the_o land_n apprise_v be_v not_o worth_a of_o free_a rent_n effeirand_a to_o the_o annualrent_a of_o the_o say_a sum_n that_o before_o redemption_n he_o shall_v be_v satisfy_v of_o the_o superplus_n by_o which_o act_n it_o be_v declare_v that_o minor_n may_v redeem_v land_n apprise_v from_o they_o at_o any_o time_n within_o their_o age_n of_o twenty_o five_o year_n complete_a yet_o so_o that_o after_o the_o first_o seven_o year_n the_o appryzer_n shall_v have_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o whole_a mail_n and_o duty_n till_o he_o be_v redeem_v which_o have_v always_o be_v extend_v to_o land_n apprise_v from_o person_n be_v major_a if_o a_o minor_a succeed_v during_o the_o legal_a and_o if_o a_o person_n be_v major_a succeed_v to_o he_o who_o be_v minor_a he_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o reversion_n of_o seven_o year_n in_o so_o far_o as_o be_v not_o run_v in_o the_o minor_n life_n and_o if_o less_o remain_v then_o a_o year_n at_o the_o minor_n death_n the_o major_n have_v a_o full_a year_n to_o redeem_v after_o the_o minor_n death_n and_o by_o the_o act_n 1669._o of_o the_o abrogat_fw-la parliament_n 1641._o appryzer_n be_v declare_v countable_a for_o the_o rent_n of_o apprise_v land_n intromet_v with_o by_o they_o during_o all_o the_o time_n of_o the_o legal_a whether_o competent_a to_o minor_n or_o other_o and_o because_o of_o another_o great_a abuse_n by_o the_o debord_v of_o appryzing_n from_o the_o first_o institution_n that_o the_o first_o appryzer_n apprize_a the_o whole_a estate_n the_o other_o creditor_n have_v no_o more_o but_o the_o legal_a reversion_n which_o do_v ordinary_o expyre_v the_o subsequent_a creditor_n not_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v money_n to_o redeem_v the_o anterior_a appryzer_n whereby_o the_o first_o appryzer_n carry_v the_o whole_a estate_n and_o exclude_v all_o the_o rest_n and_o be_v ashamed_a to_o take_v so_o great_a a_o legal_a advantage_n and_o sometime_o not_o dare_v to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o do_v ordinary_o compone_v with_o the_o debtor_n his_o appearand_a heir_n or_o some_o confident_a to_o their_o behoof_n whereby_o the_o debtor_n heir_n recover_v his_o whole_a estate_n by_o satisfy_v one_o creditor_n and_o exclude_v all_o the_o rest_n therefore_o the_o par._n 1661._o by_o their_o act_n 62._o anent_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n declare_v that_o all_o appryzing_n deduce_v since_o the_o first_o of_o january_n 1652._o or_o to_o be_v deduce_v in_o time_n come_v within_o a_o year_n after_o the_o first_o apprize_a which_o become_v effectual_a by_o infeftment_n or_o charge_n shall_v come_v in_o pari_fw-la passu_fw-la as_o if_o one_o apprize_a have_v be_v lead_v for_o all_o the_o sum_n and_o thereby_o the_o legal_a be_v extend_v to_o ten_o year_n and_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o whensoever_o the_o appearand_a heir_n or_o any_o to_o his_o behoof_n shall_v acquire_v right_a to_o any_o expyre_v apprize_a that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v redeem_v from_o they_o within_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o year_n after_o their_o acquiry_n by_o posterior_n appryzer_n upon_o payment_n of_o what_o they_o true_o pay_v in_o so_o far_o as_o shall_v not_o be_v satisfy_v by_o their_o intromission_n but_o neither_o do_v this_o statute_n cure_v the_o abuse_n of_o appryzing_n and_o therefore_o the_o act_n of_o par._n of_o the_o 6._o of_o septem_fw-la 1672._o upon_o consideration_n of_o debord_v of_o appryzing_n from_o the_o first_o design_n and_o of_o the_o great_a inconvenience_n arise_v thereby_o for_o the_o bring_n in_o of_o all_o appryzer_n within_o year_n and_o day_n do_v give_v way_n to_o break_v the_o credit_n and_o ruin_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a heretor_n in_o the_o kingdom_n that_o creditor_n be_v thereby_o invite_v under_o the_o hazard_n of_o be_v exclude_v to_o appryze_v within_o a_o year_n and_o thereby_o one_o wilful_a malicious_a or_o necessitous_a creditor_n apprize_v all_o the_o rest_n follow_v and_o entire_o brook_v their_o credit_n unless_o they_o will_v pay_v all_o their_o debt_n in_o one_o day_n therefore_o the_o parliament_n do_v in_o place_n of_o appryzing_n ordain_v adjudication_n to_o proceed_v before_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n for_o adjudge_v the_o land_n and_o other_o heritable_a right_n of_o debtor_n effeirand_a to_o the_o sum_n apprise_v for_o and_o a_o five_o part_v more_o in_o place_n of_o the_o penaltiy_n and_o sheriff-fee_n and_o allow_v witness_n for_o either_o party_n for_o clear_v of_o the_o rental_a and_o rate_n of_o the_o land_n in_o the_o several_a place_n where_o they_o lie_v and_o appoint_v the_o adjudger_n to_o have_v present_a possession_n of_o the_o land_n adjudge_v not_o be_v accountable_a for_o his_o intromission_n during_o the_o legal_a redeemable_a only_o within_o five_o year_n whereby_o the_o creditor_n have_v easy_a accress_n for_o his_o satisfaction_n without_o all_o hazard_n or_o account_n which_o have_v be_v the_o ground_n of_o many_o tedious_a process_n of_o count_n and_o reckon_a for_o the_o intromission_n of_o former_a appryzer_n and_o wherein_o the_o adjudger_n be_v to_o have_v the_o consent_n of_o his_o debtor_n both_o as_o to_o right_n and_o possession_n and_o delivery_n of_o the_o evident_n and_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o if_o the_o debtor_n do_v not_o instruct_v and_o deliver_v a_o good_a right_n and_o consent_n as_o say_v be_v that_o the_o creditor_n may_v adjudge_v all_o the_o debtor_n estate_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o to_o the_o same_o effect_n as_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o act_n of_o par._n 1661._o between_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n we_o shall_v not_o here_o speak_v of_o
law_n but_o by_o mistake_n have_v resolve_v most_o case_n by_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n especial_o of_o england_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o custom_n may_v be_v conjecture_v not_o only_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o feudal_n right_n not_o disposable_a by_o testament_n but_o only_o by_o investiture_n but_o also_o for_o public_a utility_n because_o person_n on_o deathbed_n be_v weak_a the_o mind_n be_v easy_o affect_v with_o the_o trouble_n of_o the_o body_n and_o so_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v wrought_v upon_o by_o insinuation_n or_o importunity_n to_o do_v deed_n contrary_v their_o interest_n and_o former_a resolution_n especial_o by_o the_o popish_a clergy_n who_o have_v for_o their_o own_o corrupt_a end_n forge_v puragatory_n and_o prayer_n for_o the_o dead_a their_o power_n of_o indulgence_n and_o prayer_n for_o the_o dead_a their_o power_n of_o indulgence_n and_o pardon_n of_o sin_n do_v thereby_o deceive_v the_o christian_a world_n and_o obtain_v upon_o deathbed_n so_o large_a donation_n to_o their_o clergy_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o donator_n lawful_a heir_n which_o therefore_o our_o ancient_a custom_n have_v wise_o provide_v against_o 28._o the_o main_a difficulty_n be_v in_o what_o case_n the_o law_n account_v party_n to_o be_v on_o deathbed_n or_o when_o they_o be_v in_o health_n and_o liege_n poustie_a for_o these_o be_v the_o two_o opposite_a term_n of_o law_n liege_n poustie_a or_o deathbed_n for_o clear_v whereof_o these_o point_n must_v be_v consider_v first_o whether_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o defunct_a before_o the_o deed_n in_o question_n have_v contract_v disease_n or_o become_v sick_a and_o whether_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o condescend_v and_o instruct_v the_o special_a kind_n of_o sickness_n or_o that_o it_o be_v morbus_fw-la sonticus_fw-la or_o a_o disease_n affect_v the_o whole_a body_n and_o brain_n or_o if_o the_o keep_v the_o house_n and_o the_o party_n die_v before_o he_o go_v abroad_o be_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v presumptive_a that_o he_o have_v contract_v the_o disease_n whereof_o he_o die_v so_o soon_o as_o he_o keep_v the_o house_n 2._o whether_o a_o contrair_a probation_n of_o the_o party_n be_v in_o health_n be_v sufficient_a in_o that_o he_o be_v of_o a_o sound_a judgement_n and_o memory_n and_o keep_v the_o ordinar_n time_n of_o put_v off_o and_o on_o his_o clothes_n and_o of_o eat_v and_o drink_v as_o when_o he_o be_v in_o health_n or_o write_v securitye_n that_o require_v clearness_n and_o distinctness_n of_o mind_n be_v sufficient_a or_o if_o do_v his_o ordinar_n affair_n make_v bargain_n and_o accompt_n try_v for_o other_o or_o himself_o play_v at_o card_n or_o other_o game_n within_o door_n give_v evidence_n of_o be_v merry_n be_v sufficient_a to_o instruct_v health_n and_o liege_n poustie_n 3._o if_o sickness_n contract_v be_v presume_v or_o prove_v whether_o there_o be_v necessity_n to_o prove_v the_o continuance_n of_o the_o sickness_n till_o death_n or_o that_o the_o defunct_a die_v of_o that_o sickness_n or_o if_o the_o sickness_n once_o contract_v be_v presume_v to_o continue_v unless_o convalescence_n and_o recovery_n of_o health_n be_v prove_v 4._o whether_o liege_n poustie_a by_o convalescence_n be_v sufficient_o prove_v by_o the_o defunct_n go_v to_o kirk_n and_o marcat_fw-la free_o without_o help_n and_o whether_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o go_v to_o the_o marcat_fw-la place_n or_o to_o the_o kirk_n though_o there_o be_v no_o convention_n nor_o congregation_n there_o or_o whether_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o go_v to_o kirk_n and_o marcat_fw-la be_v when_o the_o congregation_n be_v convene_v or_o in_o mercat_n time_n 5._o whether_o in_o that_o case_n supportation_n be_v prove_v it_o be_v more_o pregnant_a and_o preferable_a to_o the_o probation_n of_o walk_v free_o and_o be_v what_o act_v supportation_n be_v infer_v whether_o by_o help_v the_o defunct_a by_o his_o oxter_n by_o his_o elbow_n or_o by_o his_o hand_n be_v sufficient_a or_o if_o help_v he_o up_o stair_n or_o down_o stair_n to_o and_o from_o his_o horse_n or_o upon_o a_o ragged_a way_n or_o whether_o be_v help_v by_o a_o staff_n will_v infer_v supportation_n 6._o whether_o go_v free_o to_o kirk_n and_o marcat_fw-la unsupported_a may_v be_v take_v off_o by_o any_o probation_n that_o notwithstanding_o thereof_o the_o sickness_n do_v continue_v whereof_o the_o defunct_a die_v 7._o whether_o convalescence_n and_o liege_n poustie_a may_v be_v prove_v by_o any_o other_o act_n then_o go_v unsupported_a to_o kirk_n and_o mercat_n or_o if_o equivalent_a act_n may_v be_v sufficient_a and_o if_o go_v abroad_o about_o the_o house_n unsupported_a be_v sufficient_a deathbed_n be_v of_o so_o great_a importance_n with_o we_o as_o reach_v the_o estate_n and_o heritage_n of_o party_n that_o the_o lord_n have_v be_v very_o careful_a for_o clear_v and_o fix_v the_o same_o that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v under_o uncertain_a conjecture_n or_o probation_n and_o whereas_o by_o a_o ordinar_n act_n of_o litiscontestation_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n prove_v his_o reason_n of_o deathbed_n by_o any_o two_o habile_fw-la witness_n or_o the_o defender_n may_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n prove_v the_o go_v abroad_o to_o kirk_n and_o mercat_n or_o act_n equivalent_a in_o defence_n or_o the_o persuer_fw-mi might_n prove_v supportation_n by_o way_n of_o reply_n and_o all_o by_o any_o two_o habile_fw-la witness_n the_o lord_n have_v take_v a_o far_o more_o secure_a sway_n to_o allow_v probation_n to_o be_v adduce_v for_o either_o party_n concern_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o defunct_a as_o to_o sickness_n or_o health_n and_o concern_v his_o go_v abroad_o thereafter_o and_o the_o manner_n thereof_o whereby_o neither_o party_n have_v the_o choice_n of_o the_o witness_n to_o be_v in_o a_o capacity_n to_o influence_n they_o but_o either_o party_n adduce_v witness_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o one_o unexamined_a who_o know_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o so_o the_o truth_n come_v to_o clear_v and_o evident_a light_n and_o which_o probation_n stand_v in_o place_n of_o litiscontestation_n for_o albeit_o it_o bear_v to_o be_v before_o answer_n to_o the_o relevancie_n and_o that_o after_o the_o probation_n be_v close_v they_o be_v permit_v to_o resume_v the_o debate_n as_o to_o the_o relevancie_n as_o to_o such_o point_n as_o they_o desire_v chief_o to_o be_v notice_v and_o wherein_o they_o do_v believe_v that_o sufficient_a probation_n be_v adduce_v which_o probation_n be_v close_v and_o may_v not_o particular_o be_v debate_v upon_o how_o far_o any_o point_n be_v prove_v which_o be_v only_o proper_a to_o the_o lord_n to_o consider_v with_o close_o door_n yet_o no_o new_a litiscontestation_n can_v be_v make_v or_o any_o new_a fact_n admit_v to_o be_v prove_v after_o the_o probation_n before_o answer_n be_v conclude_v and_o advise_v or_o renounce_v unless_o the_o lord_n ex_fw-la officio_fw-la &_o proprio_fw-la motu_fw-la for_o clear_v of_o any_o part_n of_o the_o probation_n that_o remain_v dubrous_a require_v further_o as_o they_o may_v do_v at_o the_o advise_v of_o any_o cause_n even_o upon_o litiscontestation_n as_o be_v find_v upon_o decem._n 5_o and_o 6._o 1672._o clellands_n contra_fw-la clelland_n of_o falskin_n to_o come_v then_o to_o the_o point_n propose_v to_o be_v clear_v for_o the_o first_o point_n whether_o keep_v the_o house_n presume_v sickness_n contract_v or_o if_o sickness_n must_v be_v prove_v and_o what_o kind_n of_o sickness_n albeit_o the_o ordinar_n style_n of_o the_o reason_n of_o reduction_n bear_v thatbefore_n the_o deed_n in_o question_n the_o defunct_a contract_v the_o mortal_a disease_n whereof_o he_o die_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o allege_v or_o instruct_v that_o it_o be_v morbus_fw-la sonticus_fw-la january_n 7._o 1624._o schaw_n contra_fw-la grace_n neither_o that_o the_o defunct_a be_v bed-fast_a when_o the_o deed_n be_v do_v feb._n 1._o 1622._o robertson_n contra_fw-la fleeming_n and_o albeit_o the_o presumption_n of_o the_o contract_n of_o sickness_n from_o his_o keep_n of_o the_o house_n be_v not_o always_o sufficient_a alone_o yet_o it_o be_v of_o great_a importance_n and_o a_o small_a probation_n of_o sickness_n with_o it_o will_v suffice_v otherways_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o keep_v all_o access_n from_o the_o defunct_a of_o indifferent_a person_n that_o may_v prove_v his_o condition_n and_o none_o be_v admit_v but_o contriver_n and_o concurrer_n in_o the_o deed_n and_o therefore_o a_o deed_n do_v be_v a_o man_n enclose_v for_o the_o plague_n be_v find_v reduceable_a as_o do_v on_o deathbed_n as_o be_v do_v after_o the_o defunct_a be_v enclose_v on_o suspicion_n of_o the_o plague_n and_o die_v before_o he_o come_v out_o without_o necessity_n to_o prove_v he_o be_v sick_a or_o infect_v when_o thedeed_o be_v do_v see_v there_o be_v no_o further_a access_n for_o full_a probation_n february_n 23._o 1665._o jack_n contra_fw-la pollock_n and_o